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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Ultrastructural and carbohydrate histochemical studies on the differentiation and renewal of mucous cells in the rat gastric fundus.

Gastric surface mucous cells (SMC), mucous neck cells (MNC) and their undifferentiated and immature precursors were studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry. The secretory granules of SMC were smaller, more electron dense and more reactive to PAS and its analogues than those of MNC. Alcian blue demonstrated that the mucus of SMC was acidic and that of MNC was neutral. The periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate method revealed the pressence of carbohydrates in the golgi apparatus, condensing vacuoles, secretory granules, apical vesicles and tubules and cell coat. Maturation of SMC during their migration towards the free surface was reflected by an increase in size and number of secretory granules, an increase of RER and microfilaments, and a decrease of microvilli and apical vesicles and tubules. The secretory granules of older SMC were less acidic and possessed a proteinaceous core. Most MNC were fully differentiated, but some immature MNC containing only a few granules were found. Furthermore, undifferentiated cells and intermediates between SMC and MNC were also observed. The presence of both transitional and intermediate forms indicates that both SMC, and MNC arise from the same population of undifferentiated cells. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine revealed that undifferentiated cells, use isthmic SMC, MNC and intermediate cells are proliferative. No proliferative activity was found in foveolar SMC, parietal, chief, fibrillovesicular or endocrine cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Vagotomy impairs pentagastrin-induced relaxation of canine gastric fundus.

In eight dogs, a separated, vagally innervated pouch was made from the gastric fundus. Electrodes were implanted on the pouch, and an antral gastric fistula was created through which gastric juice was drained externally during all tests. After recovery, the fasted, conscious dogs received intravenous infusions of 154 mM NaCl to which randomly selected doses of pentagastrin were intermittently added while intraluminal pressure and electric activity of the distended pouch were recorded. Transthoracic vagotomy was then performed, and the dogs were restudied. Before vagotomy, pentagastrin decreased the amplitude of the phasic changes in intraluminal pressure and of the bursts of spiking potentials of the pouch. The D50 for inhibition of mean intrapouch pressure was 4.2 ng/kg per min. After vagotomy, pentagastrin still decreased intrapouch pressure and inhibited fundal spikes, but larger doses were required to produce equivalent decreases in pressure. The D50 was 41.4 ng/kg per min after vagotomy. Our conclusion is that pentagastrin-induced relaxation of the canine gastric fundus is impaired, but not abolished, by vagotomy.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1978

Isolated varices of the gastric fundus--endoscopic diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Isolated gastric varices in patients with portal hypertension are a relatively rare source of bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy is a very valuable method of diagnosis in such cases. The authors report their own observation of gastric varices, well documented with the endoscopic technique before and after surgery. Varices of the gastric fundus are always an indication to surgical management. On the basis of their own experiences made with 5 patients, the authors recommend a direct intervention in form of an extragastric suture or resection of the convolution of the varicose veins, in selected patients simultaneously complete with a portasystemic shunt.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The effects of stimulants and inhibitors of histamine receptors on acid secretion from guinea pig gastric fundus.

Two selective H2 receptor stimulants (5-methyl-N-methylhistamine and dimaprit) so far never tested in isolated gastric preparations, were found to be strong stimulants of acid secretion from the guinea pig isolated gastric fundus. Although some differences were observed in the cumulative dose--response curves for these two agonists, the peak responses obtained were not significantly different from the maximum response to histamine. Cimetidine produced parallel displacement of the dose--response curves to the right with the maximum response unchanged, suggesting competitive antagonism of H2 receptors. The dose--response curve for histamine was not affected by the simultaneous administration of an H1 receptor agonist, 2(2-aminoethyl)thiazole, or of an H1 receptor antagonist, pyrilamine. This indicates that the action of histamine on the isolated guinea pig gastric fundus is associated exclusively with H2 receptor stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vagovagal stimulation of pancreatic-polypeptide secretion by graded distention of the gastric fundus and antrum in man.

Previous studies have shown that pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion is regulated by efferent, vagal stimulation. In the present study the afferent part of a vagovagal pathway has been investigated in two different ways: (I) Graded fundic distention: in 8 patients with duodenal ulcer ballon distention with 150 ml of the fundus and the body of the stomach increased PP concentrations in plasma from 19 (17--26) to 41 (35--48) pmol/l, median and interquartile range. Distention by 300 and 600 ml did not further increase PP concentrations. After denervation of the fundus by proximal gastric vagotomy, no increase in PP levels was observed during distention with 50 and 300 ml whereas distention by 600 ml was followed by a small increase. (II) Graded antral distention: balloon distention with 50, 100 and 150 ml of the antrum increased plasma PP concentrations in 7 healthy subjects and 14 duodenal ulcer patients. Maximal PP response was achieved by distention with 100 ml, healthy subjects: from 14 (12--23) to 40 (26--44) pmol/l, and duodenal ulcer patients: from 25 (13--38) to 47 (22--63) pmol/l, median and interquartile range. It is concluded that a gastropancreatic reflex stimulating PP secretion through a long vagovagal pathway is present in man, and that this mechanism probably is involved in the initial PP response during a meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The oxygen tension in the gastric fundus wall in relation to arterial blood supply. Experimental study with intramural pO2-measurement (author's transl)].

Animal experiments in dogs were performed in order to measure oxygen tension in the gastric fundus. For this purpose an intravasal oxygen catheter electrode was inserted into the gastric submucosa. The probe recorded pO2 in an area about 2 cm in length. The oxygen tension was measured in relation to the respective blood supply of stomach. The method is suitable for determining the tendency of oxygen supply of the tissue intraoperatively as well as after implantation postoperatively. The clinical interpretation of the trend of pO2-measurements depends on further experiences.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Submucosal vagotomy of the canine gastric fundus.

Ethyl alcohol infiltration of the submucosa of canine denervated gastric pouches markedly reduced the gastric secretory responses to histamine and food without changing the histologic appearance. It is postulated that the ethyl alcohol destroyed the submucosal nerve plexus which regulates the parietal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Preponderance of beta adrenergic receptors in the gastric fundus of the rat.

There are two kinds of adrenergic receptors in rat fundus (stomach), the alpha receptors are stimulated with adrenaline and noradrenaline and can be blocked effectively with azapetine and the beta receptors are stimulated with isoprenaline and adrenaline and can be blocked effectively with propranolol. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline all produce inhibition of acetylcholine induced contractions in both untreated and reserpinized tissues that can be antagonized with azapetine and propranolol on its specific receptors but propranolol has a greater capacity to decrease the sensitivity of both untreated and reserpinized tissues to isoprenaline and adrenaline than azapetine can in case of noradrenaline and adrenaline.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Concentrations of gastrin and secretin in the alimentary tract of the cat.

The distribution of gastrin and secretin in the alimentary tract of the cat was determined from the esophagogastric junction to the ileocecum. The total content and concentration of each of these hormones in mucosal extracts taken from the gastric fundus, gastric antrum, proximal and distal duodenum, proximal and distal jejunum, and ileum were measured with specific radioimmunoassays. The gastric antrum contained the highest concentration of gastrin, but appreciable amounts also were found in the duodenum. The highest concentrations of secretin were found in the duodenum, but impressive quantities were measured in the jejunum. The role of extra-antral gastrin and of those stores of secretin beyond the proximal duodenum (where the pH probably never falls to levels associated with release of secretin) currently are unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Half life of gastrointestinal glucagon-like immunoreactive materials.

The composition, half life and hyperglycemic action of the porcine gastrointestinal glucagon-like immunoreactive materials were examined. Glucagon immunoreactivity (GI) measured using specific antiglucagon serum was more abundunt in the extract from the gastric fundus than in the one from the small intestine. When the extract from the gastric fundus was injected in dogs, the half life (T1/2) of total glucagon-like immunoreactivity (total GLI) measured using nonspecific antiglucagon serum was 9.5 +/- 1.1 min (mean +/- SEM), which was longer than that of crystalline pancreatic glucagon, 3.4 +/- 0.2 min, but shorter than that of the extract from the small intestine, 15.9 +/- 1.3 min. On the other hand, T1/2 for GI from the gastric fundus was 5.1 +/- 0.9 min, which was not significantly different from that of crystalline pancreatic glucagon. Blood sugar levels were significantly increased from the basal by 25 +/- 4 mg/100 ml at 10 min and 19 +/- 4 mg/100 ml at 15 min following an injection of the extract from the gastric fundus, but such a change in blood sugar levels was not demonstrated when the extract from the small intestine was injected. These results suggest that GI of the gastric fundus is close to pancreatic glucagon in respect of its metabolism and hyperglycemic activity.

Animals↗