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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The entire nucleotide sequence of friend-related and paralysis-inducing PVC-441 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) and its comparison with those of PVC-211 MuLV and Friend MuLV.

PVC-441 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is a member of the PVC group of Friend MuLV (F-MuLV)-derived neuropathogenic retroviruses. In order to determine the molecular basis for the difference in neuropathogenicity between PVC-441 and the previously characterized PVC-211 MuLVs, the entire nucleotide sequence of PVC-441 MuLV was determined and compared with those of PVC-211 and F-MuLV. The results suggest that PVC-441 and PVC-211 MuLVs were formed as a result of random mutations of F-MuLV and developed differently. The distinct pathogenicities of PVC-441 and PVC-211 MuLVs were maintained in the viruses regenerated from their molecular clones, and the sequences responsible for the pathological differences observed can be localized to the env gene. The amino acid sequence of PVC-441 deduced from its nucleotide sequence revealed a number of differences from PVC-211, the most striking of which was a difference at position 129 of the SU proteins in the two viruses. Host range studies with a brain capillary endothelial cell line (RTEC-6) and Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) revealed that PVC-441, like PVC-211, could infect these cells but its efficiency of infection was lower than that of PVC-211. These results may account for the difference in neuropathogenicity between PVC-441 and PVC-211.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Factors affecting induction of neurological disorders in mice by paralysis-inducing Friend-related PVC viruses.

Our previous studies showed that the passage of the Friend virus complex through rats generated variant MuLVs, designated PVC111, PVC211, PVC321 and PVC441, that induced neurological disorders associated with tremor and paralysis. In this study, we tested the pathogenicity of four different PVC viruses in mice. Although histopathological studies revealed spongiform degeneration in the spinal cords of NFS mice infected with each PVC virus, only PVC441 frequently induced tremor and paralysis. After a long latency, all of these viruses induced leukemia associated with severe anemia. Further studies with PVC441 revealed dose- and age-dependence for tremor induction. In contrast to NFS mice, BALB/c, DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice infected with PVC441 virus showed no neurological symptoms, although the virus could be isolated from the tissues of central nervous system. Despite the absence of neurological symptoms, a high degree of neuronal degeneration in the lumbar spinal cord was found in PVC441-infected BALB/c mice. A low degree of neuronal degeneration was found in PVC441-infected DBA/2 or C57BL/6 mice. Genetic crosses of these resistant mice with susceptible NFS mice indicated that resistance to tremor induction by PVC441 was dominant in all mouse strains and suggested that various host genes may control the susceptibility of mice to tremor induction by PVC441 virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Relatives and friends group in a psychiatric ward.

To enable relatives and friends of psychiatric patients in a 30-bed acute admission ward to meet the staff team together a relatives and friends group was initiated. The group was intended to provide a forum for questions about the patients' illness and treatment; allow feelings, such as anger and anxiety, about the patient's illness to be expressed; and enable relatives and friends to share their experiences and offer advice and support to each other. A study was designed to assess the feasibility of the group scheme. Relatives and friends were invited to the day room of the admission ward each Wednesday evening for one hour. The visitors chose their own topics for discussion and the staff team tried to answer questions and to facilitate a free exchange of views. An account of each meeting was documented, including details of attenders, the nature of the topics raised, and a simple measurement of some of the emotions expressed by the visitors. Overall, the effect of the meetings seemed positive and productive, for they allowed relatives and friends to ask questions about many topics, to express pent-up emotions, and to gain a better understanding and tolerance of the patient's illness. The relatives and friends group has become an integral part of treatment on the wards. Now that the feasibility of such a group is established, further studies are required to evaluate its efficacy.

Communication↗
PubMed1978

Attitudes toward seeking pastoral help in the event of the death of a close friend or relative.

This study examined correlates of seeking help from clergymen in the event of the death of a close friend or relative. Demographic factors and attitudes toward seeking pastoral help in the event of the death of a close friend or relative were examined in 116 subjects. Half the subjects were undergraduates and half were from local congregations. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, religious affiliation, marital status, and intensity of religious belief were related to favorableness of help-seeking attitudes. Findings concerning sex of the subject were consistent with those in more general studies on help seeking. The remainder of the findings were in the opposite direction from comparable studies where the source of help was a mental health professional and the circumstances for seeking help are unspecified.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Psychiatric patients' experiences in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and in religious support--a pilot study.

In the Psychiatric Hospital "Vrapce" an investigation on a 200 patient sample was carried out in the year 2000. The purpose of the investigation was to analyze the examinees' experiences of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and religious support. 35.5% of the examinees had had previous experiences of CAM and religious support. The examinees born in towns used CAM methods and religious support significantly more often. The schizophrenic patients used CAM methods and religious support significantly more frequently than the patients with affective and anxiety disorders. Non-significantly more often CAM methods and religious support were utilized by women, examinees between 21 and 30 years of age, persons who graduated from junior college, those who live in cohabitation and patients of Islamic religion. Patients consulted priests most often. Significantly more often patients did not pay for the CAM treatments and religious support and non-significantly more often patients considered CAM therapy and religious support to be successful. Non-significantly more often patients consulted CAM practitioners and religious practitioners without being previously advised by their relatives or friends. Relatives ofthe patients advised them to consult CAM practitioners and religious practitioners significantly more often than the friends of the patients did. Considering the possible missed benefits and harm effects of CAM treatment as well as of the interaction between utilization of CAM methods/religious support and conventional treatment, this problem should be given full attention. Further investigations are required.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Rural families as resources for family members who are mentally ill: a call for nursing involvement.

The concept of Rooming In, developed by country psychiatrist Mike Richardson, is presented as an exemplar of an innovative mental health family nursing concept and provides a context for the further evaluation of the nurse's role in family care. Rooming In involves the 24-hour voluntary care of a mentally ill person by a close friend or relative on the general hospital ward. This article describes a descriptive, qualitative pilot research project conducted in a rural general hospital in New South Wales, Australia. Six family members, their mentally ill relatives, friends, and registered nursing staff were interviewed for the study. Data are presented as categories derived from the analysis of interview transcripts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

The take-home message: patients prefer consultation audiotapes to summary letters.

PURPOSE: Despite reports of poor patient understanding and recall after cancer consultations, few doctors provide communication aids. We conducted a randomized trial comparing an audiotape of the consultation versus individualized summary letters to patients after their first consultation with a medical oncologist. METHODS: One hundred eighty-two cancer patients were randomized to receive either (1) the audiotape followed 7 to 10 days later by the letter or (2) the letter followed by the audiotape. Outcome measures included patient recall, anxiety and depression, satisfaction with and use of the communication aids, and patient preferences for six communication options. Demographic and disease variables and information and involvement preferences were documented. RESULTS: Eighty percent of patients wanted all information and 72% wanted to participate in treatment decisions. Patients listened to the tape on average 2.3 times and read the letter 2.8 times over 4 weeks, and 90% showed the tape or letter to a friend, relative, or doctor. Satisfaction with the tape and letter were uniformly high and they did not differentially affect recall, anxiety, or depression. When asked to rank six communication options, 46% of patients gave the highest rank to the tape and 21% to the letter. CONCLUSION: Patients use audiotapes of their cancer consultation and individualized letters to review the information given and communicate information to relatives and friends. They prefer audiotapes to letters. Clinicians should consider installing audiotape-recording facilities that could be used to tape new-patient consultations.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Feasibility of thalassaemia control by extended family screening in Indian context.

Thalassaemia is one of the most common genetic disorders in India. Its control is possible by screening of general population for carrier status and by antenatal diagnosis in couples at risk of having a child with thalassaemia. This study explored the feasibility of screening the extended family to detect carriers to prevent birth of thalassaemic children and identified the barriers to its acceptance. One hundred parents with thalassaemic child on a regular hypertransfusion programme were interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire. The results showed that 96% of them were more willing to share information on their thalassaemic children with relatives and friends. Relatives of 62 parents accepted the risk of being a carrier, and 14 families got themselves tested for it so far. Another 34 families could not get themselves tested due to non-availability of screening facilities in the nearby town, high cost of the test, and lack of sufficient motivation. It is concluded that, by and large, parents have no reservations in sharing information on their affected children with their relatives, but the communication needs to be improved for all families to accept the risk of having a thalassaemic child. There is also a need to make the screening more readily available and to motivate high-risk groups through awareness-raising programmes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Daily stress and recurrence of genital herpes simplex.

It is widely believed that emotional stress triggers recurrences of both oral and genital herpes simplex virus. On a daily basis, we studied 64 subjects prospectively for 1 to 3 months; all subjects had at least one culture-proved recurrence of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 before or during the study. All subjects filled out a questionnaire that measured psychological/emotional stress in six areas: physical health, relations with friends, relations with family, relations with sex partner(s), financial, and vocation/education. These questionnaires were mailed back to us daily. Data were analyzed by General Linear Models analysis of variance to compare stress reported on each of the 6 days before a recurrence with that on days during or after a recurrence, as well as days not temporally related to recurrence. Under these conditions, in which retrospective bias was minimized, there was no significant increase in psychological/emotional stress on any day in any area preceding a recurrence of genital herpes simplex virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

High touch in high tech: the presence of relatives and friends during resuscitative efforts.

Hospital emergency departments traditionally have policies that require relatives and friends to wait out the resuscitative attempt of their loved ones in a counseling room. In recent years, this widespread practice has been questioned. In some hospitals, family members and friends are given the option to attend the resuscitative effort. Based on in depth interviews, three different resuscitation perspectives to which health care providers subscribe have been identified. According to the advocates of the survival framework, the only goal that a resuscitation should achieve is to save a human life. In the bifurcated perspectives, a resuscitation has two separate goals: saving lives and taking care of family members. Health care providers who subscribe to the holistic framework are still concerned with survival of the patient, but significant others become participants in the resuscitation process.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

[Self-evaluation maintenance processes in time sequential changes of relations between friend choice and school performance].

The purpose is to elucidate the sequential change in relations between students' friend choice and their school performance in terms of self-evaluation maintenance model. One hundred and thirty-five elementary school children and one hundred and twenty junior high school students were used as subjects of this survey. On the two questionnaires, each student was asked how he rated his own school performance, that of his friend, and that of his distant classmate, on both the high and low relevant subjects. According to the result of the survey, most students changed the combinations of each factor (relevance, closeness, school performance) in order to maintain their desirable self-evaluation. A time sequential analysis showed that students' self-evaluation maintenance processes were not so much based on their own ratings of school performance as on actual grades. It also showed that self-evaluation maintenance and personality traits were related to each other: As for elementary school children, their personality traits were related to the ratings of their own school performance and of their friends' school performance.

Achievement↗
PubMed2001

Accompany the sick: a unique practice in Chinese hospitals by patients' relatives and friends.

There is a practice commonly found in many Chinese hospitals called 'accompany the sick' (pei ban). It means that many patients' relatives or friends 'live' with patients in the hospital. Such practice can benefit patients in that the visitors are providing psychological support and carrying out some bedside nursing care to the patients. However, it also creates many problems to nurses and hospitals such as overcrowding, an over-demand of hospital resources, and maintaining quality care. There is no study of such practice. In order to gain better understanding of 'accompany the sick', its impact on nursing practice and nursing professional development, identifying the contributing factors of such practice is needed. This is an ethnographic case study of a public hospital in western China. The study has discovered a number of factors that contribute to the practice, such as the Chinese concept of duty of care, the geographic and economic situation, and the unique culture of nursing practice. This is a pilot study and the result of this study will contribute to further study in nurses' work in China.

China↗
PubMed1984

An investigation into the response of subjects to a plaque control programme as influenced by friends and relatives.

The aim of the present study was to assess the response of patients to a course of instruction in plaque control as influenced by friends and relatives. The subjects in the study were 41 patients who had been referred to a dental hospital for treatment. There was a major reduction in plaque and gingivitis levels in the subjects at both the 10th and 14th weeks of the study. There was a greater proportional reduction in gingivitis levels in those subjects who had a higher number of reported discussions with their friends. The effect of discussions with members of the family was less clear. Lower values for gingivitis levels at 10 weeks were associated with a higher number of discussions with parents. However the levels of gingivitis tended to be adversely affected by discussions between the subjects and their spouses. The importance of recognising the influence of family and friendship networks needs to be understood when preventive programmes are designed, especially where high levels of self-care are sought as outcomes. Further work is in progress on a group of office workers being treated in a dental practice environment. This will allow the type of advice being obtained from the various contacts to be investigated in more detail.

Adult↗