Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Gentiana”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Studies on the constituents of Gentiana species. II. A new triterpenoid, and (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-gentiolactones from Gentiana lutea.

A new triterpenoid, 12-ursene-3beta, 11alpha-diol 3-O-palmitate (1), has been isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Gentiana lutea, together with the artificial diene derivative, 9 (11), 12-ursadien-3beta-ol 3-O-palmitate (1a) and five known compounds (3-7). Their structures were established on the basis of spectral analysis. In addition, (+/-)-gentiolactone [(+/-)-2], isolated from this plant, was successfully separated into its enantiomers [(+)-2, (-)-2] for the first time, and the absolute configurations at C-9 of (+)-2, (-)-2 were assigned as S and R, respectively, from the optical rotations and the circular dichroism (CD) spectral data.

Gentiana↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of gentiana violet against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)].

The bactericidal effect of gentiana violet against MRSA isolated from clinical specimens was studied both in vitro and in vivo. The results obtained are as follows: 1) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of gentiana violet to MRSA was between 0.0025% and 0.08% and the MBC was not influenced even if 25% human whole serum exists in the medium. 2) The number of cells were 2.1 x 10(7) CFU/ml in medium which decreased to 5.4 x 10(4) CFU/ml within 5 min by existing 0.1% gentiana violet in the medium as the final concentration, and also decreased under 10(3) CFU/ml 15 min later. 3) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentiana violet to MRSA was between 0.00015% and 0.00063%, and the inhibitory activity was not influenced even if gentiana violet was incubated with the bacteria in the medium for 72 hr at 37 degrees C. 4) By using an ointment containing 0.1% gentiana violet to 12 cases of patients with the MRSA infected skin lesions, MRSA was eliminated completely from the infected areas of the skin within 4 weeks. 5) The side effects of gentiana violet were not observed in all cases during the use of the ointment containing gentiana violet. It is suggested that gentiana violet may be one of the useful drugs for the treatment of the skin lesions infected with MRSA.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Isolation of iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides and comparative study on Radix gentianae and related adulterants by HPLC analysis.

HPLC profile guided study led to the isolation of an acylated secoiridoid glycoside, named gentiotrifloroside (1), together with six known compounds, i.e., loganic acid (2), 6-O-beta-d-glucopyranosylgentiopicroside (3), swertiamarin (4), gentiopicroside (5), sweroside (6) and 2 -(o,m-dihydroxybenzyl)-sweroside (7) from Gentiana triflora and Gentiana rigescens. The structure of 1 was deduced from one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic experiments. Compounds 1-7 were used successfully as chemical markers for the comparison of the four species of Gentiana used as Radix gentianae. Additionally, differentiation of Gentiana species mentioned and those used as adulterants was evaluated. The close similarity of chemical composition among the four genuine Gentiana species explain their popular usage as R. gentianae in Chinese medicine. We have also shown that the variation of chemical composition in R. gentianae and related adulterants agree well with their botanical phylogeny.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Comparative botanical and phytochemical investigations on the Gentiana species native to Hungary].

The aim of this work was to compare the three Gentiana species native to Hungary (Gentiana asclepiadea L., Gentiana pneumonanthe L. and Gentiana cruciata L.--all protected) based on their botanical and phytochemical properties. Furthermore we planned the exploration of the biodiversity of these species and the examination of the correlations of the variable elements observed to establish the importance of these factors. Morphological, histological and phytochemical investigations were made. A new analytical method was developed through the systematic optimization of sample preparation and chromatographic (HPLC-DAD) separation. The results of the morphological, histological and phytochemical investigations were analysed by multivariate exploratory techniques. Based on our results, the investigated species can be distinguished as they are strongly heterogenous regarding certain morphological, histological and phytochemical characteristics. We made the first study on the biodiversity of these Gentiana species in their whole habitat in Hungary. Based on the results of the investigations mentioned above, distinct interspecific variability was found, in addition some results showed significant intraspecific variability as well. Numerous correlations were revealed between the variable characteristics, for example significant relationship was found between the average gentiopicroside content of the underground parts of Gentiana cruciata on the biotopes and the slope of the biotope. The knowledge of this variability and these correlations can be a benefit during the introduction and the improvement of medicinal plants with high contents of agents.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

[Primary study on the electrophoresis atlas of the PCR products of the internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene from home-planted and wild Gentiana macrophylla, G. straminea].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the electrophoresis atlas of the PCR amplified products of the internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene in DNA extracted from home-planted and wild Gentiana macrophylla, G. straminea in Gansu. METHODS: With synthetic peculiar PCR primer, internal transcribed spacerl sequences of rRNA gene were amplified in DNA extracted from home-planted and wild Gentiana macrophylla, G. straminea. And then the electrophoretic atlas of nPCR amplified products on the agar sugar gel were analysed. RESULT: The electrophoresis atlas showed that the lengths of the internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene in DNA from Gentiana macrophylla, G. straminea had the same region 360 bp. The length had enough genetic information to analyse base sequence. CONCLUSION: The PCR amplified products electrophoretic atlas of internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene in DNA from Gentiana macrophylla, G. straminea can be used as one of signs for identification on molecule level.

DNA, Plant↗
PubMed2004

Inhibitory effects of the Gentiana macrophylla (Gentianaceae) extract on rheumatoid arthritis of rats.

Acute treatment of rheumatoid rats with an extract from the roots of Gentiana macrophylla (Gentianaceae) produced a significant inhibitory effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). When rats were administered the Gentiana macrophylla extract orally at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels in the inflammatory tissues, sole thickness, and ankle circumferences of feet were significantly decreased. The anti-inflammatory activity observed in Gentiana macrophylla is comparable to that observed in prednisone. These observations suggest that Gentiana macrophylla displays considerable potency in anti-inflammatory action and could be used as an anti-inflammatory agent in the control of inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Observation on the treatment of systemic lupus erythematous with a Gentiana macrophylla complex tablet and a minimal dose of prednisone].

Sixty-two cases of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) treated with Tab. Gentiana macrophylla complex 5 tablets three times per day or 10 tablets twice per day and prednisone 10-30 mg per day were reported. As controls, 19 cases of SLE were treated with prednisone alone at the same time. The results showed complete remission in 86.46% (50/62) cases in the observation group and 31.57% (6/19) cases in the control group. Eight cases of SLE treated with Tab. Gentiana m. complex alone also achieved complete remission in 6 cases and improvement in 2. There was very significant statistical difference between the two groups (P less than 0.001). The Tab. Gentiana m. complex was more effective on the improvement of nephropathy, arthralgia, erythema and restoration of ESR, LE cells and CH50, C3 than prednisone alone. No apparent side effects of Tab. Gentiana m. complex were found in this observation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effects of Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra on the central nervous system in mice.

A methanolic extact of Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra roots has been investigated for its possible effects on the central nervous system of mice. At doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg (i.p.), the methanol extract of Gentiana roots caused a significant increase in the swimming endurance test and exhibited slight analgesic activity, but no lethality in mice suggesting some activity on the central nervous system. However, there was no indication of sedation or muscular fatigue at the doses employed. HPLC analysis showed that three secoiridoid compounds, gentiopicroside, swertiamarine and sweroside were present and may have been responsible for the CNS effects of the methanol extract of Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra roots.

Analgesics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Restriction mapping and variability of 18S-25S ribosomal genes in some species of Gentiana genus].

Mapping of rRNA genes in four species of Gentiana genus has been carried out by blot-hybridization method using some restriction endonucleases. The following characteristics of Gentiana rDNA structural organization have been revealed: 1) interspecific and intragenomic variability of the length of ribosomic repeats; 2) conservativity of the transcribed region; 3) variability of the length and location of Hind-III site in non-transcribed spacer; 4) interspecific variability of the number of copies. Comparative analysis of the constructed restriction maps of Gentiana species and some other plants revealed the similarity of restriction site location in the transcribed DNA region.

DNA, Plant↗
PubMed1996

Modulation of microsomal cytochrome P450 by Scutellariae Radix and Gentianae scabrae Radix in rat liver.

The present study has determined the effects of Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) and Gentianae scabrae Radix (Longdan) on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450)-dependent mono-oxygenases using rats pretreated with crude extracts of medicinal herbs. Scutellariae Radix resulted in a 53% decrease of pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity in liver microsomes. In contrast, Gentianae scabrae Radix caused a 50% increase of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity. Immunoblotting analysis of liver microsomes revealed that Scutellariae Radix induced and suppressed the levels of P450 1A and 2B proteins, respectively. Scutellariae and Gentianae scabrae Radixes had no effects on microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity and P450 2E1 protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Purification and partial characterization of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from Gentiana triflora flowers.

Reduced form of nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome P450 reductase was solubilized from a microsomal fraction of Gentiana triflora flowers by 3-[(3 Cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate detergent and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The purification was achieved by adenosine 2', 5'-bisphosphate-Sepharose chromatography, followed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. A Mr value of 82,000 was obtained by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Western blot analysis showed that the purified protein cross-reacted with polyclonal antibody raised against rabbit anti-Gentiana triflora NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase antibodies. The temperature and pH optimum for reduction of cytochrome c was 25 degrees C and 7.4 respectively. The Km values for the binding of NADPH and cytochrome c were 9.4 and 3.2 microM, respectively. In this paper, we present some results of the purification and partial characterization of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from Gentiana triflora flowers.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Two different transposable elements inserted in flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase gene contribute to pink flower coloration in Gentiana scabra.

Pink-flowered gentian plants (Gentiana scabra) have been bred from spontaneous mutations of blue-flowered gentian plants, but the formation mechanism(s) is unknown so far. To investigate the process, two independent pink-flowered gentian plant lines were analyzed by a molecular biological approach. HPLC analysis showed that petals of the blue-flowered cultivar contained a small amount of cyanidin derivatives and major delphinidin derivatives, whereas pink petals had only a small amount of cyanidin derivatives. To find the causal factor(s) of this change, we focused on flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3',5'H), which is a key enzyme for delphinidin biosynthesis in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Molecular analyses confirmed that the loss of delphinidin synthesis could be attributed to the insertions of different transposable elements in the F3',5'H gene in each independent pink-flowered gentian plant. Sequence analysis showed that these transposable elements were classified into an hAT superfamily and terminal-repeat retrotransposon in miniature (TRIM), by which normal F3',5'H transcripts were interrupted. Southern blot analysis indicated that they belong to high copy number elements and are also found in a related gentian species (G. triflora). These results suggest that the transposable elements inserted in F3',5'H are the source of the mutations and may also play a substantial role in the genomic evolution of the genus Gentiana.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

The xanthones gentiacaulein and gentiakochianin are responsible for the vasodilator action of the roots of Gentiana kochiana.

Gentiana kochiana Perr. et Song. (Gentianaceae), a plant used in the traditional medicine of Tuscany (Italy) as antihypertensive remedy, exerts a vasodilator action on in vitro aortic rings that is probably linked to the blocking of the ryanodine-sensitive Ca++ channels. In the present study, three known xanthones were isolated from the crude methanolic extract of the roots: gentiacaulein, gentiakochianin, and swertiaperennin. The first two showed a vasorelaxing activity in rat aortic preparations, pre-contracted by 3 microM norepinephrine (pIC50 = 5.00 +/- 0.032 for gentiacaulein, pIC50 = 4.95 +/- 0.068 for gentiakochianin), 20 mM KCl (pIC50 = 4.90 +/- 0.15 for gentiacaulein; 4.59 +/- 0.069 for gentiakochianin), or 5 mM caffeine; on the contrary, in the same conditions, swertiaperennin did not show any vasodilator effect. In conclusion, gentiacaulein and gentiakochianin seem to be the compounds responsible for the vasorelaxing properties of the crude extract of Gentiana kochiana roots.

Animals↗