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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Physical work capacity and daily physical activities of handicapped and non-handicapped children.

In this study physical work capacity, mechanical efficiency on the bicycle ergometer and daily physical activities were compared between 24 physically handicapped and 24 non-handicapped children. As a measure of mechanical efficiency and physical work capacity, the oxygen uptake per kg body weight at 0.5 watt . kg-1 and oxygen uptake per kg body weight at a heart rate of 150 beats . min-1 were used. The daily physical activities were recorded during a 24-h period by means of a scoring list. The load imposed by the daily physical activities was investigated by registration of heart rate. The mean value of the physical work capacity of the group of handicapped children was found to be lower compared with the non-handicapped children. The mechanical efficiency of 7 of the 24 handicapped children was lower when compared with the mechanical efficiency of 23 of the 24 non-handicapped children. A significant correlation between mechanical efficiency and nature of the handicap (spastic hemi-, di-, tetraplegic) was found (p less than 0.05). During light daily physical activities the handicapped children showed the same mean heart rate as the non-handicapped children, but the mean heart rate during heavy daily physical activities was lower for the handicapped group than for the non-handicapped group. The non-handicapped children spent more time in physical activities with relatively high heart rates. From the results obtained of oxygen uptake and heart rate measurements it is to be expected that non-handicapped children are able to maintain a higher state of training by means of their daily physical activities than are handicapped children.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

The perceived handicap questionnaire: a self perceived handicap measurement in patients with spinal cord injury.

Handicap exists when individuals with impairment or disability are unable to fulfill one or more of the roles that are considered normal for their age, gender, and culture. In fact, handicap is one of the most poorly measured of all rehabilitation outcomes. This study was performed to measure the subjective experience of handicap in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who had permanent disabilities and were often faced with environmental barriers. Eighty-three new traumatic SCI patients with a mean age of 33 years were interviewed during follow-up outpatient clinic visits using the Perceived Handicap Questionnaire (PHQ). This test provides a global measurement of the extent of self-perceived handicap across five dimensions based on the WHO's classification of handicap. When compared with normal persons, SCI subjects perceived themselves as more handicapped in all dimensions especially mobility and physical independence. In contrast, the majority of SCI subjects perceived themselves as less handicapped than others with SCI in physical independence, and equally handicapped in social integration and in economic self-sufficiency. In addition, the Barthel Index Score of self-care activities was negatively correlated with the PHQ score, but the depression score and hospitalization period were positively correlated with the PHQ score. Rehabilitation professionals should pay attention to the measurement of societal functioning or handicap in addition to disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The self-concept of physically handicapped children and their non-handicapped siblings: an empirical investigation.

Following a brief review of studies devoted specifically to the self-concept of the child with a physical handicap and the non-handicapped sibling, 20 pre-adolescent physically handicapped children attending normal schools and their siblings nearest in age were administered the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale for Children. Their responses were then compared with those of 13 physically handicapped children attending special schools and their siblings, and with 18 non-handicapped children and their siblings. It was found that mean total scores were lower for both groups of physically handicapped children when compared to mean scores for the non-handicapped controls, with similar results amongst the groups of siblings, the mean scores for siblings of handicapped children being generally lower than those of the controls. The same results were found when the handicapped children's groups were pooled and analysed according to diagnosis. It was also found that there were few significant differences between pairs of target children and siblings, irrespective of their groupings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Self-handicapping status, claimed self-handicaps and reduced practice effort following success and failure feedback.

BACKGROUND: Self-handicapping involves the strategic establishment of an impediment or obstacle to success prior to a performance situation which thereby provides a convenient excuse for poor performance. AIMS: The study sought to establish that relative to low trait self-handicappers, high trait self-handicappers exposed to failure in an intellectually evaluative situation will (a) pre-emptively claim more handicaps, and (b) behaviourally self-handicap through reduced practice effort, and (c) report greater anxiety and negative affect relative to low trait self-handicappers. SAMPLE: Participants were 72 undergraduate students, divided equally between high and low self-handicapping groups. METHOD: This study utilised a 2 (self-handicapping status: high, low) x 3 (performance feedback: fail, low task importance; fail, high task importance; success) between-subjects factorial design to investigate claimed and behavioural self-handicapping through reduced practice effort. This was done by manipulating performance outcome and perceived task importance. RESULTS: Relative to low trait self-handicappers, high trait high self-handicappers claimed more handicaps and engaged in greater behavioural self-handicapping following failure when working on tasks that were described as potentially diagnostic of low ability. While low self-handicappers internalised their success more than their failure in the high task importance condition, high self-handicappers were undifferentiated in their attributions across performance conditions. Greater anxiety and greater negative affect were also characteristic of high self-handicappers. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the self-protective benefit of self-handicapping in sparing the individual from conclusions of low ability, and the failure of high self-handicappers to fully internalise their success. These elements and the role of uncertain estimates of ability are discussed in considering implications for intervention.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional status and daily physical activity of handicapped students in Tokyo metropolitan schools for deaf, blind, mentally retarded, and physically handicapped individuals.

Heights, weights, and skinfold thicknesses of 2222 handicapped students aged 3-22 y were measured in the 1984 nutritional survey for handicapped students in Tokyo metropolitan schools for deaf, blind, mentally retarded, and physically handicapped individuals. Although delayed growth was most obvious in physically handicapped students, obesity was already prevalent in many different types of handicapped students, especially those who were mentally handicapped. To estimate daily physical activity, 473 males and 329 females wore a pedometer for 24 h. There were considerable differences in the mean pedometer scores among the four groups of students: deaf greater than blind = mentally retarded greater than physically handicapped. In the female students who could walk normally, pedometer scores were negatively related with both body mass index and percent body fat. The nutritional status in the handicapped students is discussed in relation to daily physical activity.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing handicap of stroke survivors. A validation study of the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique.

Proxy agreement and internal structure of the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique are documented, and the measure is compared with the Functional Independence Measure for a sample of stroke survivors. Thirty-eight former rehabilitation patients were assessed at follow-up (average time post-stroke was 6 mo) with the Craig Handicap Assessment, which was also answered separately under proxy instructions by caregivers (relatives or friends) who accompanied patients to the interview. Proxy instructions were for caregivers to answer as if they were the stroke survivor. Proxy agreement for the Craig Handicap total score was good (intraclass correlation was 0.77) and adequate for most of its scales. The physical independence, mobility, and occupation scales were highly intercorrelated, with low intercorrelations for social integration and economic self-sufficiency. Correlation between the handicap and Functional Independence Measure disability scores was around 0.50; when the handicap economic self-sufficiency scale was removed, this increased to 0.70. These findings are discussed within the context of the interrelationships among the educational level of the patients and both measures. With some modification, the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique appears to be a useful tool for assessing outcomes in terms of the handicap status of stroke survivors.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Measuring handicap: the London Handicap Scale, a new outcome measure for chronic disease.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a handicap measurement scale in a self completion questionnaire format, with scale weights allowing quantification of handicap at an interval level of measurement. DESIGN: Adaptation of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and handicaps into a practical questionnaire incorporating the dimensions of handicap mobility, occupation, physical independence, social integration, orientation, and economic self sufficiency and scale weights derived from interviews with a general population sample, with the technique of conjoint analysis. SETTING: Two general practices in different areas of London. SUBJECTS: 240 adults aged 55-74 years randomly selected from the practices, 101 (42%) of whom agreed to be interviewed, and 79 (78%) of whom completed the exercise. MAIN MEASURES: Rating of severity of handicap associated with 30 hypothetical health scenarios on a visual analogue scale, from which was derived a matrix of scale weights ("part utilities") relating to different levels of disadvantage on each dimension, with a formula for combining them into an overall handicap score. Severity scores measured directly for five scenarios not used to derive the scale weights were compared with those calculated from the formula to validate the model. RESULTS: The part utilities obtained conformed with the expected hierarchy for each dimension, confirming the validity of the method. The measured severities and those calculated from the formula for the five scenarios used to validate the model agreed closely (Pearson's r = 0.98, p = 0.0009; Kendall's tau = 1.00, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: This interval level handicap measurement scale will be useful in assessing both specific therapies and health services, in clinical trials, in analyses of cost effectiveness, and in assessments of quality assurance.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The impossible handicap. Analysis of the concept of handicap in the orientating law of 30 June 1975. 1].

This study focuses on handicap as is meant in the French law of june 30, 1975 for handicapped persons. The method is content analysis applied to the law itself and to directly relevant official texts (Bloch Lainé report of 1967, motives statement of the law, debates in parliament, Cour des Comptes report of 1982, Lasry Gagneux report of 1983). Handicap thus explicited is twice impossible. In the first place the whole field of handicap is built upon a strong relationship between official services and the invalids while at the same time the law gives the committees total freedom to choose and change their definition of handicap. In the second place the fact of giving such a central place to invalidity and to the relationship between official services and invalids tends to deny the very characters of handicap. P.H.N. Wood's concept as published under the authority of World Health Organization, provides a possible definition of handicap in as much as it states its social nature (to be differentiated from invalidity) and it grants equal importance to the three interactions: person-state, state-milieu, and person-milieu.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1992

[Patients with severe multiple handicaps in workshops for the handicapped--a project of the Berlin Workshops for the Handicapped GmbH (BWB) 4 December 1989 to 31 May 1990].

A project had been carried out at Berliner Werkstätten für Behinderte GmbH (BWB) aimed at integrating cerebral palsied persons with very severe, multiple disability in a workshop for the disabled. Client workshop readiness had been determined on the criteria of social capacity, extraordinary care need at the workplace, and economic viability of work. The project, planned to last 6 months, had to be discontinued because the 9 disabled persons included in this programme refused to cooperate after a short period of time.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

[Is self disclosure by a physically handicapped proband reciprocated by the interaction partner? An experimental study of the effect of physical handicap on interaction behavior with non-handicapped interaction partners].

An experimental study tested whether an able-bodied person's positive disposition toward a disabled interaction partner was effective in the amount of reciprocation given to the disabled partner's self-disclosure. Sixty female subjects were confronted with either a disabled or nondisabled conversation partner who showed either a high or a low amount of self-disclosure. We anticipated that a "sympathy" effect of disablement in the amount of the subjects' self-disclosure would result from the nondisabled partner's overcompensation. This arises from an effort to compensate the negative, stereotyped attitudes to the disabled in actual behavior toward a single, disabled person by more strongly reciprocating the self-disclosure of a disabled interaction partner compared to a nondisabled one. Results showed that, contrary to expectations, self-disclosure was equally reciprocated with both a disabled and a nondisabled partner. However, a "sympathy" effect was found in the impression judgments on the disabled partner who had shown a high amount of self-disclosure in the previous conversation. The lack of a "sympathy" effect in the amount of self-disclosure was possibly the result of (1) the reciprocation of self-disclosure not being exclusively determined by intentional control processes; and/or (2) the evaluative significance of the amount of self-disclosure not being clear to the subjects in the interaction studied. It is concluded that the efforts of the nondisabled to show an unprejudiced attitude toward a disabled interaction partner are mostly effective in other aspects of behavior than the amount of self-disclosure.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Coping with illness and coping with handicap during the vocational rehabilitation of physically handicapped adolescents and young adults.

Coping with illness and coping with handicap during the vocational rehabilitation of physically handicapped adolescents and young adults are given great consideration in rehabilitation centres. The mutual dependence of defence styles and ways of coping with serious illnesses are demonstrated in case vignettes 1 and 2. Defence processes can block coping with illness. In adolescents who are physically handicapped since birth, other body and self-representations are developed according to the form of handicap. After an accident or illness in later childhood or adolescence, new body and self-representations have to be built up in a way that corresponds to the changed physical circumstances (case vignette 3). This is often a lengthy and painful process of mourning. The extent to which the adolescent patient will be granted independence and autonomy from the family will influence the course of the illness itself. The dangers and prospects of lengthy rehabilitation processes are discussed. The necessary adjustments that physically handicapped adolescents have to make when they are admitted into a residential facility for the physically handicapped are described.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Defining fragility of the elderly severely mentally handicapped according to mortality risk, morbidity, motor handicaps and social functioning.

The main aim of this study was to find a cut-off point in the age-distribution at which the physical fragility of the severe mentally handicapped residents increases. The following criteria for age-related fragility were used: mortality risk, morbidity rates of chronic diseases, motor problems and social functioning. The age-specific mortality risks were computed by means of data of the National Case register in the period 1978-1983. The morbidity-rates, rates of motor handicaps and handicaps of social functioning were calculated from a random sample of 550 severe mentally handicapped in 100 institutions and sheltered homes. The results of this cross-sectional study showed a high prevalence of diseases and handicaps, and a high mortality-rate until the age of 30, mainly determined by pre- and perinatal birth defects. The most healthy residents were found according to our criteria in the 30-50 year age group. A significant increase in health problems of 'the elderly' were observed only after the age of about 50 years, as indicated by a high prevalence of diseases and sensory handicaps, mortality risk, motor problems and problems with basis personal skills. The linguistic skills of elderly persons were significantly better in comparison with the younger residents.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

Recognition of the familiar words of nursery rhymes by handicapped and non-handicapped infants.

Nine infants with Down's syndrome (mean MA, 9.1 months), seven non-handicapped infants (mean MA, 9.6 months) and one severely handicapped infant (MA, 9.5 months) were given the choice of listening to familiar nursery rhymes or to the same rhymes with each word reversed such that the rhythms, intonation and stress patterns were kept intact but the words were nonsense. Six infants with Down's syndrome, five non-handicapped infants and the severely handicapped infant had significant preferences for the familiar rhymes, and the strength of this preference increased with increasing mental age. The results suggest that both handicapped and non-handicapped infants are beginning to recognise familial words of nursery rhymes at this age. The relevance of the results for early intervention procedures is discussed.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1978

Dental care for handicapped children reexamined: I. Dental training and treatment of the handicapped.

1) Training experience is closely related to whether or not handicapped children are treated. If practitioners attended a postgraduate pedodontic training program, or received classroom education or clinical training in the treatment of handicapped children, they are much more likely to treat such patients. (Worth noting is the fact that one fourth of the pedodontists treating handicapped children had not received postgraduate pedodontic training and 20-30 percent reported no training on the treatment of such patients at all.) 2) Slightly less than half of the general practitioners and 96 percent of the pedodontists surveyed report that they currently treat the dental problems of handicapped children. 3) Practitioners currently treating handicapped children report treating more such patients during their dental training and are more likely to feel that they received sufficient exposure to these patients during their training. (Twenty percent of the general practitioners and 53 percent of the pedodontists felt they had sufficient exposure.) 4) Dentists treating handicapped children were more likely to report both classroom education and clinical training about the use of multidisciplinary health manpower in the treatment of their patients, and to report using such personnel as consultants in their dental practice.

Child↗