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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Detection of corn intrinsic and recombinant DNA fragments and Cry1Ab protein in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified corn Bt11.

Genetically modified corn has been approved as an animal feed in several countries, but information about the fate of genetically modified DNA and protein in vivo is insufficient. Genetically modified corn Bt11 is developed by inserting a recombinant DNA sequence encoding insecticidal Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. We examined the presence of corn intrinsic and recombinant cry1Ab gene by PCR, and the Cry1Ab protein by immunological tests in the gastrointestinal contents of five genetically modified corn Bt11-fed and five nongenetically modified corn-fed pigs. Fragments of corn zein (242 bp), invertase (226 bp) and of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase genes (1,028 bp) were detected in the gastrointestinal contents of both Bt11 and nongenetically modified corn-fed pigs. Fragments of recombinant cry1Ab gene (110 bp and 437 bp) were detected in the gastrointestinal contents of the Bt11-fed pigs but not in the control pigs. Neither corn intrinsic nor cry1Ab gene fragments were detected in the peripheral blood by PCR. The gastrointestinal contents were positive for Cry1Ab protein by ELISA, immunochromatography, and immunoblot; however, these methods did not work for blood and precluded conclusions about any potential absorption of the protein. These results suggest that ingested corn DNA and Cry1Ab protein were not totally degraded in the gastrointestinal tract, as shown by their presence in a form detectable by PCR or immunological tests.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1982

Effects of neurotensin on the transit of gastrointestinal contents in the rat.

In this study the influence of neurotensin on gastric emptying, transit of gastrointestinal contents and ileo-cecal emptying was studied in the conscious rat. A bolus of radioactive marker was deposited in the gastrointestinal lumen and was monitored at different time intervals during its passage along the bowel. Gastric emptying was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by i.v. infusion of 6 and 12 (p less than 0.01) pmol x kg-1 x min-1 of neurotensin. The transit of the gastrointestinal contents was retarded by 3 (p less than 0.001) and 6 (p less than 0.001) pmol x kg-1 x min-1. In addition, at 12 pmol x kg-1 x min-1 the distribution of the radioactivity was spread out and the radioactive front migrated farther. Infusion of 6 pmol x kg-1 x min-1 of neurotensin also produced spreading of the radioactivity in the intestine with proximal pooling and rapid migration of the front of the radioactive bolus (p less than 0.001). Ileo-cecal emptying was inhibited by neurotensin at 6 pmol x kg-1 x min-1, with pooling of the radioactivity proximal to the ileo-cecal valve (p less than 0.001). These data indicate that neurotensin prolongs the transit time of the chyme in the stomach and small intestine. Thus, neurotensin may facilitate thorough digestion of the chyme in the small intestine and enhance the absorption of nutrients.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Detection by polymerase chain reaction of Clostridium perfringens producing epsilon toxin in faeces and in gastrointestinal contents of goats.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the gene-encoding epsilon toxin production in Clostridium perfringens types B and D in faeces and in gastrointestinal contents of goats. The samples were cultured in thioglycollate broth and centrifuged. The upper layer of the pellet was used as a template for PCR, obviating the need for DNA extraction. This technique specifically differentiated Cl. perfringens types B and D from Cl. perfringens types A and C and from Escherichia coli. When used to identify Cl. perfringens type D in samples artificially spiked with the micro-organism, the PCR detected as few as 1.4 x 10(2) cfu g-1 of sample. Gastrointestinal contents and faeces were collected from 20 goats at slaughter and processed by PCR. Several positive results were obtained from the first five goats that were slaughtered and sampled a few days after their arrival at the abattoir, but only a few samples gave positive results during the following weeks, after the goats had been fed a concentrated ration containing monensin. A possible role of this drug in control of enterotoxaemia is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Neutralizing activity in the gastrointestinal contents of piglets vaccinated with a live or formaldehyde-inactivated porcine enterovirus.

Neutralizing activity against porcine enterovirus strain T80 was demonstrated in the gastrointestinal contents of piglets given live T80 virus orally or parenterally, but little or no neutralizing activity was detected in the gastrointestinal contents of piglets given formaldehyde-inactivated virus by either route. The gastrointestinal neutralizing response was first detected 14 days after oral dosing, coincidentally with a fall in the titre and distribution of virus. The neutralizing response was highest at 23 days, and dropped markedly by 36 days, whereas no response was detected until 36 days in piglets which received live virus by the intramuscular route. Virus generally appeared earlier, was more widely distributed, and reached higher titres in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets which received live virus orally than in those which received the same preparation by the intramuscular route. The highest serum neutralizing response occurred in the piglets given live virus orally. The serum response in the piglets which received live virus intramuscularly appeared earlier and was biphasic. The serum response in the piglets receiving formaldehyde-inactivated virus appeared as early as the response to live virus given by the same route, but remained relatively low throughout the period of observation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection and tracheobronchial aspiration of gastrointestinal contents.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in a set up of respiratory intensive care unit was evaluated. Also the incidence of tracheobronchial aspiration of gastrointestinal contents was explored among these patients. DESIGN: Twenty eight patients admitted in the respiratory intensive care unit of referral teaching hospital were studied. All patients were evaluated for tracheobronchial aspiration of gastrointestinal contents in the initial 48 hours of initiating mechanical ventilation using methylene blue as marker and glucostix reagent strip. Protected endotracheal aspirate was secured after 48 hours of beginning of mechanical ventilation and was submitted for microbiological assay. RESULTS: Of the 28 mechanically ventilated patients, 82% were found to have developed LRTI. Aerobic gram-negative bacilli accounted for 79% of the infections, Klesiella responsible for 39% while Pseudomonas and Escherichia accounted for 18% each. The remaining 4% were caused by Acinetobacter. Gram-positive cocci were responsible for 21% of infection with Staphylococcus and enterococci 14% and 7% respectively. Tracheobronchial aspiration of GI contents was found to be present in 72% of the patients which was significantly correlated with the incidence of LRTI (p=0.014). Significant association was also found between the incidence of LRTI and mortality (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence of gastrointestinal aspiration was found to be high and correlation with LRTI was significant. Both glucostix reagent strip and methylene blue were observed to have same positivity rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Tablet residues in gastrointestinal contents? A polarization microscopy screening method for rapid evaluation at the autopsy table].

When tablet residues are found in the gastrointestinal tract during autopsy, this does not only indicate the possible presence of intoxication, but may also provide indications with the regard to the kind of intoxication (e.g. suicide) if the amount of tablets is considered. If tablets have already dissolved and thus large portions can no longer be detected with the naked eye, a definitive appraisal with regard to the presence of tablet residues is often difficult or even impossible on the autopsy table. A polarization microscopic screening method is described which enables identification of characteristic tablet auxiliary substances (maize starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, microcristalline cellulose or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) to be identified immediately and simply in the gastrointestinal contents. It also enables a rapid orientative screening for tablet residues in glasses found or the fluid these contained as well as in aspirated material and vomit. If the active agent of the tablet can be detected by chemical toxicology, the polarization microscopic diagnosis of abundant tablet auxiliary substances is compatible with intake of large amounts of drugs, which makes self-administration highly probable.

Drug Overdose↗
PubMed1976

The genesis of bowel sounds: influence of viscus and gastrointestinal content.

This study was undertaken to try to solve the controversy about the influence of gastrointestinal contents on the genesis of bowel sounds, and to probe the respective importance of the various abdominal viscera. Eleven healthy volunteers were intubated by mouth with a multiple-lumen tube. Bowel sounds were recorded for 10 min when the tube was in the stomach, the upper jejunum, and the cecum, while it was left intact in situ, or perfused with isotonic saline (15 ml per min), or with an equal (7.5 ml per min of each) mixture of isotonic saline and air. Using a previously developed method, a computer analysis was made of the recording without any human intervention during the treatment of data. An analysis of variance demonstrated that the effect of perfusion varied according to site, with 46% of counted sounds while the tube was in the stomach, 32% in the jejunum, and 22% in the colon (P less than 0.05). There were two types of sounds: some exceeded in amplitude a preset threshold, and thus were picked up by the computer, but their average absolute value for 20 msec remained inferior to another preset threshold. Their number was kept in memory (NS--sounds having an amplitude exceeding a threshold S1, expressed in number per 10 min). A second type of sounds also exceeded the present threshold but their average absolute value for 20 msec also exceeded another preset threshold. Their number (NE--sounds having an amplitude exceeding the thershold S1 but having also a 20-msec average amplitude above another threshold S2, expressed in number per 10 min) was also memorized. The latter group was composed of two types of sounds: some had a limited spectrum of low frequency (100 Hz) and were of high amplitude and short (congruent to 5 msec) duration (NE1); some others had a higher and more dispersed frequency centered around 300 Hz (NE2). Fifty per cent of high energy (NE) sounds appeared while the tube was in the stomach, 30% in the colon, and 20% in the jejunum (P less than 0.005). Short and high amplitude sounds (NE1) were counted more often (43%) when it was in the colon than in the stomach (38%) and the jejunum (19%) (P less than 0.025), and this was confirmed (P less than 0.005) by a study of the ratio of NE1/NE. On the contrary, higher frequency sounds (NE2) were present more often when the tube was in the stomach (59%) than in the jejunum (24%) and in the colon (17%) (P less than 0.005). There was no influence of the presence of the unperfused tube on the genesis of bowel sounds in different sites (P greater than 0.05). In the stomach and the colon perfusion of the air/saline mixture increased the number of sounds (P less than 0.025) and all types of sounds in the stomach (P less than 0.025), whereas in the jejunum it was the perfusion of saline which increased them (P less than 0.025). It is concluded that the stomach is the most active site of production of bowel sounds, followed by the colon and then the small bowel, that sounds differ in different sites, and that all this is influenced by viscus content.

Cecum↗
PubMed1989

Purification procedure for the determination of niacin vitamers in gastrointestinal contents and blood.

A solid phase extraction procedure for subsequent simultaneous HPLC analysis of free nicotinic acid (NIA) and nicotinamide (NAM) in dried or liquid rumen and gastrointestinal contents from sheep is described. Twenty-five mg dried samples were suspended in 1.0 ml of 0.1 mol/l Li2SO4 and centrifuged. The supernatants were passed through two 500 mg solid phase extraction columns (Bond Elut NH2 and Sep Pak C18), mounted in series, and eluted by a four step pH gradient procedure. Recoveries of the two vitameres were between 70 and 75%. Purification was satisfactory when the method was applied to different fractions of rumen content (e.g. to food residues, to a microbial preparation and to rumen fluid), to intestinal contents of sheep and to blood. In rumen fluid no free NIA and NAM was found. Food particles and rumen microbes contained no free NAM.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The source of gallium-67 in gastrointestinal contents: concise communication.

The sources of Ga-67 in gastrointestinal (GI) contents, and factors affecting its secretion were studied in rats. To prevent loss of fecal Ga-67, the anus was sutured before intravenous injection of Ga-67 citrate. Secretion of Ga-67 into the contents of the GI tract was rapid, 3, 6, and 9% of the injected dose were secreted at 1, 6, and 24 hr after injection, respectively. In contrast, Ga-67 concentration in the GI tissues remained relatively constant throughout this period. Analysis of Ga-67 contents of various parts of the GI trace revealed that small intestine is its major source, contributing 60% while the bile contributes 20%, large intestine 10%, GI contents. In contrast, the serum unbound iron-binding capacity (UIBC) played an important role in the Gl secretion of Ga-67 reducing the serum UIBC reduced the Ga-67 secretion into GI contents.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Endogenous peptide YY is dependent on jejunal exposure to gastrointestinal contents.

Peptide YY (PYY), a homolog of pancreatic polypeptide, has been shown to be released after stimulation of colonic mucosa with bile and fatty acids. In this study proximal jejunal and biliary involvement in the regulation of circulating PYY and the distribution of PYY-containing cells in rat intestine was evaluated. Six rats underwent proximal jejunal bypass, six rats had Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomies, and six sham-operated rats were used as controls. Three months after surgery feeding studies using either a mixed meal or a pure fat meal were performed in unanesthetized animals and venous blood was collected for plasma PYY radioimmunoassays. After the feeding studies, fresh specimens were taken from multiple areas of the intestine for immunohistochemical analysis. The surgical procedures did not significantly affect basal PYY plasma levels. Both mixed and fat meals significantly increased circulating PYY in control animals. Exclusion of the proximal jejunum resulted in inhibition of postprandial PYY release. The PYY response in rats with Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomies was blunted after a mixed meal and delayed after a fat meal. The incidence of PYY-containing cells increased along the functional gut in all rats. The bypassed jejunum in both experimental groups of animals contained fewer PYY-staining cells than sham-operated rats. Our results suggest that the exclusion of a segment of proximal jejunum from gastrointestinal continuity in rats leads to an inhibition of postprandial PYY release. PYY release may be controlled in part by stimulatory neural and/or endocrine signals originating from the proximal jejunum.

Animals↗