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Social group work in a group practice. Group work with the retired elderly in Copenhagen.

Standards of value exist in our society, which are based on a predominant conception of personal worth through socioeconomic utility. This gives some elderly people in their nonwork status, a self-image of uselessness and worthlessness, due to the loss of role, reference group, and decrease in prestige. This condition may lead to depression. Two social workers implemented an experiment on social group work in general practice in Copenhagen. The general practitioners referred for participation thirteen men and women, between sixty and seventy years old, who had left the labour market within the last three years. It seems possible to involve elderly people in expressing their individual problems to each other in a group, and to stimulate a better adaption to the new role as pensioner by increasing the members' ability to compensate through other activities. This might produce guidelines for resolving various common problems among elderly people.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Comparisons of solo practices and group practices.

This report of The Manpower Survey of Oral Surgery in 1974 showed that the type of practice, namely solo practice or group practice, had many effects on the characteristics of the practice of oral surgery. It affected significantly the number of offices an oral surgeon had. More oral surgeons in solo practice tended to have a single office than those in group practice. Oral surgeons over 35 years of age and in group practice tended, in general, to have a higher income than those in solo practice. There was a slight tendency for group practices to increase with the size of trade area served. Oral surgeons in group practices reported that they employed more full-time equivalent staff, but there were proportionately fewer full-time equivalent staff members per oral surgeon. Group practices tended to be located in metropolitan areas. Oral surgeons in group practice seemed to perform a larger number of surgical procedures than those in solo practice. They also seemed to spend more time in travel between home and place of work. More oral surgeons under 40 years of age in solo practice indicated that they planned to add an associate or partner in the next five years than those over 40 years of age or those in group practice.

Adult↗

Capital financing options for group practices.

Group practices that are looking for capital partners need to demonstrate that they have the necessary management capability to operate a successful business capable of repaying the debt. Two basic types of debt financing are available to group practices: fixed-rate financing and variable-rate financing. Fixed-rate financing, the more common method, involves borrowing a specific amount of money and then paying off the debt in principal-and-interest payments, much like a fixed-rate mortgage. Variable-rate financing, on the other hand, involves obtaining a letter of credit from the lender itself or independent guarantor to secure a loan. The variable-rate method is more efficient and flexible, because the notes secured by the letter of credit can be rated independently and sold into public capital markets like short-term, variable-rate paper. Both types of financing can require the personal guarantee of all physicians in the group practice.

Capital Financing↗

A record-retention program can protect group practices.

Group practices can benefit from having a systematic record-retention program that includes a formal record-retention policy. While state and Federal laws require the retention of some types of business records, many other records should be retained in the event of an audit or litigation. Having a record-retention program in place can help group practices respond cost-effectively and efficiently when called upon to produce documentation. The record-retention program should include a policy that stipulates not only which records should be kept but also for how long. Group practices should retain records relating to patient care, taxes, payroll, and contracts.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

Utilization of emergency services among patients of a pediatric group practice.

Pediatric group practices in university hospitals provide primary care to children who are often from indigent families. Those practices that attempt to provide care in a continuous way often encounter difficulty in attempting to change their patients' patterns of emergency department utilization. This study attempts to define the relationship between patient characteristics such as access to a telephone and inappropriate utilization of the emergency department. A university hospital database was reviewed to identify all patients of the pediatric group practice. Emergency department records over a six-month period were reviewed to identify all visits of group practice patients to the emergency department. Patients without access to a telephone were more likely to inappropriately access care in the emergency department than were patients with phone access. However, within the cohort of emergency department utilizers, phone access was not a predictor of use. Of those who used the emergency department, babies and young children and those of indigent status were more likely to inappropriately access care than were older children and those at a higher socioeconomic level. We conclude that the demographic information of clients in a pediatric group practice can be utilized to predict inappropriate utilization of emergency department services and that this information can be used to implement programs to help foster continuity of care.

Child↗