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PubMed2026

Interaction analysis of miRNA and mRNA reveals the regulatory mechanism of immune response in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) spleen to Streptococcus iniae infection.

Streptococcus iniae is a major warm-water pathogen that cause high mortality and severe economic losses in golden pompano industry. In the present study, we performed the mRNA-miRNA integrated transcriptomic analysis of spleen of golden pompano challenged with S. iniae to explore the possible regulatory mechanism to bacterial infection. In total, we excavated 5072 DEGs, of which 2765 up-regulated and 2307 down-regulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were primarily enriched in immune-related pathways, such as proteasome, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, p53 signaling pathway, lysosome, phagosome, Herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to extract hub genes. And the result showed that 4 hub genes, comprising cd4, il10, tnfsf2, myd88, may play vital roles in response to S. iniae infection. Furthermore, a total of 46 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified, containing 23 known and 23 novel DEMs. By integrating mRNA and miRNA joint analysis, we established a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, including 12 miRNAs and 14 genes. Among them, novel-miR-357 were identified as a multi-target hub miRNA. These results provide important insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of immune response and inflammation processes in the defense of golden pompano against S. iniae infection.

Integrative interaction↗
PubMed2026

Antibacterial mechanisms and pathogen-dependent protective effects of the golden pompano LEAP2-derived peptide TroLEAP2-21.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the innate immune system, with liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) playing a pivotal role in fish immunity. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of TroLEAP2-21, a 21-amino-acid short peptide from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), against Gram-positive (Lactococcus garvieae, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi) bacteria. The predicted three-dimensional structure and helical wheel projection of TroLEAP2-21 suggested typical AMP-like physicochemical features. troleap2 expression in the liver and intestine of T. ovatus was significantly upregulated post L. garvieae or V. harveyi infection, suggesting its potential involvement in antibacterial defense. In vitro, TroLEAP2-21 exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains, with membrane disruption, increased membrane permeability, cytoplasmic leakage, and membrane depolarization observed after peptide treatment. Gel retardation assays further indicated species-dependent association of TroLEAP2-21 with bacterial genomic DNA. In vivo, under the tested intraperitoneal injection conditions, TroLEAP2-21 was associated with improved survival and reduced tissue damage in V. harveyi-infected T. ovatus, whereas no significant survival benefit was observed against L. garvieae. Transcriptomic analysis at 48 h post-infection showed transcriptional changes in immune-related DEGs (rsad2, mx1/mx2, il-8) and enrichment of TLR and Jak-STAT signaling pathways at the transcriptional level in peptide-treated fish. FISH showed the tissue localization of tnf-α and nf-κb transcripts and revealed treatment-associated changes in fluorescence signals, and qRT-PCR of eight immune genes supported transcriptomic results in tissues at 48 h post-infection. Collectively, these findings characterize TroLEAP2-21 as a short LEAP2-derived peptide with antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. Its comparative advantages over other LEAP2-related peptides and its practical application potential remain to be further investigated.

AMPs↗
PubMed2026

Uncovering molecular regulatory networks of low-temperature stress response in Trachinotus ovatus via integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses.

Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is one of the most economically important marine fish species in China. It is susceptible to low-temperature stress, which significantly challenges its production and supply. Nevertheless, study on the regulatory mechanisms underlying low-temperature stress responses in golden pompano remains limited. Here, we firstly performed a time-series transcriptome analysis to reconstruct dynamic response patterns under low-temperature stress in golden pompano. Transcriptome profiling identified common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including fos, hlf, and hmgb1, as well as condition-specific DEGs across distinct low-temperature stress groups. Based on cluster analysis, all DEGs were classified into five distinct expression patterns, reflecting diversified regulation of expression in golden pompano during low-temperature stress. Furthermore, condition-specific regulatory modules were explored via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), highlighting that the two module hub genes, serbf2 and lipc, might respond to low-temperature stress by regulating the lipid catabolic process. Subsequently, untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was a significantly enriched common pathway, highlighting its crucial role in mediating the response to low-temperature stress. Finally, by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, a gene-metabolite interaction network associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism under low-temperature stress was established. These findings underscore the significance of multiple candidate genes and glycerophospholipid metabolism in golden pompano's response to low-temperature stress, thereby laying a solid molecular foundation for the development of low-temperature-tolerant fish strains.

Animals↗