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Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

HIV-related gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal disease is common in patients infected with HIV and can represent the first significant clinical illness. Diarrhoea, dysphagia, abdominal pain, jaundice or gastrointestinal bleeding may be the result of opportunistic infection, AIDS-related neoplasia, or infection with HIV alone. The spectrum of gastrointestinal tract and liver involvement in HIV infection is broad and has been well reviewed recently. This article is selective in that the main emphasis is placed on the variety of ways that HIV may first declare itself with symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

Immunodeficiency and the gut: clues to the role of the immune system in gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal disease occurs in a high proportion of patients with primary immunodeficiency. While enteric infections are responsible for the gastrointestinal pathology in many individuals, it is now clear that infection alone is not sufficient to explain the gut pathology found in many immunodeficiencies. This article focuses on recent developments in this field and highlights the insights gained in understanding the complex relationship between immunodeficiency and the gut.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed2003

The pathophysiology of bone disease in gastrointestinal disease.

Reduced bone mass and the increased risk of fracture in gastrointestinal diseases have a multifactorial pathogenesis. Undoubtedly, genetics play an important role, but other factors such as systemic inflammation, malnutrition, hypogonadism, glucocorticoid therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other lifestyle factors, such as smoking or being sedentary, may contribute to reduced bone mass. At a molecular level the proinflammatory cytokines that contribute to the intestinal immune response in IBD and probably also in coeliac disease are also known to enhance bone resorption. The discovery of the role of the receptor to activated NFkappaB (RANK) interaction with its ligand RANKL in orchestrating the balance between bone resorption and formation may link mucosal and systemic inflammation with bone remodelling, since RANK-RANKL are also involved in lymphopoiesis and T-cell apoptosis. Low circulating leptin in response to weight loss in any gastrointestinal disease may be an important factor in reducing bone mass. This report will summarize current concepts regarding gastrointestinal diseases (primarily IBD, coeliac disease and postgastrectomy states) and low bone mass and fracture.

Bone Density↗
PubMed2001

Drugs in pregnancy. Gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal diseases in pregnancy can be divided into diseases specific to pregnancy, for example, hyperemesis gravidarum, obstetric cholestasis, HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and diseases incidental to pregnancy, for example, inflammatory bowel disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease and viral hepatitis. Disorders in the second category may present for the first time in pregnancy. This chapter considers the drug management of each of these conditions, with the exception of HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver. The preferred drug treatment and the known complications associated with their use in pregnancy are also described. Where possible, studies relating to the safety of different therapeutic options are discussed.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1975

Psychosomatic aspects of gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal diseases are notoriously protean in their modes of expression. The patient's description of symptoms is particularly important, but psychologic, physiologic, and social factors can cause data-base unreliability. Many of the patients termed crocks have symptoms referable to the gastrointestinal system, and they are at considerable health risk, since they usually alienate health care personnel. Patients with pancreatitis usually have a history of heavy alcohol intake which also needs treatment. Behavioral disturbances are related to toxic psychosis. Pancreatic carcinoma has a higher incidence of associated psychiatric symptoms than other types of cancer. Biologic, psychologic, and environmental factors all interact dynamically to cause peptic ulcer disease. There is a high correlation between the severity of inflammatory bowel disease and degree of emotional disturbances.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Nutritional factors in bovine gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal disorders may be prevented through proper nutrition. Attention should be placed on establishing optimum feeding programs for cattle in all stages of the life and production cycle. Normal reticuloruminal development in calves and maintenance of gastrointestinal function in adult cattle is dependent upon adequate nutrition. Nutrition is also an important part of therapy of many gastrointestinal disorders.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Acid-base disturbances in gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal disorders are associated with severe and often complex acid-base disturbances. We review the most important types of metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis associated with gastrointestinal disorders, excluding liver disease. Special emphasis is placed on pathophysiologic mechanisms. This information may help the clinician understand the generation and maintenance of these disorders and to plan an effective therapeutic approach.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed2002

Complementary and alternative veterinary medicine and gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic diseases provide a significant challenge to the veterinary practitioner. Specific causes and effective therapies can be elusive and sometimes frustrate both the animal caretaker and the veterinarian. The therapeutic options of a conventional veterinary practice are frequently limited and may come down to a decision of which is worse: the disease or the side effects of the treatment. This article provides information for the veterinary practitioner to consider for expanding his/her options. Acupuncture, herbal remedies, and homeopathy are not newly discovered modalities. They are old practices that are getting a fresh look from Western medicine as we seek new ways to better serve our patients and clients. The goal of this article is to provide the reader with many ideas and sufficient solid information to consider the use of these options. Specific therapies are suggested for numerous gastrointestinal and liver problems. Many of these may be used in conjunction with conventional therapies to aid in the healing process.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Celiac disease. A gastrointestinal disease with environmental, genetic, and immunologic components.

In summary, research in immunogenetics, protein chemistry, and molecular biology is leading to a greater understanding of the contribution of genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors to the etiopathogenesis of celiac disease. Taken together, the findings discussed in this article suggest that understanding of the contribution of a major genetic factor to celiac disease susceptibility is closer at hand. Thus, the pathogenesis of celiac disease appears to involve an interaction between the gene products of the HLA class II D region on chromosome 6 and the gliadin proteins, possibly because of their homology with an intestinal viral protein. A logical extension of these findings would predict that T cells, particularly CD4 T cells, play a key role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease by virtue of their recognition of a gliadin or viral peptide in conjunction with the HLA class II D-region gene products. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms by which the HLA class II genes and their products contribute to celiac disease is not known. Further, the precise peptide sequence in gliadin that interacts with the relevant HLA class II D-region molecule is not known. Finally, the role of CD4 T cells in the pathogenesis of celiac disease, either directly or indirectly by their ability to regulate other T-cell subsets and antibody-producing B cells, remains to be defined. The lessons learned and to be learned from celiac disease will substantially increase our understanding of the mechanisms that are important in this disease as well as in other intestinal and HLA-associated autoimmune diseases.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed2001

Serum IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies in coeliac disease and other gastrointestinal diseases.

We investigated the presence of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies in untreated coeliac disease (CD) and other gastrointestinal diseases, and compared IgA tTG concentrations with anti-endomysium (EMA) immunofluorescent findings. The study included 116 untreated CD patients (74 female, 42 male, age range 15-78 years, median 47 years), 82 treated CD patients, 65 patients with normal duodenal histology, 260 disease control samples and 29 healthy volunteers. IgA anti-tTG, EMA, and anti-gliadin (AGA) antibodies were measured. Serum total IgA was measured in the CD patients. Two IgA-deficient untreated CD patients were excluded. IgA EMA and IgA AGA were positive in 99 (87%) and 69 (61%), respectively, of the 114 untreated CD patients. Elevated IgA anti-tTG were found in 92/114 (81%) untreated coeliacs, 1/82 (1%) treated coeliacs, 2/65 (3%) non-coeliacs, 10/260 (4%) disease controls and 2/29 (7%) volunteers. Four of the untreated CD patients, with a normal serum total IgA concentration, were negative for all the serological tests. IgA anti-tTG concentrations were significantly higher in untreated coeliacs (median 10200 units/ml) than in other groups (Mann-Whitney, p<0.00001) and compared well with IgA EMA titres (r(2)=0.54; p<0.0001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Food allergy and gastrointestinal diseases.

Several gastrointestinal diseases and symptoms have been attributed to food intolerance, but in only a few cases has the participation of immune mechanisms been confirmed. Acute or chronic gastroenteritis is commonly due to allergic reactions to food proteins, inflammatory diseases and infections, or the presence of immunological defects may induce secondarily a food allergic disorder. This review will focus on the immunopathogenetical importance of the mucosal and systemic defenses, and the absorption of food proteins by the gut.

Angioedema↗