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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Garden sharing and garden stealing in fungus-growing ants.

Fungi cultivated by fungus-growing ants (Attini: Formicidae) are passed on between generations by transfer from maternal to offspring nest (vertical transmission within ant species). However, recent phylogenetic analyses revealed that cultivars are occasionally also transferred between attine species. The reasons for such lateral cultivar transfers are unknown. To investigate whether garden loss may induce ants to obtain a replacement cultivar from a neighboring colony (lateral cultivar transfer), pairs of queenright colonies of two Cyphomyrmex species were set up in two conjoined chambers; the garden of one colony was then removed to simulate the total crop loss that occurs naturally when pathogens devastate gardens. Garden-deprived colonies regained cultivars through one of three mechanisms: joining of a neighboring colony and cooperation in a common garden; stealing of a neighbor's garden; or aggressive usurpation of a neighbor's garden. Because pathogens frequently devastate attine gardens under natural conditions, garden joining, stealing and usurpation emerge as critical behavioral adaptations to survive garden catastrophes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Horticultural therapy: the 'healing garden'and gardening in rehabilitation measures at Danderyd Hospital Rehabilitation Clinic, Sweden.

OBJECTIVES: Objectives were to review the literature on horticultural therapy and describe the Danderyd Hospital Horticultural Therapy Garden and its associated horticultural therapy programme. DESIGN: The literature review is based on the search words 'gardening', 'healing garden' and 'horticultural therapy'. The description is based on the second author's personal knowledge and popular-scientific articles initiated by her. The material has been integrated with acknowledged occupational therapy literature. SETTING: The setting was the Danderyd Hospital Rehabilitation Clinic, Sweden, Horticultural Therapy Garden. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six patients with brain damage participated in group horticultural therapy. RESULTS: Horticulture therapy included the following forms: imagining nature, viewing nature, visiting a hospital healing garden and, most important, actual gardening. It was expected to influence healing, alleviate stress, increase well-being and promote participation in social life and re-employment for people with mental or physical illness. The Horticultural Therapy Garden was described regarding the design of the outdoor environment, adaptations of garden tools, cultivation methods and plant material. This therapy programme for mediating mental healing, recreation, social interaction, sensory stimulation, cognitive re-organization and training of sensory motor function is outlined and pre-vocational skills and the teaching of ergonomical body positions are assessed. CONCLUSION: This study gives a broad historic survey and a systematic description of horticultural therapy with emphasis on its use in rehabilitation following brain damage. Horticulture therapy mediates emotional, cognitive and/or sensory motor functional improvement, increased social participation, health, well-being and life satisfaction. However, the effectiveness, especially of the interacting and acting forms, needs investigation.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1993

[Heavy metal pollution of soil and garden products of Stolberg home gardens and lead and cadmium pollution of small farms in Stolberg].

Cadmium, lead and zinc were determined in garden soils and vegetable products from private gardens located in a lead/zinc smelter area (Stolberg, Germany). At the same time lead and cadmium were measured in blood and urine samples collected from 90 garden owners. Inspite of extraordinary high levels of cadmium and lead in garden soils and vegetables, blood lead, blood cadmium and urine cadmium levels were not or only slightly elevated in the gardeners when compared to a reference group of subjects from the same area who did not consume home-grown vegetables and fruits. The results show that high levels of pollutants in soil and vegetables are not necessarily associated with an increased burden of pollutants in the human body, and that the transfer of pollutants from soil to humans might have been overestimated in some cases. Moreover, the results underline the preventive character of the guideline values presently applied with respect to the evaluation of soil contaminants.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1999

Dynamic hip screw versus 3 parallel screws in the treatment of garden 1 + 2 and garden 3 + 4 cervical hip fractures.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the failure rate following operations of undisplaced and displaced cervical hip fractures with a dynamic hip screw compared with 3 parallel screws. DESIGN: The study was retrospective. The minimum follow-up time was 1 year. The data tta collested between January 1990 and December 1993. SETTING: University Hospitals. PATIENTS: A total of 456 patients (352 women and 104 men) with cervical hip fractures were included. The mean age was 80 years (range 51-100 years). INTERVENTION: This was internal fixation of the fractured hip with a dynamic hip screw or 3 parallel screws. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Failure was defined as nonunion, fixation failure or avascular necrosis and reoperation was found indicated. The 3 months mortality rate, the wound infection rate, the delay between admission and time of surgery and the blood transfusion requirement were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 456 cervical hip fractures were operated with a dynamic hip screw or 3 parallel screws. The failure rate for fractures treated with a dynamic hip screw was 14/98 = 14% for Garden 1 + 2 fractures and 43/108 = 40% for Garden 3 + 4 fractures. The failure rate for fractures treated with 3 parallel screws was similar: 23/154 = 15% for Garden 1 + 2 fractures and 38/196 = 40% for Garden 3 + 4 fractures. The average follow-up time was 2.5 years. CONCLUSION: Operation of cervical hip fracture with a dynamic hip screw or 3 parallel screw seem to give similar results.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Monastery garden, mystical garden].

The monastery garden is a symbolic place where medicinal plants have both therapeutic use and religious meaning. The cloister is a natural as well as a spiritual space, where the monastic virtues are expressed by the geometry of the alleys and the floral composition. By the end of the Middle Ages, a couple of abbeys designed enclosed gardens (hortus conclusus) to symbolize the Garden of Mary, often represented in 14th and 15th centuries paintings.

Botany↗
PubMed1998

Stroke with dysarthria: evaluate and treat; garden variety or down the garden path?

The case of a man who initially presented to an emergency room with an isolated dysarthria is reviewed in order to demonstrate how the history, clinical context, and clinical observations can lead to accurate or inaccurate diagnosis. The diagnostic process in this case illustrates (1) the value of experience in clinical practice; (2) the role of the history and clinical context in diagnosis, but their occasional capacity to mislead; (3) the importance of distinguishing evidence from inference; (4) the use of deductive strategies and pattern recognition in speech diagnosis; (5) the importance of diagnostic vigilance; (6) the value of distinguishing among dysarthria types; and (7) the contribution that the diagnosis of speech disorders can make to the localization and diagnosis of neurologic disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of school gardens in academic instruction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the status of gardens in California schools. DESIGN: A self-administered Internet and mailed survey was sent to all California principals (N = 9805). PARTICIPANTS: 4194 California school principals. VARIABLES MEASURED: School garden practices, attitudes associated with the use of gardens in schools, and perceptions of barriers to having and using school gardens in academic instruction. ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics and chi-square; P < .05. RESULTS: A 43% response rate was achieved. The most frequent reason for having a garden was for enhancement of academic instruction. Gardens were most commonly used for teaching science, environmental studies, and nutrition. Principals strongly agreed that resources such as curriculum materials linked to academic instruction and lessons on teaching nutrition in the garden would assist in the school garden being used for academic instruction. Principals deemed the garden as being not to slightly effective at enhancing the school meal program. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: School gardens appear to be predominantly used by most schools to enhance academic instruction. There is a need for curriculum materials and teacher training for gardening and nutrition. The link between the garden and the school meal program is an area that clearly requires attention. School lunch would be a logical setting for provision of edible produce, in addition to taste-testing of fresh produce in the garden or classroom setting.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Saturation to improve pollutant retention in a rain garden.

Rain gardens have been recommended as a best management practice to treat stormwater runoff. Replicate rain gardens were constructed in Haddam, CT, to treat roof runoff. The objective of this study was to assess whether the creation of a saturated zone in a rain garden improved retention of pollutants. The gardens were sized to store 2.54 cm (1 in) of runoff. Results show high retention of flow; only 0.8% overflowed. Overall, concentrations of nitrite+ nitrate-N, ammonia-N, and total-N (TN) in roof runoff were reduced significantly by the rain gardens. Total-P concentrations were significantly increased by both rain gardens. ANCOVA results show significant reductions in TN (18%) due to saturation. Redox potential also decreased in the saturated garden. Rain garden mulch was found to be a sink for metals, nitrogen, and phosphorus, but rain garden soils were a source for these pollutants. The design used for these rain gardens was effective for flow retention, but did not reduce concentrations of all pollutants even when modified. These findings suggest that high flow and pollutant retention could be achieved with the 2.54 cm design method, but the use of an underdrain could reduce overall pollutant retention.

Construction Materials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gardening: a strategy for health promotion in older women.

One of the goals of Healthy People 2010 is improved cognitive status of older adults. Preliminary research has identified gardening as an activity that may be cognitively protective. Clarification of gardening as a concept is a first step toward the development of theory that will enable nurses to develop interventions related to gardening. The purpose of this study was to describe the phenomenon of gardening. Using a phenomenological methodology, interviews with five older women were analyzed using Colaizzi's approach. Four themes emerged: "Gardening is challenge and work," "Gardening is connection," "Gardening is continuous learning," and "Gardening is sensory and aesthetic experience." The phenomenon of gardening is analogous to the relationship between a spider and its web, linking internal and external environments and providing support over a lifetime. It appears that the gardening experience, as an evolving lifelong process, sustains older women in their cognitive and spiritual development.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2026

Molecular investigation of the progenitors, origin and domestication patterns of diploid Chinese old garden roses.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chinese old garden roses are major contributors to the genetic development of modern roses. The RoKSN gene is associated with continuous flowering in roses and is proposed to have originated from Chinese wild roses. However, the wild roses that are implicated in the breeding of Chinese old garden roses and the origin of the RoKSN locus remain unidentified. We collected 25 of the most renowned and classic diploid Chinese old garden roses along with all related wild roses from East Asia. These roses were analysed with the aim of identifying the wild species that contributed to the genetic composition of Chinese old garden roses. In addition, we aimed to infer the geographical origin of the RoKSN gene and to develop a schematic overview of hybrid domestication of Chinese old garden roses. METHODS: We compared the haplotypes of internal transcribed spacers (nrITS), six nuclear single-copy genes and three chloroplast genes between Chinese old garden roses and wild roses. Additionally, we assessed genetic organization using 21 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats to identify potential donor species that contributed to the emergence of these cultivars. Primers were designed for RoKSN to allow comparison of the gene across the entire distribution range of Rosa sect. Chinenses. KEY RESULTS: Our findings confirmed that the majority of rose cultivars are descendants of early hybridization events. Rosa chinensis var. spontanea, R. odorata var. gigantea and R. multiflora var. cathayensis were the primary donors for the 25 cultivar roses. Chinese old garden roses were categorized into four groups. Ten cultivars were hybrids between R. chinensis var. spontanea and R. multiflora var. cathayensis, thereby forming the 'Old Blush' group. Five cultivars were hybrids between 'Old Blush' and the R. kwangtungensis species complex, thereby forming the 'Slater's crimson' group. Six cultivars were hybrids between 'Old Blush' and R. odorata var. gigantea, thereby forming the 'Tea Rose' group, and three cultivars were hybrids that evolved from more than three donors. Moreover, we observed relatively close genetic proximity among Chinese old garden roses with an identical RoKSN-copia gene that is responsible for continuous flowering, which indicates a single origin for this retrotransposon-containing allele. Additionally, we determined that the haplotypes of the RoKSN-copia gene predominantly occurred in the Sichuan Basin region. In contrast, R. chinensis cultivated in the Ya'an region showed no markers of hybridization and displayed a genetic composition that was close to that of the wild species R. chinensis var. spontanea. This cultivar may represent the earliest mutated individual that bears the RoKSN-copia gene and may have served as a bridge from wild species to continuous-flowering old rose cultivars. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides crucial evidence that elucidates the origin of cultivated roses and lays the groundwork for further analysis of the breeding history of Chinese old garden roses using genomic data.

Domestication↗
PubMed2002

Increased vitamin A intake in children aged 2-5 years through targeted home-gardens in a rural South African community.

OBJECTIVES: To determine vitamin A intake of children aged 2-5 years in a rural South African community one year after the implementation of a home-based food production programme targeting beta-carotene-rich fruits and vegetables. DESIGN: Dietary intake of children aged 2-5 years was determined during a cross-sectional survey before and one year after the implementation of a home-based food production programme. SETTING: A low socio-economic rural African community, approximately 60 km northwest of the coastal city of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. SUBJECTS: Children aged 2-5 years (n = 100); 50 children from households with home-gardens producing beta-carotene fruits and vegetables (project gardens), and 50 children from households without project gardens. RESULTS: As compared with baseline data, there was a significant increase in vitamin A intake in children from households with project gardens as well as in children from households without project gardens. However, children from households with project gardens had a significantly higher vitamin A intake than children from households without project gardens. The increased vitamin A intake in those children from households without project gardens can be attributed to the availability of butternuts in the local shop (as a result of the project), and because the mothers negotiated with project garden mothers to obtain these fruits and vegetables for their children. CONCLUSION: A home-based food production programme targeting beta-carotene-rich fruits and vegetables can lead to an increase in vitamin A intake.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1996

[The origin and development of the herbal gardens of the Owari clan].

The early herbal garden of the Owari Clan was called Ofuke-Oyakuen. By careful reading of the "Illustration of the Honorable Herb Garden (OYakuen no Zu), it is pointed out that this garden might have been opened around 1562 when 39 species of herbs granted by Shogun Iemitsu were planted. This garden was enlarged in about 1684. We found that the well-known "Honorable Illustration of Former Herb Garden (Moto-oyakuen On-ezu)" was a drawing of a part of this enlarged herbal garden. On the other hand, in 1735 a new herbal garden, Oshitayashiki-oyakuen was opened for cultivation of Panax Shinseng. While this garden produced fair results at Panax cultivation, it was closed in 1869 at the Meiji Restoration. In the last days of the Tokugawa regime, herbalists of this garden had made original advances in natural history.

History, 17th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dioxin level of small volume gardeners in Duisburg].

The PCDD/F levels were determined in the venous blood of 21 allotment gardeners in Duisburg (Germany). Soil analyses had shown elevated levels of PCDD/F in garden soil (range 16.4-77.6 ng I-TE/kg). Vegetable plants also had elevated levels of PCDD/F, mainly due to airborne contamination. The highest levels were found in kale (2.6-65.6 ng I-TE/kg d.w.) and endive (1.7-28.5 ng I-TE/kg d. w.). The study population consisted of 5 females and 16 males (mean age 57 years; range 43-67 years), who had been cultivating their allotment gardens for an average of 20 years (range 7-36 years). About 50% of their total vegetable consumption and 30% of their fruit consumption were from their own gardens. The mean 2.3.7.8-TCDD toxicity equivalents (TE) of PCDD/F in blood fat were 44.3 pg I-TE/g fat (range 29.2-81.1 pg I-TE/g fat). Compared to reference data these values are within the range of background PCDD/F-levels in the German population. The concentrations in individual gardeners as well as the congener pattern were not different from those of normal subjects. The present study shows that increased levels of PCDD/F in garden soil and garden products do not have a significant effect on the PCDD/F burden in gardeners, even if they consume homegrown vegetables and fruits from their own allotment gardens for many years in succession.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

California teachers perceive school gardens as an effective nutritional tool to promote healthful eating habits.

This study assessed elementary school teachers' perceived attitudes and barriers associated with school gardens, as well as the purpose and use of gardens in schools, specifically in relation to the link between gardens and nutrition. The questionnaire was mailed to California fourth-grade teachers at schools with gardens (N = 1,665). The response rate was 36% (n = 592). Teachers perceived the garden to be somewhat to very effective at enhancing academic performance, physical activity, language arts, and healthful eating habits. Nutrition was taught with the use of the garden by 47% of responding teachers. This research provides evidence for needed standards-based curricula materials and teacher training in relation to gardening and nutrition. The results from this study will contribute to development of needed resources and methods by which to encourage the use of gardens and nutrition education in schools.

Adult↗