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Results for “Gallionellaceae”

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11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Biological treatment of Mn(II) and Fe(II) containing groundwater: kinetic considerations and product characterization.

In the present article, the treatment of groundwater containing Mn(II) and Fe(II) has been investigated. The biological oxidation of Mn(II) and Fe(II) in upflow filtration units comprised the applied experimental technique. The oxidation processes were mediated by specific bacteria, namely the Leptothrix ochracea and Gallionella ferruginea, which belong to the general category of manganese and iron oxidizing bacteria. This work was focused on the characterization of the products of biological oxidation and to the examination of the kinetics of Mn(II) removal as compared with Fe(II) removal from groundwaters. The products of biological oxidation were characterized using the spectroscopic techniques XRD, XPS and SEM-EDS and comprised a mixture of biogenic hydrous manganese and iron oxides. The oxidation state of manganese in the precipitates was found to be between 3 and 4. Iron oxides were mainly in the form of amorphous ferrihydrite. The kinetic results indicated that the rates of manganese and iron oxidation were several orders of magnitude greater than the respective for abiotic oxidation. The bacterially mediated oxidation of iron was faster than manganese oxidation, presenting half-lives of reaction 0.9 and 3.98 min, respectively.

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed2004

Microbial polysaccharides template assembly of nanocrystal fibers.

Biological systems can produce extraordinary inorganic structures and morphologies. The mechanisms of synthesis are poorly understood but are of great interest for engineering novel materials. We use spectromicroscopy to show that microbially generated submicrometer-diameter iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) filaments contain polysaccharides, providing an explanation for the formation of akaganeite pseudo-single crystals with aspect ratios of approximately 1000:1. We infer that the cells extrude the polysaccharide strands to localize FeOOH precipitation in proximity to the cell membrane to harness the proton gradient for energy generation. Characterization of organic compounds with high spatial resolution, correlated with mineralogical information, should improve our understanding of biomineralization mechanisms.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1953

Iron bacteria.

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Bacteria↗
PubMed2004

Impact of localised dissolved iron concentrations on the biofouling of environmental wells.

Iron biofouling of wells can significantly impact the performance of a groundwater extraction system. A subsurface drainage scheme (Wakool, Australia) designed to reduce waterlogging was used to identify some of the relationships between aquifer properties and well biofouling. Piezometers drilled radially one metre from two biofouled wells showed that during normal well operation the concentration of dissolved iron (Fe2+) entering the groundwater well was highly localised around the site and with depth. CCTV survey of the biofouling on the well screens supported these findings of localised iron concentrations. Dissolved oxygen (DO) measured during pumping and under non-pumping conditions (aquifer DO) showed that oxygen was not a limiting factor, whereas stalked bacteria (Gallionella sp.) were only found in the biofouled wells. The wellhead water therefore represents only a composite of all the waters entering the well and does not indicate the possibility of localised iron concentrations in a shallow aquifer. The degree of iron biofouling within a groundwater well is therefore related directly to the presence of dissolved iron in the groundwater, as well as various oxidative processes occurring as the groundwater enters the well screen and its subsequent extraction. The distribution of iron biofilms on the well screen reflects these processes; however, the presence of well biofouling cannot always be linked to a decrease in well screen performance, but can have an impact on the overall performance of the groundwater extraction system.

Biofilms↗