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Results for “Graft vs Host Reaction”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Transplantation immunology of the anterior chamber of the eye. I. An intra-ocular graft-vs-host reaction (immunogenic anterior uveitis).

A graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR) expressed as an anterior uveitis was elicited within the anterior chambers of the eyes of F1 hybrid rats by the inoculation of suspensions of allogeneic, parental lymph node cells. This response resembled local GVHRs induced in other sites, except for the failure of refractoriness to appear following resolution of the acute phase. Because lymphoid cells within the anterior chamber have been shown to leave and make an impact on the systemic immunologic apparatus of the recipient, rather than remain isolated within the eye, it was suggested that the vascular route by which these cells disseminate is an important determinant of whether refractoriness will ensue from a local GVHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Serum-mediated inhibition of graft-vs.-host reaction.

Rats recovering from a systemic graft-vs.-host reaction (GVHR) possess factors in the serum which can inhibit the production of a local GVHR. After incubation in vitro for 1 h at 37 degrees C these factors reduce the GVH-producing potential of parental spleen or lymph node cells to 24% of control cells treated with normal serum. These factors appear within 1 wk after initiation of a systemic GVHR and some residual activity persists for up to 8 mo. The serum activity was present in the globulin fraction and was completely removed by absorption with spleen, lymph node, or kidney homogenates from either parental strain rats. These studies indicate that during the course of a systemic GVHR, serum factors directed against the host appear in the circulation and tend to inhibit the production of further GVHR by a second challenge of either parental strain cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement of murine cytomegalovirus infection during graft-vs.-host reaction.

A mouse model was used for elucidation of the role of a graft-vs-host reaction in promoting cytomegalovirus infection. F1 (DBA/2 X C3H/He) hybrid mice were infected with murine cytomegalovirus. Five weeks later, a graft-vs.-host reaction was produced in the chronically infected animals by the administration of multiple doses of DBA/2 parental splenocytes. Cytomegalovirus was recovered more often from the organs of mice undergoing graft-vs.-host reaction than from those of control animals (P less than 0.001). These results indicate that the graft-vs.-host reaction alone can enhance murine cytomegalovirus infection in a chronically infected host and may help explain the high incidence of cytomegalovirus infection after bone marrow allograft transplantation in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Graft-vs-host reaction in skin: histological immunological and ultrastructural studies.

A case of graft-vs-host reaction after bone marrow transplantation is described. Histopathologic and ultrastructural findings in involved skin showed necrotic keratinocytes and abnormal melanocytes with satellite lymphocytes. No deposits of immunoglobulins or complement were found. These data provide direct evidence that chronic graft-vs-host disease in humans may be related to cellular hypersensitivity rather than to serum factors.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1979

Local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction: a practical assessment of T cell function among cancer patients.

The local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction (XGVHR) was used as a practical bioassay to assess T lymphocyte function and immunocompetence among cancer patients. Positive XGVHR was found in 99.5% of normal donors, 70% of cancer patients with early stage disease, and 30% of cancer patients with metastatic disease (p less than 0.001). A minimum of 4.5 x 10(6) immunocompetent T lymphocytes are necessary in order to elicit a positive XGVHR. Negative reactions among cancer patients are characterized by the lack of edema fluid accumulation and the appearance of the most basophils at the test site. This suggests that insufficient amounts of lymphokines are being released by the incompetent T lymphocytes, whereas the host is capable of mounting a rejection reaction as evidenced by the appearance of the basophils. Preliminary evidence suggests that the immunologic defect detected by the XGVHR cannot be corrected by monocyte depletion. The identification of putative suppressor T cell subsets may bear immunotherapeutic implications in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Reciprocal influence of the graft vs. host reaction and pregnancy].

The graft versus host reaction (GVHR) was induced in mouse females-hybrids F1 (CBA X C57BL/6) by intravenous injection of suspension of the lymphoid cells of the spleen and of lymphoid nodes from C57BL/6 mouse females. Pregnancy resulted from interbreeding of the test females with syngenic males 1--5 days before, and 1--10, 10--20, 30--40 and more than 40 days after the moment of the lymphoid cells injection, aggravated the GVHR induced transplantation disease. At the same time the GVHR under these conditions decreased the percentage of pregnant animals and brought to child-bearing disfunction of the test animals (stillbirth, death of pregnant females, miscarriage). In some of the test mice aggravation of the GVHR was observed after delivery. Survival of the progeny decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Early cellular events in a systemic graft-vs.-host reaction. I. The migration of responding and nonresponding donor lymphocytes.

A systemic graft-vs.-host (GVH) reaction was initiated by the intravenous injection of parental strain thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) into irradiated F1 hybrid recipients with in-dwelling thoracic duct cannulae. The migration of the donor lymphocytes was followed by labeling them in vitro with either [3H] or [14C]uridine and measuring radioactivity by scintillation counting of the spleen and lymph nodes of the recipients removed 24 h after injection and in TDL collected throughout this period. The localization of labeled cells was always compared to that of a reference population of nonreactive lymphocytes, e.g. F1 hybrid, labeled with the alternative isotope (Fig. 1). A consistent surplus of the reactive label was found in the spleen which was balanced by a deficit of the reactive label in TDL; lymph nodes gave intermediate values. The same distribution pattern was noted when the reference population was a specifically unresponsive population of the parental strain. This differential distribution depends on recognition of the recipient's Ag-B antigens because when normal lymphocytes were injected together with specifically unresponsive lymphocytes into a "third party" F1 hybrid (against which both populations were reactive) there was no surplus of the normal cells in the spleen and no deficit in the lymph. Moreover in an Ag-B identical strain combination there was no detectable difference in the distribution of reactive and nonreactive populations. The distribution of a labeled reaction population can be accounted for if a substantial minority of cells are immobilized in the spleen and lymph nodes as a consequence of antigen recognition (Fig. 3). When the donor cells in the spleen were assayed 24 h after injection there was paradoxically a slight reduction in their specific GVH activity, which is at least partly because they are under-represented in a single cell suspension. The size of the splenic surplus (23%) and the thoracic duct deficit (12%) suggested that the minority of nonimmune lymphocytes which recognize each Ag-B complex carry 12% of the radioactive label in the original population. It is argued that this provides a near estimate of the frequency of T lymphocytes which can recognize each Ag-B antigenic complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The induction of specific resistance in F1 hybrid rats to local graft-vs.-host reactions: nature of the eliciting cell.

A specific state of resistance to local graft-vs.-host (GVH) reactions can be induced in F1 hybrid rats, derived from Ag-B incompatible matings, as a consequence of inoculation with low numbers of parental strain lymphocytes. The magnitude of GVH resistance is markedly and directly dependent upon the number of parental strain lymphocytes used in the pretreatment regimen. The relevant constituents of the resistance-inducing parental cell population are thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes possessing immunologic competence for host alloantigens. B cells, themselves incapable of inducing GVH resistance, adversely effect the induction or display of this effect by T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ly and Ia phenotype of suppressor T cells induced by graft-vs.-host reaction.

Suppressor T cells were generated in (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice undergoing graft-vs.-host (GvH) reaction and treated with anti-Ly and anti-Ia antisera to determine their membrane antigen phenotype. Pretreatment of CBA-induced GvH suppressor T cells with anti-Ly-1.1, anti-Ly-2.1 or anti-Iak antisera plus complement abrogated their suppressive properties when tested against primed F1 spleen cells in vitro. In contrast, concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor T cells were insensitive to anti-Ly-1.1 serum. It is concluded that GvH-induced suppressor T cells are Ly-1+,2+,3+,Ia+, and thus distinct from Con A or antigen-induced suppressor T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis: a quantitative and sensitive assay of the graft-vs.-host reaction.

A new and sensitive assay for the effect of intracutanous administration of immunocompentent lymphocytes into the skin of irradiated unimmunized mice is described. The assay, which we have termed lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis (LIA) involves enumeration of new vascular branches induced by the action of these competent cells. As is the case for the previously described normal lymphocyte transfer reaction, LIA is a manifestation of the graft-vs.-host reaction, as shown by experiments utilizing appropaiate genetic combinations. The reaction is dose-dependent, and within the dose range of 2 times 10 minus 5 -4 times 10-6 cells the mumber of vessels induced correlates with the mumber of immunocompetent cells injected. At these dose levels spleen, lumph node, and hydrocortisone-resistant thymocytes are effective; bone marrow and thymus cells are not. Spleen cells from nude mice are incapable of inducing LIA, while mitomycin-C and irradiated lymphocytes can initiate but not maintain the reaction. The relationship between lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis has been discussed as have the implications of these findings to delayed hypersensitivity, inflammation, and vascular pathology.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Graft-vs-host reaction.

Observations surrounding the clinical manifestations and pathological studies of a neonate who died at 9 weeks of age, indicate that distinctive cutaneous, histopathologic, and ultrastructural findings occur when graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR) complicates combined immune deficiency syndrome (CIDS). The prominence and specificity of the epidermal lesions, particularly a necrotic cell that occurs in association with satellite lymphocytes ("satellite cell necrosis" (SCN)), lead us to recommend that a cutaneous biopsy be performed to facilitate an early definitive diagnosis. Dermatologists can recognize GVHR at the bedside and establish the diagnosis with the pathological findings obtained from the skin biopsy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

[Correlation of splenomegaly and blood picture changes in graft vs host reaction of the mouse].

The early phase of graft-versus-host-reaction is characterized by a rapid decline of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, with a minimum between days 9 and 11, and return to normal until day 20 after spleen cell grafting. Erythrocytes and hematocrit do not change during this period. There is no causal correlation between splenomegaly and lymphopenia. Lymphopenia provides a criterium for experimental graft-versusu-host-reaction equivalent to the spleen-index.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Subpopulations of mouse T lymphocytes. II. Suppression of graft-vs.-host reactions by naturally proliferating splenic T cells.

The immunological role of a naturally proliferating subpopulation of splenic T cells was investigated using the graft-vs.-host (GvH) reaction on the mouse. Normal parental spleen cells, purified splenic T cells or lymph node cells were pulse-treated for one hour in vitro with tritiated thymidine of high specific activity ([3H]dThd, "thymidine suicide"). The treatment specifically and selectively kills proliferating cells which are actively synthesizing DNA, i.e. cells in S phase. Following treatment, the cells were transferred to F1 recipients and the GvH reaction measured by the splenomegaly assay. The results showed that the GvH effector cells in the donor spleen and lymph node are nonproliferating T cells. Furthermore, donor spleen cells treated with [3H]dThd consistently had enhanced GvH reactivity when compared to the controls, while the phytohemagglutinin response of these same treated cell suspensions was significantly inhibited. When purified splenic T cells were used, treatment with [3H]dThd also caused an increase in the GvH reaction, showing that a T cell population was being affected by the cycleactive agent. These results indicated that some naturally proliferating T cells have suppressor functions, and their specific inactivation allows nonproliferating effector T cells to mount a more vigourous GvH reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The allogeneic effect on tumor growth. II. Suppression of both ascitic and solid MOPC 315 plasmacytoma by the graft-vs-host reaction, with pathologic correlation.

The growth of an ascitic murine plasmacytoma, MOPC 315, can be retarded in CAF1 hybrid host mice by the i.p. injection of donor lymphoid cells. The graft-vs-host reaction can be established by a variety of donor cells, including parental BALB/c and A/J and congenic inbred B10.D2 which share the major histocompatibility locus with BALB/c(H-2d). Optimal results are consistently obtained when parental BALB/c spleen cells are injected before tumor inoculation, and a second dose of donor spleen cells injected 1 week later. This aloogeneic effect on tumor growth is manifested by delayed appearance of the tumor and prolonged host survival. Pathologic studies on the ascites tumor indicated that the allogeneic effect suppresses the initial appearance and early growth of the plasmacytoma. However, once established, MOPC 315 grows rapidly and fatally in both control mice and recipients of donor lymphoid cells. Further, a subcutaneous implant of MOPC 315 is suppressed by an allogeneic effect established either i.v. with BALB/c spleen cells before tumor inoculation or by BALB/c spleen cells administered subcutaneously at the time of MOPC 315 implant. Thirty percent of mice treated by i.v. or subcutaneous donor lymphoid cells were tumor free at 150 days after tumor inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Early cellular events in a systemic graft-vs.-host reaction. II. Autoradiographic estimates of the frequency of donor lymphocytes which respond to each Ag-B-determined antigenic complex.

A graft-vs.-host (GVH) reaction was initiated by the intravenous injection of parental strain (AO) lymphocytes into irradiated (AO times HO)F1 or (AO times DA)F1 hybrids. The proportion of donor T cells which had responded to the F1 hybrid antigens within 24 h was estimated by two methods. (a) Donor lymphocytes were labeled with [3H]uridine in vitro before injection. The proportion of labeled cells which had morphologically transformed in the recipient's spleen was 17-19%. In both series of experiments syngeneic transfers were performed in which case the proportion of transformed cells was 1-2.4%. A similar low proportion was found after parental to F1 transfer in a non-Ag-B strain combination. These figures were used to calculate the frequency of responding cells in the injected population given three additional pieces of information: (a) the extent of selection in the spleen which transformed the estimate to 4.5%-6.0% responders; (b) division of donor cells was shown to be negligible under the conditions of the experiment; and (c) the nonspecific recruitment of lymphocytes was shown to be negligible. A speculative model of antigen recognition by T cells which accounts for the high proportion of responders is outlined.

Animals↗