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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Neuropsychological syndromes of arteriovenous malformation of cinguli gyrus and hippocampus].

41 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of gyrus cinguli and 39 ones with AVM of hippocamp were examined. AVM verification was performed according to the data of angiography and computer tomography of the brain during the operation. 4 patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures and absans. In these cases AVM spread from gyrus cinguli and hippocamp to the cortical medio-basal regions of frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Autonomic paroxysms weren't found in the patients. Before the operation 73 patients had disorders of memory that progressed after the operation. Disorders of memory weren't completely identical in damages of gyrus cinguli or of hippocamp, namely: in damages of gyrus cinguli such disorders were similar in terms of their characteristics with those observed in damages of medio-basal regions of the frontal lobes, while in pathology of hippocamp--with those of diencephalic region (region of III ventricle). A conclusion was made about different participation of the structures studied in realization of the memory function.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1995

[Morphologic characteristics of the gyrus cinguli vascular network].

Vascular network of gyrus cinguli has been examined in adult brains. This vascular network is extended in the form of a cone from lower to upper lip of Sulcus corporis calosi. The blood vessels in the area of lower lip and bottom of the Sulcus corporis calosi are oriented obliquely, almost parallel to cerebral cortex surface, while in the area of upper lip of sulcus are oriented perpendicularly to the cerebral cortex surface. Arteries in this area have few recurrent branches, while fountain shaped arteries are found infrequently. Shorter spiral arteries are found, too. Longer veins predominates in this area (V4 and V5). Drainage territories of certain veins are larger than irrigation territories of the appropriate arteries.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinical neuropsychological aspects in the surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the gyrus cinguli].

Clinical and neuropsychological studies of the outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the gyrus cinguli were conducted. Preoperative examination revealed predominantly memory disorders in 38 cases. Of them 5 cases had amnestic disturbances similar to those of the Korsakoff syndrome. Autonomic and epileptic seizures were not common. Thirty eight patients underwent surgery. Memory deterioration was recorded in 23 cases postoperatively. Three patients developed a "new" Korsakoff syndrome. The rate of deterioration of memory disorders showed a clear correlation with the extent of gyrus cinguli destruction and degree of corpus callosum integration to AVM nidus. The qualitative analysis of amnestic syndromes demonstrated that the majority of patients developed pre- and postoperative disorders of trace selectivity, the insight incontinence of the story essence accompanied by diminished critical attitude towards their condition. This pattern of defects was similar to the clinical features of the amnestic syndrome in patients with frontal lobe lesions. Combined damage of frontal lobes and their connections (with gyrus cinguli in this case) is of great importance in the formation of a clinical picture in man. The findings should be taken into consideration when surgical policy is to be analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Activity of the respiratory center as a paired formation during stimulation of the anterior gyrus cinguli in rats].

A total of 65 acute experiments on rats anesthetized with urethane were made to study bioelectrical activity of the external intercostal muscles on the right and left sides of the chest and neuronal activity of both halves of the respiratory center during electrical stimulation (4--15 v, 60 Hz) of the right or left anterior gyrus cinguli. The data obtained showed varied asymmetrical and asynchronous changes in the electromyogram of the respiratory muscles and disclosed some features of the effect of the left and right anterior gyrus cinguli on the electromyogram of the respiratory muscles and diverse reactions of respiratory center neurons to unilateral stimulation of the gyrus cinguli. The presence of functional asymmetry of the right and left anterior gyrus cinguli and their effect on the respiratory center are suggested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The growth-associated protein GAP-43 is increased in the hippocampus and in the gyrus cinguli in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a common and severe psychiatric disorder of unknown etiology. Numerous neuropathological studies have found subtle structural changes in limbic structures, especially medial temporal lobe structures and the gyrus cinguli. To test the hypothesis that synaptic disturbances are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, we studied the growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), a protein localized to presynaptic terminals, suggested to be involved in establishment and remodeling of synaptic connections, in postmortem brain tissue, using quantitative Western blotting immunohistochemistry. The material consisted of brain tissue from 17 schizophrenics (80 +/- 11 yr), diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R criteria, and 20 age-matched controls (75 +/- 13 yr). Quantitative analyses showed increased GAP-43 protein levels in schizophrenic compared to control brains, both in the hippocampus (2.43 +/- 0.78 vs 1.00 +/- 0.29; p < 0.0001) and in the gyrus cinguli (1.52 +/- 0.21 vs 1.00 +/- 0.35; p < 0.0001). Also by immunohistochemistry, increased GAP-43 staining was found in schizophrenic compared with control brains, throughout all layers of the gyrus cinguli and the hippocampus. Anomalous synaptic sprouting and reorganization, with resultant "miswiring," as well as a defect in synaptic pruning have been hypothesized to be pathogenetic factors in schizophrenia. We suggest that a decreased synaptic density, whether caused by disturbed development or damage/degeneration, may elicit a reactive synaptogenesis (reflected by an increase in GAP-43), which may be functional or anomalous. Synaptic pathology in the limbic system may be of importance in the development of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Clinico-neuropsychological syndromes involving the human gyrus cinguli].

There was performed clinical and neurophysiological observation of 41 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of gyrus cinguli. Disorders of memory appeared to be the main manifestations before the operation in 38 patients, moreover they had the features of Korsakov's syndrome in 5 patients. Autonomic and epileptic-like fits weren't quite characteristic. Memory impairment was observed in 23 from 38 patients after operation, however there weren't found any qualitatively new disorders. The first appearance of Korsakov's syndrome after operation was found in 3 patients. The degree of the increase of memory impairment correlated with the degree of the destruction of the gyrus cinguli as well as with the massivity of AVM passing into corpus callosum. Qualitative analysis of amnestic syndromes revealed that practically all the patients had the alteration of the selectivity of the memory traces, inability to keep in mind the meaning of the tale. It was accompanied by an absence of criticism toward patients' own defects. Similar signs of disorders had close resemblance with amnestic defects of the patients with frontal damages. That testified the significance of both damages of frontal lobes and their connections in formation of clinical pattern in human.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Reduction of the synaptophysin level but normal levels of glycerophospholipids in the gyrus cinguli in schizophrenia.

The 'membrane hypothesis' of schizophrenia postulates a disturbance in the metabolism and structure of membrane phospholipids resulting in a disturbance in the function of neuronal membrane proteins. Most studies exploring this hypothesis have examined components of peripheral blood. Since it may be questioned if these peripheral measurements reflect changes in the brain, we studied the fatty acid composition of glycerophospholipids in brain tissue. As a marker for synaptic density, we also measured the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin. Brain tissue (gyrus cinguli) from 11 schizophrenic patients (mean age 80 +/- 10 years) and 13 controls (mean age 75 +/- 14 years) was examined. The glycerophospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Synaptophysin protein level was determined using quantitative immunoblotting followed by Western blotting. There were no significant differences between the groups in the total or in any individual level of fatty acids, either in the n - 6 or n - 3 series. The level of synaptophysin was significantly p = (0.002) decreased in the schizophrenic group(0.73 + 0.18) as compared with the control group (1.02 + 0.21). The normal pattern and concentration of glycerophospholipids fatty acids found in the present study do not support the membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia. The possibility of a type II error should, however. be considered. On the other hand, the reduced synaptophysin' levels in the gyrus cinguli demonstrate that biological differences can be revealed in this relatively small sample. This also lends further support to the notion that a synaptic disturbance or loss is of importance in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Histoenzymatic and morphometric changes occurring in nerve cells of gyrus cinguli following treatment of young rats with vincristine.

The effect of treatment with vincristine on nerve cells of gyrus cinguli was studied. Wistar rats aged 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days were given single intraperitoneal injections of vincristine (0.01 mg/kg body weight). All experimental animals were decapitated at the age of 29 days and their brains subjected to histoenzymatic and morphometric examination. The control group consisted of untreated rats aged 29 days. The activity of phosphatases and esterases of the cingulum was evaluated histochemically and the morphometric parameters of pyramidal cells in this region were determined by means of a computer microscope "Morphoquant" (VEB Carl Zeiss JENA). The results of this study have shown that administration of therapeutic doses of vincristine to young rats brings about a drop of the neuronal AChE and NsE activity, contrary, to this, TPPase and acP activities of the pyramidal cells are enhanced by this treatment. Morphometric determinations have revealed elongation of the neuronal perikaryons along with an increase of indices of the cytoplasmatic area and volume of pyramidal cells. The observed alterations are considered to reflect degenerative processes of moderate intensity.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of intrahippocampal injections of serotonin on bioelectrical activity of Gyrus cinguli and amygdaloid nucleus in the rabbit.

The effect of injection of serotonin (5-HT), dissolved in 2 mul of bidistilled water, into hippocampus was studied in rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes and cannulas. Bioelectric activity of gyrus cinguli, amygdaloid nucleus, and dorsal hippocampus was recorded. 5-HT (10--20 mug) inhibited the electrical activity of the structures investigated, and this inhibition was accompanied by a suppression of locomotor activity or sleep.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of sensory stimulation on the lamina V pyramidal neurons of the gyrus cinguli in the rat].

UNLABELLED: Three groups of Wistar-rats were exposed to permanent noise (80 db) during different periods in their postnatal life: the first group was exposed starting from birth for a period of four weeks, the second one from birth up to nine weeks of age and the third group from the fifth up to the ninth week postnatal. A fourth group (control animals) was reared under normal laboratory conditions. After the experiments the brains were exposed to a modified GOLGI-method. In lamina-V-pyramids of the gyrus cinguli lightmicroscopical results: length, number and distribution of spines on the main apical dendrites and on the apical dendritic branches where evaluated. MAIN RESULTS: 1. Permanent noise during the early postnatal development phase of the brain of rats (from birth up to the fourth week of age) causes a statistically significant increase of apical spines. The spines-values are 20% above those of the control animals. 2. Permanent noise from birth up to the ninth week of age or applied only during the later postnatal period (from the fifth week up to the ninth week of age) does not significantly alterate the spines-value. 3. The results are estimated as a consequence of extreme environmental factors causing effects, comparable with an universal stress reaction. Conclusions were discussed in comparison to the results of other authors.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2002

Gyrus cinguli transection abolishes delta-opioid receptor-induced gastroprotection and alters alpha 2 adrenoceptor activity in the lower brainstem in rats.

Previously, using the acidified ethanol-induced ulcer model in rats, we demonstrated that the mainly vagus-dependent gastroprotective effect of intracerebroventricularly injected clonidine was mediated by beta-endorphin release in the lower brainstem. Presently, retroarcuate transections were used to evaluate the contribution of forebrain beta-endorphinergic projection in this mechanism. Since the transection trajectory affected the cingulate cortex and other forebrain structures, matching lesions were also performed. In control and sham-operated rats intracisternal injection of clonidine and the direct opioid receptor (delta type) stimulant peptide (D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5))-enkephalin caused a potent and fully naloxone-reversible (i.e. opioid receptor-mediated) protection against acidified ethanol-induced mucosal damage. In gyrus cinguli-transected rats (as well as in groups with midline hippocampal, thalamic and hypothalamic lesions) gastric mucosal protection induced centrally by direct delta-opioid receptor stimulation in the lower brainstem was completely abolished. The protective effect of clonidine was significantly reduced but it was still present in these animals. The residual protection by clonidine was naloxone-resistant, i.e. independent of an opioid mediation. Transections of the cingulate gyrus as well as thalamic but not the retroarcuate transections elevated plasma corticosterone levels. The changes seen in the clonidine/opioid-induced gastroprotection did not show any correlation with the changes in plasma corticosterone levels. It was concluded that (i) the transection of the cingulate cortex strongly influences the neural input to the nucleus tractus solitarii-dorsal motor vagal nucleus complex that is required for the activation of gastroprotective vagus outflow by delta-opioid receptor stimulation; (ii) the transection uncovers a direct, clonidine-induced gastroprotective pathway which is probably suppressed in intact animals.

Adrenalectomy↗