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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Proposal of three subspecies of Fusobacterium nucleatum Knorr 1922: Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum subsp. nov., comb. nov.; Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov.; and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov.

Heterogeneity among isolates of Fusobacterium nucleatum has been recognized for many years. The phenotypic properties of 340 strains considered to be F. nucleatum were examined. While these strains were phenotypically similar and fit the description of F. nucleatum, they could be differentiated into three groups on the basis of electrophoretic patterns of whole-cell proteins and DNA homology. Strains in groups I and II showed greater than 80% DNA homology within groups and less than 75% similarity between groups. Strains of group III demonstrated greater than 85% DNA homology to each other and less than 65% similarity to strains in groups I and II. We propose that Fusobacterium nucleatum be divided into the following three subspecies: Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, with type strain ATCC 25586; Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, with type strain ATCC 10953; and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii, with type strain ATCC 49256.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1991

Proposal of two subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum (Flügge) Moore and Holdeman: Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Flügge 1886), and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Hallé 1898).

The biological and biochemical properties, DNA base compositions, and levels of DNA-DNA homology of two biovars of Fusobacterium necrophorum were examined. Some differences were found between the two biovars in biological and biochemical properties. The G + C contents of DNAs from biovar A strains VPI 2891T (T = type strain), NCTC 10576, N167, Fn47, and Fn43, were 32, 30, 29, 28, and 31 mol%, respectively. The G + C contents of DNAs from biovar B strains Fn524T, 606, Fn49, Fn45, and 1260 were 30, 31, 27, 31, and 30 mol%, respectively. Labeled DNA from biovar A strain VPI 2891T exhibited 100 to 80% relatedness to DNAs from biovar A strains and 59 to 51% relatedness to DNAs from biovar B strains. Labeled DNA from biovar B strain Fn524T exhibited 100 to 81% relatedness to DNAs from biovar B strains and 71 to 60% relatedness to DNAs from biovar A strains. Therefore, the names Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Flügge 1886), and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Hallé 1898), are proposed for Fusobacterium necrophorum biovars A and B, respectively. The type strain of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum is strain VPI 2891 (= JCM 3718 = ATCC 25286), and the type strain of F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme is strain Fn524 (= JCM 3724).

Base Composition↗
PubMed1992

Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. fusiforme subsp. nov. and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis subsp. nov. as additional subspecies within Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Using a variety of physiological, biochemical, and molecular systematic analyses, we have shown previously that there are four groups within the species Fusobacterium nucleatum. Two of these groups of strains correspond to the recently proposed taxa F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum. In this paper we show that the two remaining groups are distinct and formally propose that they should be recognized as F. nucleatum subsp. fusiforme (type strain, NCTC 11326) and F. nucleatum subsp. animalis (type strain, NCTC 12276). The tests which we used did not allow a full assessment of the status of F. nucleatum subsp. vincentii compared with F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1981

New medium selective for Fusobacterium species and differential for Fusobacterium necrophorum.

Fusobacterium egg yolk agar is a new medium selective for Fusobacterium species and differential for Fusobacterium necrophorum. The medium is a Brucella Agar base (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) containing vancomycin, neomycin, josamycin, and egg yolk. All species of fusobacteria grew with only minimal inhibition. The mean log difference in counts between Fusobacterium egg yolk agar and control media for 30 strains of seven species of fusobacteria was 0.1922. F. necrophorum typically showed a strong lipase reaction. Most other organisms were significantly inhibited by the medium.

Agar↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of shared antigens of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum.

Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum are gram-negative, non-spore-forming anaerobic rods, frequently isolated from the normal flora and diseased lesions of the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. F. necrophorum is also known to be an animal pathogen. Studies were undertaken with rabbit anti-F. nucleatum sera and with human adult periodontitis (AP) sera that demonstrated the sharing of antigens between the two species. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis studies of Fusobacterium species with rabbit anti-F. nucleatum sera demonstrated the presence of shared antigen(s) between F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum. Adsorption studies of AP sera in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated the presence of antibodies reacting with the shared antigens of the two species. Immunoblot (IB) analysis of a soluble protein preparation of the two species of Fusobacterium, when allowed to react with rabbit anti-F. nucleatum 10197 serum, demonstrated 53 kDa and 30 kDa bands present in members of the two species. Further, IB analysis of protein preparations of the two species with AP sera indicated the presence of antibodies reacting with the shared 53 kDa band and in some cases the 30 kDa band. During serological testing with antisera or host immune studies with human sera to these species, the presence of shared antigens must be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Recognition of biovar C of Fusobacterium necrophorum (Flügge) Moore and Holdeman as Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum sp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Prévot 1940).

The cellular morphology, colonial morphology, biochemical properties, DNA base compositions, and DNA-DNA homolgies of three biovars of Fusobacterium necrophorum were examined. Some differences were found among the three biovars in cellular morphology, colonial morphology, and biochemical properties. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of DNAs from biovar C strains Fn521T (T = type strain), Fn522, and Fn520 were 30.4, 29.3, and 28.0 mol%, respectively, and the guanine-plus-cytosine contents of DNAs from strains VPI 2891 (biovar A) and VPI 6161 (biovar B) were 31.3 and 32.0 mol%, respectively. Labeled DNA from biovar C strain Fn521T exhibited 96 and 82% relatedness to DNAs from biovar C strains Fn522 and Fn520, respectively; however, it exhibited only about 10% relatedness to DNAs from strains of biovars A and B. Labeled DNAs from strains VPI 2891 and VPI 6161 exhibited more than 70% relatedness to each other, but about 6 to 20% relatedness to DNAs from biovar C strains. Therefore, Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum sp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Prévot 1940) is proposed for Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar C. The type strain is strain Fn521 (= JCM 3722).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Molecular characterization of a 40-kDa outer membrane protein, FomA, of Fusobacterium periodonticum and comparison with Fusobacterium nucleatum.

The 40 kDa-outer membrane protein FomA of Fusobacterium periodonticum ATCC 33693 was found to exhibit heat modifiable properties, typical for a porin, and N-terminal sequencing indicated a close relationship to the porin FomA of Fusobacterium nucleatum. A polymerase chain reaction approach was therefore applied for sequencing the fomA gene of F. periodonticum, and nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were aligned and compared with the corresponding sequences of different strains of F. nucleatum. In all strains we found a common protein upstream of the fomA gene. The noncoding area upstream of the putative -35 region of the F. periodonticum fomA gene exhibited little sequence similarity with the F. nucleatum gene. The transcriptional unit of FomA, on the other hand, was very similar, with the similarities concentrated in domains that were interspersed with hypervariable regions. A topology model was made and compared with those made for F. nucleatum. This indicated that the great similarities reside in the membrane-spanning segments of the protein, while most cell surface exposed loops were hypervariable. The results strongly support the proposed model for FomA and also indicate that these taxa are related but on a lower level than the subspecies level. The codon usage of F. periodonticum is comparable to that of F. nucleatum, and the triplet AGA is the only codon used for arginine.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Bone resorption stimulated by lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Veillonella, and by the lipid A and the polysaccharide part of Fusobacterium lipopolysaccharide.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from oral strains of Veillonella, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides stimulated the release of 45Ca from prelabeled fetal rat bones in culture. There was a typical dose-response relationship between the quantities of released 45Ca and LPS used for stimulation. Bacteroides-LPS proved to be the less active inducer of 45Ca release. LPS had no stimulating effect on the release of 45Ca from devitalized bone. The stimulated 45Ca release was paralleled by an increase in the culture medium of hydroxyproline and lactate. This, together with the findings of numerous osteoclasts in stained histological specimens of the experimental bones, indicates that LPS stimulated the osteoclasts to bone resorption. Heparin, which did not directly induce 45Ca release, potentiated the bone resorption stimulating capability of LPS. The lipid A and the polysaccharide portion of Fusobacterium LPS also stimulated bone resorption and, remarkably, the polysaccharide portion showed the greatest activity. This may explain the mode of action of LPS lacking a typical lipid A. It is suggested that stimulation of osteoclasts by LPS may result from activation of complement components by lipid A or its polysaccharide portion.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Similarities between Fusobacterium nucleatum and bacteroides fragilis studied by two DNA probes derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified oligonucleotide DNA probe corresponding to a Fusobacterium nucleatum Fevl DNA region coding for a 40-kDa major outer-membrane protein (OMP) and a randomly cloned 2.1 kb DNA probe were found to recognize DNA from the Gram-negative bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis on Southern blots and slot blots. The results indicate sequence similarity within the DNA fragments studied. Immunoblots tested with polyclonal antibodies against whole cells of F. nucleatum revealed only weak antigen similarity between these species.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of extracellular enzymes of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme.

A total of 10 strains each of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme were tested for the production of 13 extracellular enzymes. DNase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase were predominantly associated with all the strains of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, with DNase not detected in any of the strains of F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme. In addition, the strains of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum were generally more hemolytic than those of F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme. Lecithinase, beta-lactamase, elastase, hyaluronidase, chondroitin sulfatase, and coagulase were not detected in any of the strains. DNase may be used to differentiate between the two subspecies.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

Intergeneric coaggregation of oral Treponema spp. with Fusobacterium spp. and intrageneric coaggregation among Fusobacterium spp.

A total of 22 strains of Treponema spp. including members of all four named human oral species were tested for coaggregation with 7 strains of oral fusobacteria, 2 strains of nonoral fusobacteria, and 45 strains of other oral bacteria, which included actinobacilli, actinomyces, capnocytophagae, eubacteria, porphyromonads, prevotellae, selenomonads, streptococci, and veillonellae. None of the treponemes coaggregated with any of the latter 45 oral strains or with the two nonoral fusobacteria. All treponemes, eight Treponema denticola strains, eight T. socranskii strains, four oral pectinolytic treponemes, one T. pectinovorum strain, and one T. vincentii strain coaggregated with at least one strain of the fusobacteria tested as partners. The partners consisted of one strain of Fusobacterium periodonticum, five F. nucleatum strains including all four subspecies of F. nucleatum, and a strain of F. simiae obtained from the dental plaque of a monkey. In the more than 100 coaggregations observed, the fusobacterial partner was heat inactivated (85 degrees C for 30 min), while the treponemes were unaffected by the heat treatment. Furthermore, the fusobacteria were usually inactivated by proteinase K treatment, and the treponemes were not affected. Only the T. denticola coaggregations were inhibited by lactose and D-galactosamine. None were inhibited by any of 23 other different sugars or L-arginine. Intragenic coaggregations were seen among the subspecies of F. nucleatum and with F. periodonticum, and none were inhibited by any of the sugars tested or by L-arginine. No intrageneric coaggregations were observed among the treponemes. These data indicate that the human oral treponemes show a specificity for oral fusobacteria as coaggregation partners. Such cell-to cell contact may facilitate efficient metabolic communication and enhance the proliferation of each cell in the progressively more severe stages of periodontal disease.

Endopeptidase K↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of haemolytic activity between Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme in vitro and in vivo.

Haemolytic activity of two subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum was compared in vitro and in vivo. F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (Fnn) showed a stronger activity than F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme (Fnf) in vitro. Haemolytic activity of Fnn and Fnf was 57.97%+/-1.90 and 17.33%+/-1.44, respectively, compared to complete haemolysis by distilled water. In the mice injected with Fnn, haemolysin was detected in the liver at a titre of from 1 : 16 to 1 : 128, and Fnn was recovered from all mice at a viable bacterial count of 10(5) to 10(6) cells per gram liver tissue. In the mice injected with Fnf, haemolysin titre was <1 : 2 to 1 : 32. No liver abscess was formed. The viable count of recovered bacteria was 10(3) to 10(5) cells per gram, except for two mice in which no Fnf was detected. The results suggest that haemolysin might be a virulence factor in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Intrageneric relationships of members of the genus Fusobacterium as determined by reverse transcriptase sequencing of small-subunit rRNA.

The phylogenetic interrelationships of 14 members of the genus Fusobacterium were investigated by performing a comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences of these organisms. The sequence data revealed considerable intrageneric heterogeneity. The four species Fusobacterium nucleatum (including F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, "F. nucleatum subsp. fusiforme," and "F. nucleatum subsp. animalis"), Fusobacterium alocis, Fusobacterium periodonticum, and Fusobacterium simiae, which colonize oral cavities, exhibited high levels of sequence homology with each other and formed a distinct group within the genus. Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium varium, and Fusobacterium ulcerans also formed a phylogenetically coherent group, as did the two species Fusobacterium gonidiaformans and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Fusobacterium russii and Fusobacterium necrogenes displayed no specific relationship with any of the other fusobacteria. The sequence data are discussed in the context of previous physiological and chemical findings.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

The relationship between Fusobacterium species and other flora in mixed infection.

Mixed infections with three Fusobacterium species and seven other bacterial species were studied in a subcutaneous abscess model in mice. Fifteen Fusobacterium isolates (eight F. nucleatum, four F. necrophorum, and three F. varium) and one isolate each of Bacteroides fragilis, B. asaccharolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. Electronmicrographs showed the presence of a thin mucopolysaccharide wall before and after inoculation into mice in 12 isolates which included all of 11 Fusobacterium isolates that induced subcutaneous abscesses. After co-inoculation of Fusobacterium isolates with other species and selective therapy with antimicrobial agents, S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were found to be of equal or greater importance in abscess induction than were Fusobacterium isolates, while Fusobacterium isolates were found to be more important than Group A streptococci and E. coli. Mutual enhancement of the numbers of organisms in mixed infections was observed with Fusobacterium spp. and K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or Bacteroides spp. Suppression of Fusobacterium spp. was noticed only when they were co-inoculated with Group A streptococci. The additive or synergistic capabilities of Fusobacterium species highlighted their potential pathogenicity in infection.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli: Their role in infection and patterns of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. II. Little-known Fusobacterium species and miscellaneous genera.

Twenty infrequently reported species of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli other than Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and members of the genus Bacteroides were studied with regard to their role in infection and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. In addition, the literature regarding the recovery of these organisms from both the normal flora and infections of humans was reviewed. During a six-year period at the Wadsworth Clinical Anaerobic Bacteriology Research Laboratory (Veterans Administration Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif.), 39 (6%) of 679 specimens obtained from anaerobic infections yielded "other gram-negative anaerobic bacilli" (OGNAB). Fusobacterium naviforme, Fusobacterium gonidiaformans, Fusobacterium varium, Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Fusobacterium russii were the most commonly isolated OGNAB. Most of the OGNAB tested were resistant to erythromycin, and most strains, except for F. varium, were susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics and clindamycin. Chloramphenicol and metronidazole were active against all strains of OGNAB tested. Certain Fusobacterium species are undoubtedly previously unrecognized members of the normal flora of the oropharynx, upper respiratory tract, or urogenital tract and may be present in infections derived from these floras.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lack of constitutive beta-glucosidase (esculinase) in the genus Fusobacterium.

Esculin has been incorporated into both a medium and test with 20% bile for many years to differentiate Bacteroides from Fusobacterium organisms. After 24 to 48 h, all members of the Bacteroides fragilis group grow in 20% bile and hydrolyze esculin. Fusobacterium mortiferum can both grow in bile and hydrolyze esculin, thus limiting the use of the bile-esculin medium and test. The hypothesis that constitutive esculinase (beta-glucosidase) could differentiate Bacteroides from Fusobacterium organisms was investigated. Clinical isolates and American Type Culture Collection clones of the B. fragilis group and other species of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium were tested. All B. fragilis were positive within 30 min. In no case was a Fusobacterium organism positive for constitutive enzyme in a hydrolyzable substrate-based test. The percentage of positive results for other species of Bacteroides agreed with those published in the literature for the esculin test. The genus Fusobacterium can be separated from Bacteroides organisms based on a lack of constitutive beta-glucosidase in the former in a 30-min one-tube test.

Bacteroides↗