[Glove + glove = protective glove?].
Based on the results of his investigation into the imperviousness of medical gloves the author proved, whether it is possible to obtain more safety by wearing two gloves each hand.
Communicable Disease Control↗
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Results for “Gloves, Protective”
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[Protective gloves. Proven protective measures with a new look].
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Communicable Disease Control↗
Touch sensitivity with sterile standard surgical gloves and single-use protective gloves.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate touch sensitivity and static two-point discrimination of the dominant index and middle finger in 20 anaesthetists wearing no gloves, single-use protective gloves or sterile standard surgical gloves. Semmes-Weinstein filaments were used to measure cutaneous pressure thresholds, and a Two-Point-Discriminator to estimate static two-point discrimination. Wearing gloves significantly reduced touch sensitivity (p < 0.01), but not two-point discrimination. No difference in touch sensitivity or two-point discrimination was found between different types of gloves. The results of our study suggest that the additional cost of sterile standard surgical gloves can not be justified in terms of touch sensitivity.
Anesthesiology↗
Prevention of occupational skin disease through use of chemical protective gloves.
Selection of chemical protective gloves for use against industrial liquids in the controlled workplace is accomplished by risk analysis, in which the appropriate physical and chemical glove properties needed by the worker to perform the job are determined. Candidate protective gloves are then subjected to chemical permeation testing. Three representative case studies illustrate risk analysis and glove selection.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Laboratory simulation of splashes and spills of organophosphate insecticides on chemically protective gloves used in agriculture.
Agricultural workers rely on chemically protective gloves for protection from dermal exposure to insecticides. In Australia the most widely used gloves are manufactured from polyvinyl chloride or nitrile butadiene rubber. During insecticide application splashes and spills frequently occur on the external surfaces of gloves which may compromise the integrity of the membrane. Interaction of two organophosphate insecticides, chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 500 EC(R)) and diazinon (Jetdip(R)), with glove surfaces was investigated in laboratory conditions. The external surface of gloves was treated with concentrated insecticides for one minute and diluted and concentrated insecticides for 24, 36 and 48 hours and later examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Two classes of defects, cavities and convexities, were evident in the polyvinyl chloride gloves following all treatments, whereas cracking was significant in the nitrile butadiene rubber gloves after 24 hours. In addition, X-ray energy-dispersive microanalysis was used to evaluate chemical changes on the glove surfaces. Phosphorus and sulfur were useful indicators for organophosphate retention over specific time frames. Results corroborated the need for more robust chemically protective gloves to be developed for routine agricultural use.
Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
The value and limitations of protective gloves in medical health service: Part I.
The value of protective gloves in the health care environment is well known. However, these gloves are not perfect. Some are permeable to microorganisms and various chemicals, and/or result in side effects for health care professionals. Gloves that offer the greatest protection and least side effects are highly desirable. Field of application rules and regulations, materials and manufacturing, and test methods of protective gloves are described in Part I of this three part series.
Equipment Failure↗
[Protective gloves].
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Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
Technical note: an assessment of X-ray protective gloves.
An assessment of X-ray protective gloves is reported which demonstrates that a significant degree of protection from X-ray exposure can be offered by these gloves. The need for such protection, together with the method of assessment is discussed. It is recommended that X-ray protective gloves are considered when undertaking image intensifier work.
Gloves, Protective↗
A novel method of assessing the effectiveness of protective gloves--results from a pilot study.
We have devised a novel method for evaluating the effectiveness of protective gloves and have undertaken a small study to assess this approach. Three types of glove were tested in a standardised simulation test with a permethrin-based pesticide. Prewashed cotton gloves were used to collect the samples. One was worn over the protective glove on one hand to measure the potential deposition of pesticide on the hands had the gloves not been worn. A second was placed under the protective glove on the opposite hand to measure the actual deposition of permethrin on the hands when the gloves were worn. This regime was reversed half way through each test in an attempt to prevent bias. Measurable inner glove contamination occurred on 25 out of 30 occasions. Geometric mean protection factors were calculated from the ratio of outer and inner sampling glove contamination, with average protection factors of 470, 200 and 96 being obtained for the two nitrile and PVC gloves, respectively. The PVC gloves were the least effective in preventing inner glove contamination, probably because the glove was thick and fairly inflexible, causing more pesticide to enter the glove around the cuff. Although the tasks were standardised, variability occurred due to worker behaviour and equipment failure. The spray pump failed on five occasions, resulting in higher levels of inner glove contamination and a geometric mean protection factor of 32. On the occasions when the pump worked correctly, the level of protection provided by the gloves rose dramatically with mean protection factors of 220 and 450 being obtained for workers categorised as "messy" and "tidy", respectively.
Analysis of Variance↗
Percutaneous absorption of 3 organic solvents in the guinea pig (IV). Effect of protective gloves.
The efficacy of 3 protective glove materials against percutaneous absorption of organic solvents was investigated in the guinea pig. All 3 materials gave a reduction in blood concentration of the solvents, particularly in the early phase of exposure. Of the tested materials, butyl rubber showed the best protective effect, followed by PVC and natural rubber. Gloves of polymeric material can be considered as offering sufficient protection against percutaneous absorption of organic solvents only if their selection is based on results obtained in a controlled and adequately performed test.
1-Butanol↗
Comparative study on protective gloves for handling cytotoxic medicines: a model study with carmustine.
The quality of protective gloves was studied. Protective gloves are part of the personal safety equipment for staff handling cytotoxic drugs. A study using raster electron microscopic photography, measurement of thickness by micrometer screw and permeability of carmustine by high pressure liquid chromatographic assay was carried out. The results show differences between different types of gloves.
Carmustine↗
Role of protective gloves in the causation and treatment of occupational irritant contact dermatitis.
Irritant contact dermatitis of the hands is a significant occupational problem. Management primarily involves cessation of exposure to hazardous substances. Protective gloves can reduce or eliminate exposure of the hands to hazardous substances if used correctly, but if not selected and used correctly, protective gloves can actually cause or worsen irritant contact dermatitis of the hands by increasing exposure of the hands to hazardous chemicals. We present two cases of occupational irritant contact dermatitis of the hands caused by incorrect use of protective gloves. Glove failure can occur by penetration, permeation, or contamination, and all 3 mechanisms were operative in these cases. These cases demonstrate that correct use of gloves is at least as important as selection of gloves made of the appropriate material. By understanding mechanisms of glove failure, clinicians can make more appropriate recommendations for the selection and use of protective gloves in the workplace.
Adult↗
Modeling organic solvents permeation through protective gloves.
Several researchers have studied the diffusion of organic solvents through chemical protective gloves and have estimated the diffusion coefficients by using various models. In this study, permeation experiments of benzene, toluene, and styrene through nitrile and Neoprene gloves were conducted using the ASTM F-739 standard test method. The diffusion coefficients were estimated using several models from the literature. Using a one-dimensional diffusion equation based on Fick's second law and the estimated diffusion coefficients, the permeation concentrations were simulated and compared with the experimental results. The modeling results indicated that the solubility of the solvent in the glove materials obtained by immersion tests was not an appropriate boundary condition for organic solvent permeation through the polymer gloves. The modeling work of this study will assist industrial hygienists to assess exposure of chemicals to workers through the chemical protective gloves.
Diffusion↗
Quantification of surface defects on chemically protective gloves following their use in agriculture.
Chemically protective gloves are one of the most widely used barriers against hand exposure to pesticide contamination available to workers in primary industry. Polyvinyl chloride and nitrile butadiene rubber gloves were collected from four typical agricultural enterprises in Tasmania. Surface images of new and used gloves, up to 1000 x magnification, were obtained from an environmental scanning electron microscope and were used to classify defects, such as cracks, crazes, cavities, convexities, smooth areas and slumps. Some defects, e.g. cracks, were related to the working life of the gloves, whereas others, e.g. slumps, were associated with the manufacturing process. After viewing, the gloves were analysed by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Phosphorus and sulfur peaks were indicative of pesticide retention. Rinsates from the interior of used polyvinyl chloride gloves were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pesticide traces were found suggesting inadequate protection against dermal exposure. It is concluded that these gloves were unable to withstand the rigours of agricultural work because of the nature of the surface defects and they were contaminated with pesticides, outside and inside. Thus, their management needs improvement.
Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
[Permeability of protective gloves to (di)methacrylates in resinous dental materials].
Dentists may develop contact allergy induced by handling resinous dental materials. Vinyl and latex gloves may provide protection against the monomers of these materials during the time it takes for a monomer to permeate the glove. The passage times and rates of penetration of four commonly used (di)methacrylates, HEMA, TEGDMA, BISGMA and UEDMA for 11 protective gloves were measured. The passage time in vinyl gloves for HEMA and TEGDMA was about 2 min, and around 20 min for BISGMA and UEDMA. The rates of penetration of HEMA and TEGDMA in vinyl gloves were between 1 and 4 mumol.min-1.cm-2. The passage times of HEMA and TEGDMA through most of the latex and modified latex gloves were between 5 and 8 min and the rates of penetration between 0.5 and 1 mumol.min-1.cm-2. Latex and modified latex gloves provide protection against BISGMA and UEDMA in 80 min or more with one exception (Elastyrene), which burst after about 50 min in contact with the resins. Of the tested gloves Ansell, Neutralon, Mediglove and Biogel D provide protection against HEMA and TEGDMA for at least 5 min.
Composite Resins↗
On permeability of methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate through protective gloves in dentistry.
Continuous glove use is more common in dentistry than in most other occupations, and the glove should offer protection against blood-borne infections, skin irritants and contact allergens. Methacrylate monomers are potent contact allergens, and it is known that these substances may penetrate the glove materials commonly used. The aim of this study was to assess the permeability of various types of gloves to methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) with special reference to combinations with ethanol or acetone. The permeation rate and time lag breakthrough (lag-BT) for MMA (neat, or diluted to 30% in ethanol or acetone), HEMA (30% in water, ethanol, or acetone) and TEGDMA (30% in ethanol or acetone) were investigated for different protective gloves. Nine different types of gloves were tested for one or several of these methacrylates. The lag-BT for neat MMA was </= 2 min for all gloves. For 30% MMA in ethanol or acetone, the latex gloves and the polyethene-copolymer glove showed the best protection, but the lag-BTs were short for all gloves. For HEMA and TEGDMA, the lag-BTs were generally longer than for MMA. A neoprene glove seemed to be the best choice for protection against penetration of HEMA and TEGDMA. The decision on which types of gloves to use should also take into account the risks of latex allergy and contact allergy to rubber chemicals and the convenience of the gloves for fine manual work.
Acetone↗
Effect of protective gloves on hand movement: an exploratory study.
This exploratory study was conducted to determine whether wearing protective gloves limits the range of motion that the hand can complete. The kinematic motion of the hand/wrist/forearm of two participants was analysed during the performance of two tasks typical of pesticide applicators. High-speed cinematography was used to collect data which were then digitized and combined to produce three-dimensional data. Graphs of the transformed data showed that in comparison with the barehanded state, the protective glove decreased the abduction/adduction and supination/pronation ranges that the hand could complete. Extension/flexion did not appear to be affected. Overall, kinematic motion of the hand appeared to decrease while wearing protective gloves.
Journal Article↗
Permeability of protective gloves to (di)methacrylates in resinous dental materials.
Dentists may develop contact allergy induced by handling resinous dental materials, and vinyl and latex gloves may provide protection against the monomers of these materials only during the time it takes for a monomer to permeate the glove. The passage times and rates of penetration of four commonly used (di)methacrylates--HEMA, TEGDMA, BISGMA, and UEDMA--for 11 protective gloves were measured. The passage time for HEMA and TEGDMA through vinyl gloves was 1-3 min, and around 20 min for BISGMA and UEDMA. The rate of penetration of HEMA and TEGDMA in vinyl gloves was 0.5-4.5 mumol.min-1.cm-2. The passage time of HEMA and TEGDMA through most of the latex or the modified latex gloves was 5-8 min and the rate of penetration 0.5-3.1 mumol.min-1.cm-2. Latex or modified latex gloves provide a protection against BISGMA and UEDMA for 80 min or more with one exception (Elastyrene), which burst after about 50 min in contact with the resins. Of the tested gloves Ansell, Neutralon, Mediglove, and Biogel D provide protection against HEMA and TEGDMA for at least 5 min.
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗