[Granular cell tumor (granular cell myoblastoma)].
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
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S-100 protein in granular cell tumors (granular cell myoblastomas).
Outside the central nervous system S-100 is found only in Schwann cells and satellite cells of ganglia. It has also been demonstrated in Schwannomas and neurofibromas but is absent from soft tissue tumors of non-neural origin. S-100 protein was looked for in granular cell myoblastomas using an immunohistochemical technique in an attempt to further elucidate the histogenesis of these tumors. All tumor cells in the ten tumors studied were intensely stained with antiserum to S-100 including one with some malignant features. These results support the idea that granular cell myoblastomas arise from Schwann cells.
Adolescent↗
Firm linear plaque on the lip of a child. Granular cell tumor (granular cell myoblastoma, granular cell schwannoma).
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Biopsy↗
[An unusual complication after an insect bite? Diagnostic procedures in a case of granular cell tumor].
Granular cell tumors are, in almost all cases, benign soft tissue tumors, although malignant variants have rarely been described in a variety of anatomical locations. In the case presented here, a so-called atypical granular cell tumor was diagnosed based on two criteria, being differentiated from the usual histological findings by enhanced mitotic activity and focal spindle cell proliferation. Further suspicious characters of the tumor were its size of 13x10x5 cm on MRT as well as its long-term clinical course (1.5 years). The diagnostic procedures undergone until resection of the tumor, including the macroscopic and histological findings, are presented. The diagnosis can be made with certainty by using conventional histology in combination with immunohistochemistry. The tumor cells react positively with antibodies against S-100 protein, NSE, laminin, myelin proteins and myelin-associated glycoproteins. These staining patterns underscore the neural origin of the tumor tissue. In this case a mitotic frequency of two per ten high power fields and focal spindle cells led to the diagnosis of an atypical granular cell tumor, whereas the criteria for a malignant variant were not met.
Animals↗
Pediatric laryngeal granular cell tumor.
Granular cell tumor of the larynx is an uncommon, benign tumor which has rarely been described in the pediatric population. Fewer than 10 cases in children under the age of 10 years have been reported. This paper describes two pediatric patients: An eight-year-old boy with a seven-year history of hoarseness due to an anterior subglottic tumor, and an 11-year-old boy with a one-year history of hoarseness due to a left true vocal cord tumor. Subglottic involvement by laryngeal granular cell tumor is rare in adults, but has been seen in half of the reported cases in the pediatric population. The clinical course of granular cell tumor and its pathology are reviewed.
Child↗
[Laryngeal granular cell tumor].
Granular cell tumors are rare benign neoplasms. Their usual location is in the head and neck, with the larynx being the most frequent ENT site. Three cases of granular cell tumor of the larynx are reported and their characteristics are reviewed.
Adult↗
Multiple plaques on the back: S-100 negative benign granular cell tumor.
Granular cell tumor is a rarely seen disease characterized by a gradually developing nodular lesion, which is difficult to diagnose. It has been thought to originate from Schwann cells. The tumor usually appears in the 4th-6th decades of life, more frequently in women and blacks, and has a multifocal location in 10-25% of the cases. The malignancy potential is 1-3%, with 70-74% of the cases in women. Ninety-eight percent of the cases are S-100 positive. The present paper describes an 18-year-old female patient with benign granular cell tumor. This rarely seen type of tumor was S-100 negative and has been detected in biopsies taken from multiple asymptomatic plaques and maculopapular lesions. They were 0.5-4 cm in diameter, light brown in color, and with clear contours and had been gradually growing on her back the last nine years.
Adolescent↗
Expression of calretinin and the alpha-subunit of inhibin in granular cell tumors.
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) typically express S-100 protein, which has been used as a marker in differential diagnosis. Calretinin, a calcium-binding protein related structurally to S-100, and inhibin, a polypeptide hormone secreted primarily by ovarian granulosa cells and testicular Sertoli cells and functioning as an inhibitor for pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, are potentially useful but not well-evaluated markers for GCTs. We studied 43 cases of GCT with antibodies to calretinin, the inhibin alpha-subunit, and S-100 protein. All tumors were positive for inhibin alpha-subunit and S-100 protein, with 50% or more cells showing moderate to strong staining. Forty tumors (93%) were positive for calretinin, ranging from focal weak to diffuse strong staining. Enhanced staining for calretinin in the tumor cells adjacent to hyperplastic squamous epithelium was observed in 9 of 13 cases showing pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. Calretinin and the inhibin alpha-subunit are useful markers for GCTs. The expression of calretinin, a primarily neuronal protein, in GCTs further supports its neural differentiation or derivation. The elevated calretinin expression in the tumor cells adjacent to the hyperplastic squamous epithelium suggests a role for calretinin in the tumor cells-squamous epithelium interaction.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
An unusual laryngeal lesion in children: granular cell tumor.
Granular cell tumor, a relative rare neoplasm, is of particular interest of the otolaryngologist as some 50% of cases appear in the head and neck region. The youngest reported case of a laryngeal granular cell tumor is presented. Involvement of the larynx is uncommon, but when it occurs it may create diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas.
Biopsy↗
Laryngeal granular cell tumor.
Granular cell tumor (GCT) of the larynx is an uncommon, benign laryngeal neoplasm. Abrikossoff first described the tumor in 1926 as myoblastoma. The origin of this tumor has been debated in the literature. Most of the authors believe that the tumor is of neural origin due to the characteristic immunohistochemical-staining pattern. The authors describe two cases of laryngeal GCTs located in different sites with a review of the histological and clinical features, the differential diagnosis, and the treatment and the prognosis of the tumor.
Adult↗
An immunohistochemical study of three equine pulmonary granular cell tumors.
Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a morphologic designation for tumors of varied histogenesis. Most GCTs in human beings are derived from Schwann cells, and rat meningeal GCTs are believed to originate in the neural crest. Three equine pulmonary GCTs from aged horses were studied immunohistochemically with primary antibodies directed against vimentin, cytokeratins (AE1/AE3), S-100, Leu 7, desmin, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) using a steptavidin-biotin procedure. All three tumors stained similarly with strong and diffuse staining of neoplastic cells for vimentin and S-100 and negative staining with all other antibodies. On the basis of the immunohistochemical results and the previously described histologic and ultrastructural characteristics, equine pulmonary GCT is designated as neural crest and possibly Schwann cell derived, similar to GCT in rats and human beings.
Animals↗
Are epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor responsible for pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia associated with granular cell tumors?
Granular cell tumors (GCT) are uncommon benign neoplasms that have a predilection for the head and neck region. These tumors can frequently be associated with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), which in turn may be mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma. Although epidermal growth factors are overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, their presence in PEH, especially its relation to GCT, is unknown. We hypothesize that the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) in GCT have a role in the development of PEH overlying some GCT. Sections from 13 cases of GCT (five with overlying PEH) were examined histologically and evaluated immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies for EGFR, EGF, and TGFalpha. These were compared with nine cases of PEH independent of GCT. Two of five GCT with overlying PEH and two of six GCT without overlying PEH stained positively for TGFalpha. None of the GCT stained with EGFR or EGF. All cases of PEH, whether or not associated with GCT, were reactive for EGFR and EGF. Four of the five cases of PEH overlying GCT stained with TGFalpha. The staining pattern and intensity of all three antibodies were comparable to that of the adjacent normal squamous mucosa. Among the three antibodies, only TGFalpha in GCT appears to be related to the development of PEH. Epidermal growth factor receptor and EGF do not seem to be directly involved. The reason of PEH formation associated with GCT in the absence of growth factors is unknown.
Adolescent↗
[Histological study of malignant cerebral granular cell tumor].
Granular cell tumor (GCT), which is suspected to be of Schwann cell origin, sometimes grows in the subcutaneous tissue, oral cavity and visceral sites and this tumor has a rather benign nature. Intracranial GCT also grows in the neurohypophysis but rarely in the brain parenchyma. We reported a case of intra-cerebral GCT in the left hemisphere, which took a malignant course. The patient was a 62-year-old male with a history of slowly progressing right hemiparesis and aphasia since May 1986. He was in a drowsy state and showed right hemiplegia on admission (October 14, 1986). Radiological examinations revealed a tumor and surrounding edema in the left temporal lobe and basal ganglia . Resection of the tumor and both radiotherapy of 53 Grey and chemotherapy using ACNU (total 310 mg) and BrdU (500 mg, two times per week prior to radiation) were applied after the operation. Although the tumor disappeared once after these treatments, the patient died of recurrence on July 3, 1987. Histological examinations on the specimen taken at the first operation revealed that the tumor consisted of rather round, large and small cells with a few cell processes. The large cells often had bizarre and multiple nuclei. These large cells had rich eosinophilic granular particles of various size and vacuoles in their cytoplasm. The staining for antiglial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was positive in a part of the cytoplasm and cell processes. Electron microscopically various sized and shaped granular structures and intermediate filaments were noticed in the cytoplasm of both large and smaller cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Astrocytoma↗
Adjuvant radiotherapy for recurrent granular cell tumor.
Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare neoplasm traditionally treated with surgical excision alone. However, recurrences and metastases of GCT have been reported. The authors review the literature and report the case of a 33-year-old black woman with a large, recurrent GCT. The patient was treated with adjuvant radiation therapy and followed without evidence of recurrence. Adjuvant radiotherapy may have a role in the treatment of certain GCT thought, by clinical or pathologic criteria, to be at high risk for recurrence or metastasis, especially in those cases where extensive surgical excision would produce unacceptable morbidity.
Adult↗
[Abrikossoff's tumor (granular cell tumor)].
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Granular Cell Tumor↗
The pattern of distribution of laminin in neurogenic tumors, granular cell tumors, and nevi of the oral mucosa.
Oral tumors of presumably neuroectodermal origin were stained with anti-laminin antibody by a double layered immunofluorescence technique. A marked positive staining for laminin was found in neurofibromas and neurilemmomas although the pattern of laminin distribution was slightly different. Accentuated staining was seen in Verocay bodies. In granular cell myoblastomas (GCM), small groups of tumor cells were encircled by laminin-positive material, whereas individual tumor cells were unstained. In nevi, diffusely spread nevus cells were surrounded by a rim of laminin, whereas when arranged in nests whole groups of cells were encircled by laminin as seen in the GCM. Ordinary oral fibromas included as controls were negative except for the expected positive staining of basement membranes normally occurring in the tissues. Immunohistochemical demonstration of laminin seems to be a valuable aid in differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors and may provide useful information about the pathogenesis of various lesions.
Basement Membrane↗
Neurogenic tumors, granular cell tumor, and paraganglioma.
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Adolescent↗
[Thoracoscopic excision of an uncertain intramural esophagus tumor (granular cell tumor/Abrikossoff tumor)].
A granular cell tumor is one of the rare tumors of the esophagus. We present the case of a 65-year-old male patient, who was admitted to our hospital for an elective cholecystectomy. In the routine diagnostic gastroscopy an intramural tumor in the distal esophagus was incidentally found. Repeated endoscopic biopsies did not reveal the histologic diagnosis, although endoscopic ultrasound invasion to the tunica muscularis could not be excluded. After indicating the operative therapy, the tumor was removed through a thoracoscopic approach. The histologic specimen showed a granular cell tumor of the esophagus (tumor of Abrikossoff). Since the tumor grade was unknown, our therapy seemed to be justified because of the low risk involved in minimally invasive operative procedures. There has been much discussion and controversy in the literature on this subject, including the potential for malignancy and the correct therapy regime, with a general shift to conservative or minimally invasive treatment. The case is discussed with a review of the literature.
Aged↗