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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Sense and sensitivity: developing a gender issues perspective in medical education.

As part of a larger project focused on integrating women's health issues and gender issues into undergraduate medical education in Canada, the question of what is actually meant by a "gender issues perspective" in medical education was explored. Clinical experience, discussions with colleagues, and exposure to a variety of medical education resources reinforced the complexity of the subject and demonstrated the difficulty in making amorphous ideas concrete. Eight dimensions encompass the key concepts underlying a gender issues perspective. Practical applications highlight the usefulness of these suggested dimensions in making sense of and bringing sensitivity to this complex subject.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Gender in medical curricula: course organizer views of a gender-issues perspective in medicine in Sweden.

While there is growing awareness of the importance of gender issues in medicine, with new knowledge and new perspectives intensely debated, reports on the implementation of gender issues into medical curricula are scarce. In 1996, the Medical Faculty of Göteborg University, Sweden, determined that a gender-issues perspective be included in medical education. In 1999, course organizers from preclinical and clinical departments of the faculty were interviewed to determine whether they felt that a gender-issues perspective had contributed to their scientific field and, if so, how they implemented it in their teaching. The interviews revealed varied opinions on the relevance of this perspective in medicine. These variations followed gender division rather than that of preclinicians/clinicians. Thus, female gender was overwhelming for inspiring and introducing a gender-issues perspective both scientifically and practically. Positivism is firmly established in medicine and this must be taken into consideration when introducing a more culturally- and socially-based understanding of sex/gender issues. Female gender is important in this process, but successful implementation requires thorough faculty support and participation of male colleagues and students.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

The gay librarian: a comparative analysis of attitudes towards professional gender issues.

Librarianship is a feminized profession, and like teaching, nursing, and social work with which it shares the occupational traits of a "semi-profession," its low status and prestige have been attributed to a negative feminine image. To date, discussion of a corresponding male librarian image, general male issues, and the broader topic of gender issues has been minimal within the profession, while serious discussion of gay male librarians and their professional identity has been virtually nil. This study compares the responses of straight and self-identified gay males to an exploratory survey of male members of the American Library Association. The topics covered by the survey include reasons for entry into the field, the existence and identity of a male librarian stereotype, and gender issues generally, including gender stratification of work and sexual discrimination and/or harassment. Self-identified gay subjects share many characteristics in common with the straight cohort, including the identification of a gay male stereotype and some denial surrounding gender equity issues. On the other hand, the tentative findings of this exploratory study raise the question of whether both gay and straight male subjects overestimate the number of gay men in librarianship. The report concludes with an update on gay issues within the profession since the survey was completed, and recommendations for further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Psychoanalytic contributions to the study of gender issues.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the issue of gender development and its applications and implications with respect to dynamic psychiatry. METHOD: Gender study is approached in this paper as a continually evolving process of thinking about male and female attributes, similarities, and differences. The paper reviews a specific thematic area of the extensive literature on the subject. RESULTS: Gendered psychosexual development and identity construction are intertwined and determined by multibiopsychosocial factors. Freud's theory on femininity is briefly reviewed from the perspective of new theoretical developments. CONCLUSIONS: The paper highlights the fact that gender is becoming a useful conceptual tool in clinical practice, teaching, and neurosciences.

Female↗
PubMed2003

[Consideration of gender issues in German-language public health research: results of a survey of public health projects].

OBJECTIVES: The project "Gender Bias-Gender Research" investigates how far gender issues are considered in German-language public health research. The contribution presents the results of the survey of all current and terminated projects, which were carried out in the German public health research combines. METHODS: The especially developed questionnaire is based on a manual of the Canadian Ministry of Health and considered two main topics: the own research work and the estimate of the necessity for gender specific research. The questionnaire was sent to 317 public health projects between May and August 2000, the response rate was 58.4%. RESULTS: The results show a consciousness for the necessity for the inclusion of gender issues, but this is not consistently considered it in the own research. In particular the conclusions don't show appropriate consideration of women and men. CONCLUSIONS: The results illustrate that women and men have to be concerned in the entire research process and not only in the sampling procedures. This should be regarded from the researchers themselves as well as the foundation of research and the publisher of results.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Gender issues among South African anaesthetists.

OBJECTIVE: To study gender issues among South African anaesthetists. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: A postal survey of all registered anaesthetists in South Africa in December 1999. RESULTS: There were 385 respondents out of a potential 960, giving a response rate of 40%; 77 respondents (20%) were female and 308 (80%) were male. The largest group of males was over 50 years old whereas most females were under 50 years. Most respondents chose anaesthesia because of academic appeal or career opportunities. More females reported experiencing sexual harassment and felt discriminated against in terms of job selection during the training period and with regard to referral practices. Most respondents felt that their colleagues did not treat them differently on account of gender but more females felt that both patients and female nurses treated them less favourably than their male colleagues. More males felt supported in their career by their life partners. More females felt that having children adversely affected academic and promotional aspects of their careers. Despite this, females were more likely to have experienced positive benefits from combining parenting with a career and were also more likely to have worked part time, mainly because of domestic commitments. Most respondents were satisfied with their careers, and would choose both medicine and anaesthesia again. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that female anaesthetists are generally satisfied with their career choice. However, they are exposed to significant gender-related stresses in the workplace, which are exacerbated by time conflicts for those with children. Allowing part-time employment options and creating a less discriminating environment would enable female doctors to achieve their potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Reactions to repeated STD infections: psychosocial aspects and gender issues in Zimbabwe.

This study explores psychosocial and gender issues related to multiple STD infections within the context of marriage. Thirty men and thirty women, currently married and attending a municipal clinic for treatment for repeated STD infections were interviewed. A semi-structured interview schedule was administered to explore themes of knowledge and beliefs about STDs, psychological reactions to repeated infections and power aspects of sexuality. It was found that men and women differed in how they interpreted and reacted to multiple STD infections. There was clear evidence of women's lack of power to negotiate safe sex within marriage and of the lack of social support networks for infected women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Gender issues and multiple sclerosis.

Gender-related issues in multiple sclerosis include the important and widely accepted clinical observations that men are less susceptible to the disease than women and also that disease activity in multiple sclerosis is decreased during late pregnancy. This article reviews mechanisms underlying each of these clinical observations and discusses the role of sex hormones in each. Specifically, the protective role of testosterone in young men and the protective role of the pregnancy hormone estriol in pregnant women are discussed. Rationale for novel therapies in multiple sclerosis based on the protective roles of these sex hormones is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Integrating gender on multiple levels: a conceptual model for teaching gender issues in family therapy.

As the field of family therapy has evolved, there has been growing recognition as to the importance of gender in family therapy. To prepare the next generation of family therapists adequately, it is important that they recognize the many and complex ways in which gender permeates their work. In this article we present an integrative model to help educators teach family therapists about gender issues. The model examines how gender influences clinical work on multiple levels, including contextual levels such as society and the marriage and family therapy field. The model also acknowledges how gender can influence individuals, including clients, therapists, and supervisors. Finally, the model attempts to capture the complexity of how gender can impact the relational dynamics between two or more individuals.

Family Therapy↗
PubMed1992

Gender issues in the treatment of abusers of alcohol, nicotine, and other drugs.

This review considers gender issues in the recent literature for alcohol, nicotine, and other psychoactive drug abuse and for each of the three drug types reports: (1) the ratio of men to women treated; (2) gender differences in treatment outcome; (3) whether the senior author's gender is related to the gender ratio of subjects in studies; and (4) the percentage of studies reporting methodological variables by gender (e.g., dropouts, outcome). No evidence for sex differences was obtained for any drug class. However, despite the recognized importance of gender as a treatment variable, the majority (72%) of studies failed to address gender differences in treatment outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Unpacking the burden: gender issues in anaesthesia.

A survey carried out by the Australian Society of Anaesthetists explored gender issues in the personal and professional lives of anaesthetists. Issues highlighted include training and career paths, combining anaesthetic training with domestic responsibilities, personal relationships, pregnancy and childrearing, private practice, part-time work, parental leave, the single anaesthetist, doctor spouses, sexual harassment, and negative attitudes in colleagues. Particular problems were identified in the training years, in part-time work, in private practice, and in combining parental and domestic responsibilities with a career in anaesthesia. Strategies to address relevant issues are discussed, with reference to the increasing proportion of women in medicine and anaesthesia.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2004

Sex and gender issues and venous thromboembolism.

At least 250,000 episodes of VTE leading to hospitalization or death are estimated to occur in the United States each year. A number of clinical and demographic risk factors for VTE are recognized,with the latter including both age and race. Overall,the incidence of VTE does not appear to vary significantly by sex, as evidenced by a lack of consistency in the magnitude and even direction of effect of sex in a variety of epidemiologic studies of varying design. Several studies have shown a higher incidence among women than men during childbearing age. The issue of a gender effect on the natural history of VTE has not been well studied. The main influence of gender on VTE is the relationship between female gender and several well-recognized clinical risk factors for VTE:oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, estrogen receptor modulator therapy, and pregnancy. Hormonal therapies are associated with a twofold to threefold increase in VTE incidence. Risk is higher with some formulations than others, during initial use, and among women who are obese, smoke, or have one of several forms of heritable thrombophilia. The pregnant state is associated with a threefold to fivefold increase in VTE risk, and thromboembolism is a major cause of peripartum death. Heritable thrombophilias are also important co-determinants of VTE risk in pregnancy. The mechanisms through which pregnancy and hormonal therapies increase VTE risk have not been definitively established, but hormonal effects on levels of coagulation and anticoagulation factors likely play a role. Venous compression and venous injury also contribute to increased risk during pregnancy and the puerperium. Approaches to diagnosis of VTE in the pregnant woman are largely the same as in the nonpregnant patient, but special treatment considerations do apply. Warfarin is embryopathic, particularly between the 6th and 12th weeks of pregnancy, and should be avoided in favor or heparin or low-molecular weight heparin when treatment of the pregnant woman is necessary. Guidelines have been published to assist the clinician in decision making about prophylaxis of pregnant women at increased risk or pregnancy-related or post-partum VTE.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Gender issues in pulmonary vascular disease.

Gender differences in pulmonary vascular diseases, as exemplified by primary pulmonary hypertension and scleroderma-related pulmonary hypertension, are not well-explained; however, in general terms, they seem to be related to a combination of genetic predispositions and gender-specific environmental triggers. More information is needed in both areas with respect to mechanisms of disease. More information also is needed about possible gender differences in disease presentation,course, and response to treatments.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed2002

Gender issues and socially disadvantaged women.

Gender differences in overcoming barriers to mental health care for affective disorders have not been studied. Further, the role of mental health care for parents as it affects child outcomes is important but currently not well studied. In particular, care for disadvantaged young women is an area in need of further research.

Cost of Illness↗
PubMed1997

Victimization and perpetration rates of violence in gay and lesbian relationships: gender issues explored.

This study explores gender differences in victimization and perpetration experiences of gays and lesbians in intimate relationships. A sample of 283 gays and lesbians reported on their experiences both as victims and perpetrators of gay/lesbian relationship violence by completing a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus, Gelles, & Steinmetz, 1980). General results indicate that 47.5% of lesbians and 29.7% of gays have been victimized by a same-sex partner. Further, lesbians reported an overall perpetration rate of 38% compared to 21.8% for gay men. Other findings were as follows: (1) lesbians were more likely to be classified as victims and perpetrators of violence than gay men; (2) lesbians were more likely to report pushing or being pushed than gay men; (3) lesbians reported experiencing a greater number of different victimization and perpetration tactics than gay men; and finally, (4) when items were weighted to create an indicator of severity, no significant differences between lesbians and gay men were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Learning to care: gender issues for male nursing students.

The following article is a description of one aspect of a phenomenological research study designed to investigate the lived experience of male nursing students as they learned to care as nurses. Data-collection strategies included paradigm case narratives and interviews. Data analysis was characterized by four major strategies: analysis, synthesis, criticism, and understanding. These strategies were used to identify meanings of the text of transcribed interviews and to generate interpretive commentary. Learning to care was described by the participants as a complex entity that incorporates the gender of the student, the patient, the teacher, and the nurse. As students progressed through the program, their experience of gender issues in learning to care was shaped by personal experiences, the expectations of a predominantly female faculty and nursing staff, and their evolving understanding of the ways of caring that are gender based.

Adolescent↗