Peripheral giant cell granuloma (giant cell epulis) in two dogs.
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Animals↗
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[Giant cell granuloma (peripheral giant cell granuloma)].
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Alveolar Process↗
Oral and intralesional steroid therapy in giant cell granuloma.
Giant cell granulomas account for 7% of all benign tumors of the jaw. They are commonly seen as asymptomatic masses. A 4-year-old boy with an exophitic, crusty, hemorrhagic mass on the anterolateral region of the right maxilla was referred to our department. Pathological examination was reported as giant cell granuloma. A mixture of prednisolone, lidocaine and adrenaline was injected intralesionally once a week and oral fluocortone was added to this therapy. A limited surgery could be performed. Intralesional prednisolone and systemic fluocortone therapy seems to be effective, as the lesion stopped growing and increase in bony structures was observed radiologically.
Administration, Oral↗
Cherubism: diagnosis, treatment, and comparison with central giant cell granulomas and giant cell tumors.
An extensive case of cherubism in a 17-year-old girl with no apparent familial history is presented. The rationale for treatment is presented and is compared with previous reports that have advocated nontreatment. The clinical and histologic similarities of cherubism to central giant cell granuloma and the giant cell tumor of bone are also discussed.
Adolescent↗
Expression of c-Src and comparison of cytologic features in cherubism, central giant cell granuloma and giant cell tumors.
Cherubism (CBM) and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaw and giant cell tumor (GCT) of the long bone are clinically different diseases. Histologically, they are all multinucleated giant cell (MGC)-containing lesions. This study aims to evaluate the expression of c-Src and cytologic features in CBM, CGCG and GCT and to clarify whether there is a common mechanism underlying the formation of multi-nucleated giant cells (MGCs) in these lesions. Specimens and paraffin blocks were collected from patients with CBM (12 cases), CGCG (24 cases) and GCT (37 cases). Histomorpho-metric differences in MGCs were compared among the three types of lesions. The expression of c-Src by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and the expression of TRAP by enzyme histochemical staining were examined. Expression of c-Src mRNA and protein, as well as TRAP staining, was detected in both MGCs and a fraction of mononuclear cells in all investigated lesions. There are no quantitative differences for cytologic features and c-Src expression among the lesions. The results suggested that CBM, CGCG and GCT have overlapping cytological features at the histological level, and c-Src may be involved in the formation of MGCs in the three different diseases.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Immunohistochemical expression of p53, MDM2, Ki-67 and PCNA in central giant cell granuloma and giant cell tumor.
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a reactive bone lesion that occurs mainly in the jaws. The giant cell tumour (GCT) is a benign locally aggressive neoplasm located near the articular end of tubular bones. Both lesions are characterised histologically by multinucleated giant cells in a background of ovoid to spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells. There is a basic question whether both lesions are separate entities or variants of the same disease. The study of cell cycle-associated proteins may give insights into clarifying such question. The expression of these proteins is also important to determine the cell cycle regulation in both tumours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53, MDM2, Ki-67 and PCNA in CGCG and GCT. The results demonstrated that, despite the lack of p53 immunoreactivity, all the samples showed wide expression of MDM2. The percentage of Ki-67- and PCNA-positive cells in CGCG was statistically higher than that of GCT Our findings show that CGCG has a higher proliferative activity compared with that of the GCT. Our results also suggest that p53 inactivation by MDM2 expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of giant cell lesions of the jaws and long bones.
Adolescent↗
[Sinus injuries caused by giant cells: giant cell granuloma and giant cell tumor coexisting with Paget's disease of the cranium].
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Aged↗
[A case of familially associated cherubism, centro-osseous giant cell granulomas and giant cell tumors of the jaws].
Fourteen years after the discovery of cherubism a young woman presented reconstructive granulomas of the maxilla and mandible. Her grandmother and father had had giant cell mandibular tumors.
Adolescent↗
A clinical and histomorphologic comparison of the central giant cell granuloma and the giant cell tumor.
The clinical, histologic, and histomorphometric features of 42 giant cell tumors (GCT) of long bones and 49 central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) of the jaws were compared. These findings were also correlated with the clinical behavior of 25 cases of CGCG for which follow-up information was available. There was a female predilection for both lesions. The mean ages of patients with CGCG and GCT were 21 and 25 years, respectively. In contrast to CGCG, GCT rarely occurred in persons below the age of 10 years. The only statistically significant quantitative difference between the lesions at the histologic level was the greater number of nuclei in the giant cells of the GCT. There were four significant histologic differences between the two lesions, but 26% of the GCTs were histologically similar to most of the CGCGs and 10% of the CGCGs were histologically similar to most of the GCTs. Five of the 25 patients with CGCG for whom follow-up information was available had recurrences. The average age of those five patients was 11 years, compared to 29 years for those patients without recurrence. All five patients with recurrence were under 17 years of age, and they constituted 45% of the patients in this age group with follow-up. There were no quantitative or histologic differences between the recurrent and nonrecurrent CGCGs that were useful in predicting the likelihood of recurrence. Our findings suggest that the GCT and the CGCG represent a spectrum of a single disease process modified by the age of the patient and the site of occurrence.
Adolescent↗
Central giant cell granuloma.
Central giant cell granuloma, a fibro-osseous lesion, is more commonly found in the mandible and mainly in children and young adults. The lesion, which has a greater incidence in females, may be uni or multilocular. On the basis of clinical, radiological and histologic features, central giant cell granulomas can be classified as "non-aggressive" or "aggressive". Management involves surgical removal and in most cases the dentition can be maintained. Three cases of central giant cell granuloma are reported and they illustrate clinical features of the lesion, how differential diagnosis can be assisted by ORAD (a special software program), treatment, and the importance of recall examinations.
Adolescent↗
[Reticular elastolytic giant cell granuloma. A variant of the annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma].
The case report presented describes a new variant of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma. Over a period of 10 years, a 40-year-old woman had developed reticular, brown to livid, partly atrophic skin lesions on the shoulders and decolletée. The patient had no subjective symptoms. Histology revealed a patchy lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the dermis, with many giant cells. Elastic fibres were less frequently found in these infiltrates; in a few of the giant cells and macrophages fragments of elastic fibres were demonstrated within the cytoplasm. There were no deposits of mucin. For this new variant we propose the term "reticular elastolytic giant cell granuloma."
Adult↗
Central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: assessment of cell cycle proteins.
BACKGROUND: Several reports have demonstrated the presence of a high proliferative activity in central giant cell granuloma, raising the possibility that deregulation of the cell cycle may contribute to its pathogenesis. As we identified alterations of cyclin D1 in giant cell tumor of bone, and as there are histologic similarities between central giant cell granuloma and giant cell tumor, we assessed jaw lesions for the presence of similar alterations. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 29 cases of central giant cell granuloma was assessed for the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and MIB-1 (Ki-67) using immunohistochemistry. In addition, differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine whether there was cyclin D1 gene amplification. RESULTS: The cyclin D1 gene copy number appeared to be minimally elevated in 31% of the cases. Cyclin D1 protein overexpression was observed in 28 of 29 cases (96.5%). Immunostaining was present predominantly in the nuclei of the giant cells. Cyclin B1 and MIB-1 immunoreactivity was restricted to the mononuclear cells with no staining present in the giant cells. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin D1 protein overexpression may be involved in the formation of the giant cells and the pathogenesis of central giant cell granuloma. As the distribution of immunostaining is identical to that observed in giant cell tumor of bone, our results support the possibility that central giant cell granuloma of the jaws and giant cell tumor of bone represent a similar disease process that clinically and histologically may have somewhat different features because of differences in the anatomical site of involvement.
Cell Cycle Proteins↗
Papular elastolytic giant cell granuloma: a clinical variant of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma or generalized granuloma annulare?
A 71-year-old man with asymptomatic red papules on the trunk and upper arms was reported as a case of papular elastolytic giant cell granuloma. A skin biopsy specimen from a papule on the back showed similar findings to those of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma. However, centrifugal annular lesions were not clinically observed. He was successfully treated with tranilast and topical steroids.
Aged↗
A histological comparison of the giant cells in the central giant cell granuloma of the jaws and the giant cell tumor of long bone.
A histological comparison has been made of the giant cells in 10 cases which had been diagnosed as central giant cell granuloma of the jaws and 10 cases diagnosed as giant cell tumor of long bone. The numbers of nuclei in each of 50 giant cells were counted in the 20 lesions. The giant cells were measured in order to compare their sizes in the respective lesions. It was found that the giant cells of the jaw lesions contained significantly fewer nuclei than those of the lesions in other bones. Secondly it was found that cells in the lesions of long bone have significantly larger dimensions than those in the jaw lesions. There was, however, an area of overlap. It was concluded that these data supported the view that giant cell tumor and giant cell granuloma are distinct entities. Some giant cell lesions of long bones are, however, morphologically indistinguishable from lesions of the jaws; and conversely giant cell lesions of the jaws are indistinguishable from some giant cell lesions of the long bones. It seems possible, therefore, that some jaw lesions are giant cell tumors and that some giant cell lesions outside the jaws are giant cell granulomas.
Bone Neoplasms↗
Adult T cell leukemia accompanied by annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma.
We report a 74-year-old Japanese patient with adult T-cell leukemia who concurrently developed annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma. Initially, itchy granulomatous lesions developed on his face, nape of the neck and dorsa of the hands, but gradually erythematous plaques appeared on the back and lower limbs. The histology of the granulomatous lesions revealed coexistence of an epithelioid cell granuloma with giant cells that phagocytosed elastic fibres in the dermis and Pautrier's microabscesses in the overlying epidermis. Subsequent sequential histological studies of an erythematous plaque revealed the development of granulomatous changes in pre-existing lymphomatous lesions. Laboratory data revealed the presence of antibody to human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus I and 14,200 white cells/mm3 in the peripheral blood with 2% atypical lymphocytes which eventually amounted to 30%, one month before his death.
Aged↗
Expression of regulatory apoptotic proteins in peripheral giant cell granulomas and lesions containing osteoclast-like giant cells.
Peripheral giant cell granuloma consists of mononuclear cells and osteoclast-like giant cells. The proliferative ability of peripheral giant cell granuloma is restricted to the mononuclear cell compartment, whereas multinucleated giant cells lack mitotic activity. Although the proliferative compartment of peripheral giant cell granuloma has been investigated in detail, the expression and distribution of proteins regulating apoptosis is unknown. The present study demonstrates strong expression of bak and bax in the majority of giant cells. In contrast, giant cells show only weak positivity for bcl-2 and moderate positivity for bcl-x. Mononuclear cells were negative to weakly positive for bcl-x. Only scattered mononuclear cells were positive for bak, bax and bcl-2. The frequency of apoptotic nuclei detected by TUNEL-staining compared to regular nuclei was 18 times higher in giant cells than in mononuclear cells. In summary, our findings support the presumption that giant cells of bone and soft tissue tumors are reactive cell forms and not of neoplastic origin.
Antigens, CD↗
Lack of response to isotretinoin in annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma.
Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma is a rare disease characterized by annular configurated lesions with typical histopathologic findings. We report a case of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma in a 50-year-old male patient. Treatment modalities for this disease are limited and mostly unsatisfactory, although isotretinoin was found to be effective in a single case. However, systemic isotretinoin treatment of 12 weeks' duration was of no benefit in the presented case.
Administration, Oral↗
Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma.
Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma is a granulomatous process that presents as slowly growing annular papules and plaques on sun-exposed skin. It was first described in patients in the fourth and fifth decades of life. These lesions are primarily distributed on the head and neck. A review of the literature shows a preponderance of cases in adults. We report two cases of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma developing in children under the age of 11 years.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗