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Results for “Fractures, Cartilage”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Thyroid cartilage fracture repair in rabbits: comparing healing with wire and miniplate fixation.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate cartilaginous healing in rabbits in response to surgically created thyroid cartilage fractures. Compare healing between laryngeal fracture repair techniques. STUDY DESIGN: Animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laryngectomy specimens were analyzed at 10 weeks, following paired wire fixation (n = 7) and miniplate fixation (n = 7) of thyroid cartilage fractures. RESULTS: Cartilaginous unions were present in all seven of the miniplated repairs, while fibrous unions were present in six of the wired repairs. The measure of distraction at the fracture site was significantly greater in the wired repairs compared with the plated repairs (P = .005). Furthermore, in five of seven miniplated repairs no distraction at the healed fracture site was present. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the ease, tolerability, and superiority of the miniplate fixation technique for the thyroid cartilage fractures, based on a rabbit model.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Costal cartilage fractures as revealed on CT and sonography.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the CT and sonographic appearance of 15 costal cartilage fractures observed in eight patients. CONCLUSION: On CT, fracture was seen as a low-density area through the costal cartilage, with surrounding calcifications present near old fractures, and gas density within the cleft in some cases. On sonography, cartilage fracture appeared as an interruption of the smooth anterior aspect of the cartilage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phonatory effects of thyroid cartilage fractures.

Blunt trauma can cause a wide range of injuries to the cartilaginous framework of the larynx. The severity of injury that is required to cause a permanent disorder of vocal function if left untreated has not been defined. A study using excised canine and human larynges was undertaken to identify the effects of minimal displacement or malalignment in simulated thyroid cartilage fractures on selected voice production measurements. These fractures were found to cause changes in glottal configuration sufficient to affect glottal resistance as well as amplitude and noise content of the voice signal produced by each larynx. Therefore, relatively minor injuries of the thyroid cartilage may cause potentially serious disorders of phonation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Triradiate cartilage fracture associated with a transepiphyseal separation of the femoral head: a case report.

Fracture-separation of the capital femoral epiphysis is an extremely rare lesion, representing approximately 8% of femoral neck fractures according to the Delbet and Colonna classification. The prognosis is generally quite poor when it is associated with hip dislocation. Traumatic disruption of the triradiate cartilage is an uncommon lesion and may be associated with fusion of the physis with the possibility of progressive subluxation of the hip. We report an exceptional case combining a capital femoral transepiphyseal fracture and Salter-Harris type 2 triradiate cartilage injury that required surgical management. The anatomy of the lesion, the mechanism involved, and treatment options are discussed, along with a review of the literature.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1995

[Classification, significance and sequelae of posttraumatic "occult" bone and cartilage fractures of the knee. The role of magnetic resonance].

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) shows, in the post-traumatic knee, a fairly high number of bone and cartilage injuries missed by conventional radiography and therefore called occult. Our aim is to classify these injuries, to correlate their site and distribution with associated menisco-ligamentous injuries and with trauma mechanisms. Thirty-eight patients with a history of acute knee trauma and negative X-ray findings were examined with MRI within 15 days of trauma. 1.5- and 0.5-T units and SE T1-weighted GE T2*-weighted and SE T2-weighted sequences were used. The injuries were classified as intraosseous and osteochondral bruises or fractures. Twenty-three patients with menisco-ligamentous injuries were submitted to therapeutic arthroscopy; the sites of bone and cartilage injuries depicted with MRI were studied with arthroscopy. Seven patients were followed-up with MRI at 6-12 months to investigate subchondral injury evolution: 5 of 7 patients were also submitted to arthroscopy. MRI showed a statistically significant correlation between site and distribution of bone and cartilage injuries and between internal derangement and trauma mechanisms, i.e., contusion, distortion, stress. In our experience, MRI could identify and characterize occult subchondral injuries, thus allowing appropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effect of specimen thickness on fracture toughness of bovine patellar cartilage.

Fracture toughness and crack tip opening angle were measured for bovine patellar cartilage using modified single-edged notch specimens of two thicknesses. There was no difference in fracture toughness between thin (0.7 mm) versus relatively thick (2.7 mm) specimens, but the crack tip opening angle at initiation of crack propagation was larger for the thin specimens (106 deg) than for the thick specimens (70 deg). Fracture toughness of the bovine patellar cartilage (1.03 kJ/m2) was not statistically different than that reported previously for canine patellar cartilage (1.07 kJ/m2) employing the same methods. Large variation in measurements for both bovine and canine cartilage are in part attributable to variation between individual animals, and are consistent with variation in other mechanical property measurements for articular cartilage. The observed reduction in crack tip opening angle with increased specimen thickness is consistent with behavior of some engineering materials, and demonstrates that specimen thickness influences fracture behavior for bovine patellar cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Stable internal fixation of fractures of the partially mineralized thyroid cartilage.

Thyroid cartilage fractures due to external blunt trauma have typically been thought to occur in patients over the age of 40. Lack of mineralization of the cartilage has been considered to be the protective mechanism. Our experience with laryngeal injuries has demonstrated that younger persons are indeed at risk for thyroid cartilage fractures, and that these injuries may be easily overlooked. Although these fractures do not lead to laryngeal stenosis if untreated, they may cause noticeable phonatory changes. Fixation of these fractures is difficult because of the usual soft character of the unmineralized cartilage, prompting us to adopt a wire-tube fixation technique. This technique has been uniformly successful in restoring the anatomic contour of the thyroid cartilage, and our results appear to justify open reduction of these moderately displaced or angulated thyroid cartilage fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Fracture behaviour of cartilage-on-bone in response to repeated impact loading.

Cartilage-on-bone composite samples, of differing degrees of matrix stiffness of the cartilage, were subjected to repeated dynamic compression. In all but the most compliant cartilage, fractures always presented at 45 degrees to the articular surface and extended only to the boundary between the intermediate and deep zones of the cartilage matrix. Fractures were not initiated in cartilage of very low matrix stiffness, in which the articular surface and superficial zone are always poorly constructed, nor in high-stiffness cartilage in which the articular surface and superficial zone had been shaved off. It is postulated that an intact superficial layer is necessary for fracture initiation and that propagation of the fracture into the intermediate zone occurs along the planes of maximum resolved shear stress. Prolonged impaction can cause crushing of the underlying subchondral bone, the cartilage remaining structurally and mechanically unchanged. Thus under high rates of loading stress is transmitted to the bone, whilst the cartilage either remains unaffected or fails in a manner characteristic of a brittle material.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The ultrastructural cytology and chemical composition of fracture callus cartilage.

The differentiation and calcification of fracture callus cartilage studied by light microscopy resembles that of the epiphyseal plate cartilage. In this study, a correlation between the ultrastructural cytology and the chemical composition of the various cartilage types found in fracture callus was attempted. Fibrocartilage cells were very active with profuse secretion of collagen into the matrix. Collagen fibres were observed in close proximity to the cell membrane. Cells from hypertrophic and calcifying cartilage showed progressive degeneration while their mitochondria contain dense osmiophilic granules. Mitochondria granules were occasionally seen in fibrocartilage cells. The intercellular matrix of hypertrophic and calcifying cartilage showed needle-shaped crystals quite often arranged as a cluster in a radiated pattern. Chemical analyses of the various types of cartilage found in fracture callus demonstrated the presence of a high molecular weight bound phosphate and an increase of sialic acid in the differentiated types of cartilage.

Animals↗