Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GYNECOMASTIA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

"Diabetic mastopathy" in the male breast--a special type of gynecomastia. A comparative study of lymphocytic mastitis and gynecomastia.

Focal B-lymphocytic mastitis and focal fibrosis of the breast in young women have rarely been reported as a complication of longstanding insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type I. We present two cases of "diabetic mastopathy" in male diabetics suffering from gynecomastia. Furthermore, these two cases were examined in comparison to a selected group of 6 patients showing gynecomastia with a marked inflammatory reaction, as well as to 24 non-selected cases of common gynecomastia. The lesion is interpreted as a diabetes-induced autoimmune reaction of the breast and may be regarded as a lympho-epithelial lesion. Its histopathological characteristics are a marked chronic periductal and perivascular mastitis with a predominance of B-lymphocytes, a focal homogenous fibrosis and so called "epithelioid stromal fibroblasts" within the fibrotic matrix. Our findings support the existance of "diabetic mastopathy" in the male and point out to the potentially misleading pattern of this benign tumor-like lesion simulating gynecomastia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hormonal studies and physical maturation in adolescent gynecomastia.

As part of a 3-year longitudinal study of lipid and hormonal changes during puberty, 536 boys aged 10 to 15 years were prospectively followed every 6 months to assess development of gynecomastia. The overall prevalence of gynecomastia in the 377 with complete data was 48.5% (51% of white subjects and 46% of black subjects). In the majority of subjects, gynecomastia developed during mid-puberty. Gynecomastia was bilateral in 55% of subjects, on the left side in 19%, and on the right in 26%. Gynecomastia was documented for only one visit in the majority of subjects. When subjects were matched at the onset of gynecomastia for race, visit number, and pubertal rating, there were no significant differences between those with or without gynecomastia in serum estradiol level, testosterone level, estrogen/testosterone, ratio, or dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate level. However, free testosterone level, weight, and Quetelet index were all significantly lower, and the testosterone-estrogen binding globulin level was significantly greater, in those with gynecomastia. We conclude that approximately half of adolescent boys have transient gynecomastia, usually lasting less than 1 year; those with gynecomastia enter mid-puberty at an earlier age, have a lower Quetelet index, and have lower serum free testosterone levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Neither gynecomastia nor galactorrhea is a common side effect of neuroleptics in male patients.

OBJECTIVE: Gynecomastia is known to be a side effect of neuroleptics. The authors investigated the prevalence of gynecomastia and galactorrhea in a group of regularly neuroleptic-treated male patients. METHODS: Gynecomastia was defined as a palpable, discrete button of firm subareolar tissue measuring at least 2 cm in diameter. The subjects were 100 male patients who were taking neuroleptic treatment regularly. Each patient gave informed consent for the research involved in this study. RESULTS: (1) Palpable gynecomastia was present in 2% of the patient group, but not at all in the normal group. (2) Galactorrhea was not present in either patient or normal group. (3) The mean level of the serum prolactin in the group of patients without gynecomastia (n = 53) was significantly higher than that in the normal group (n = 35), but there was no significant difference in blood luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone (T), estradiol (E(2)) or T/E(2) ratio between the groups. (4) The mean level of the T/E(2) ratio in the patients with gynecomastia tended to be higher than that in the group of patients without gynecomastia. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results seem to indicate that (i) gynecomastia is not common in the Japanese population, and (ii) in male patients neither palpable gynecomastia nor galactorrhea is a common side effect of neuroleptics. To clarify the relation between gynecomastia and neuroleptic treatment, large prospective studies are required.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occult Leydig cell tumor in a patient with gynecomastia.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a clinically occult testicular tumor causing gynecomastia and to alert physicians to the importance of use of testicular ultrasonography in patients with progressive gynecomastia despite normal findings on testicular examination. METHODS: We present a detailed case, including results of clinical, laboratory, and radiologic assessment, of a man with hyperprolactinemia and gynecomastia. RESULTS: A 36-year-old man with progressive gynecomastia was referred to our clinic because of an increased serum prolactin level. Subsequent clinical investigation revealed no evidence of hypogonadism and several possible causes of the gynecomastia. Because of the patient's age and progressive symptoms, testicular ultrasonography was performed despite normal findings on testicular examination. This ultrasound study showed a right testicular mass, which proved to be a Leydig cell tumor. The patient was referred for definitive therapy with orchiectomy. Follow-up studies showed resolution of the gynecomastia and substantial decreases in prolactin and estradiol levels. CONCLUSION: Although gynecomastia is a relatively common disorder with a benign cause in most cases, physicians should be aware that normal findings on testicular examination do not completely rule out the possibility of a testicular tumor as the cause. Because of the potentially high morbidity of testicular tumors and their known association with gynecomastia, early performance of testicular ultrasonography in a patient with gynecomastia of unknown cause is advised.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Gynecomastia-like lesions in the female breast.

CONTEXT: Gynecomastia is an abnormal enlargement of the male breast, but the histopathologic abnormalities could theoretically be present in female breasts as well. To my knowledge, however, there have been no reports in the literature to date that have attributed a clinically or radiologically detectable mass in a female breast exclusively to the histopathologic findings seen in gynecomastia. OBJECTIVE: The clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings of 4 patients with lesions composed exclusively of the findings of gynecomastia, herein termed gynecomastia-like lesions, are presented and compared with those of 3 patients with lesser degrees of these changes, herein termed gynecomastia-like areas, which were incidental accompaniments to other lesions. SETTING: During a 26-month interval, 1242 breast excisions (excluding needle biopsies or aspirates) were examined in a 170-bed, acute-care, community-medical school teaching hospital. RESULTS: Four patients had gynecomastia-like lesions varying from 1 to 3 cm in greatest dimension with histopathologic features showing the changes of gynecomastia exclusively. Two patients had clinically palpable masses. Two other patients had masses detected only by mammography. One postmenopausal patient was taking estrogen/progesterone replacement medication. Two of the 3 others were not taking birth control pills, and none had a clinical endocrinopathy. Thus far, none of the lesions have recurred. The 3 patients with gynecomastia-like areas were diagnosed separately with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fibroadenoma, and lipoma. CONCLUSIONS: Pathologists should be aware that clinically palpable or radiologically detected masses in female breasts may be composed exclusively of the histopathologic findings of gynecomastia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Eighty-one patients with advanced testicular cancer were evaluated for gynecomastia or severe breast tenderness at diagnosis and after platinum-based chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of gynecomastia in these two settings was explored. At presentation, 10% (8 patients) had gynecomastia or breast tenderness and elevated HCG levels. The likelihood of gynecomastia was greater with increasing HCG level (P = 0.002). However, gynecomastia at presentation was a more powerful independent discriminant of poor survival than the initial HCG level by multivariate analysis (P = 0.004). Fifteen percent (12 patients) developed transient gynecomastia after chemotherapy not attributable to other known causes. HCG levels were normal. Endocrine evaluation typically revealed elevated FSH, LH, and estradiol/testosterone ratios. This may have reflected damage to testicular germinal epithelium. All 12 patients are alive without disease in contrast to the 8 patients who had gynecomastia at diagnosis. Therapy decisions should therefore be based on the time of onset of gynecomastia and in the context of appropriate clinical markers and evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Gynecomastia associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To report four cases of HIV-associated gynecomastia diagnosed during treatment with nucleoside analogs with or without protease inhibitors. CASE SUMMARY: Four HIV-infected patients developed gynecomastia while taking two nucleoside analogs (stavudine combined with lamivudine in 3 patients, stavudine with didanosine in 1 patient) and protease inhibitors (indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir-saquinavir in 3 patients) all patients had received prior treatment with single or associated nucleoside analogs for > or = 21 months. Gynecomastia occurred three to seven months after the start of a triple regimen in the first three patients, and 17 months after initiating the last dual nucleoside analog therapy in the remaining patient. Liver, kidney, and thyroid function were normal; a routine endocrinologic workup showed slight follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone abnormalities in one patient only. Other possible causes of drug- or disease-induced gynecomastia were excluded. A concurrent fat redistribution syndrome was present in three patients (including the patient who received nucleoside analogs only), while serum lipid and/or glucose concentration abnormalities were present in all patients. Gynecomastia remained unchanged during the subsequent seven- to 16-month follow-up, even after modification of antiretroviral therapy. DISCUSSION: Gynecomastia has been recently associated with antiretroviral therapy, and all reported cases but one occurred two to 17 months after the start of a protease inhibitor-based regimen. Our experience underlines the possible occurrence of gynecomastia in the absence of protease inhibitor administration, its persistence despite changes of antiretroviral regimen (thus resembling some signs related to lipodystrophy syndrome), and the apparently constant association with prolonged nucleoside analog administration (especially stavudine). CONCLUSIONS: Gynecomastia should be included among emerging adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy, although its etiopathogenesis deserves further investigation.

Adipose Tissue↗