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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Local compressibility of denture foundation--evaluation of denture foundation in relation to impression pressure].

The viscoelastic character of the denture foundation is different in each individual or site. The character of the mucosa and the appropriate impression procedure should be examined. However, few investigations concerning the relation between the compressibility of the denture foundation and the impression pressure have been reported. The purpose of this study was to discuss the objective evaluation of the denture foundation in relation to the impression pressure. In this report, the local compressibility of the denture foundation of 20 upper edentulous patients was measured with the 20 MHz B-Mode ultrasonic diagnostic equipment. The Compressible Index was defined to analyze the compressibility of the denture foundation quantitatively as against the impression pressure. The main results were as follows: 1. The compressible amount of the denture foundation against 100 gw/cm2 pressurization was an average of 0.32-0.61 mm. 2. The compressible rate of the denture foundation against 100 gw/cm2 pressurization was an average of 13.5-20.7%. 3. The Compressible Index was confirmed to represent the compressibility of the denture foundation accurately as against the impression pressure. 4. It was suggested that the Compressible Index was useful for the clinical simple evaluation of the denture foundation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Gene testing in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: results of National Kidney Foundation workshop. Scientific Advisory Board of the National Kidney Foundation.

Until recently the diagnosis of hereditary disorders was dependent on the phenotypic manifestation of those disorders. This created considerable obstacles for effective genetic counseling and family planning in late onset disorders, such as polycystic kidney disease. Moreover, in autosomal dominant disorders there is sufficient clinically variability that diagnosis could not always be established with certainty. For example, in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease clinicians were appropriately reluctant to confirm the diagnosis in a 20-year-old, at-risk family member with only a few scattered renal cysts. Moreover, they were equally unwilling to definitively remove any risk of development of the disease from a 20-year-old with normal, noncystic kidneys. Within the last decade, gene linkage and other gene identification techniques have provided new methodologies to surmount these dilemmas. However, these techniques also have produced new questions. In order to provide some guidance to clinicians and investigators utilizing the methodologies of recombinant DNA, genetic linkage, and gene identification the American Society of Genetics commissioned a panel to provide initial guidelines regarding DNA banking. The National Kidney Foundation task force is in agreement with the concepts this group has outlined. However, specific guidelines for the use of genetic linkage techniques in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease appeared necessary with the commercial availability of this diagnostic test.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sowing the seeds of neo-imperialism: the Rockefeller Foundation's yellow fever campaign in Mexico.

The Rockefeller Foundation's campaign against yellow fever in Mexico sought to advance the economic and political interests of U.S. capitalism. The campaign was implemented at a time of strong anti-American sentiments on the part of the Mexican people. With no diplomatic relationships between Mexico and the United States, the Rockefeller Foundation presented its campaign as an international commitment. Thus, Foundation doctors became the most salient U.S. diplomats. At the same time they made sure that the Mexican yellow fever would not spread to the United States through the southern border. The by-products of the campaign went beyond the political arena. Special techniques to combat the vectors allowed the Rockefeller Foundation's brigades to change the anti-American sentiments of the people. When the campaign ended, the Foundation had already set in place the foundation for the modern Mexican health care system. Benefits from the campaign also accrued to President Obregón, who used the campaign to strengthen his position of power. Mexican doctors adopting a pro-American attitude also allied with the Rockefeller Foundation to gain reputation and power within the emerging Mexican State.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1988

Foundation funding and psychiatric research.

Support for psychiatric research is limited to a relatively small number of funding sources. Foundations--nonprofit entities that support a variety of social, medical, educational, and other activities--are a potentially important source. The authors describe the role and structure of foundations, discuss historical trends in foundation support for research in mental illness, and present the results of a study of the extent to which foundations support mental health research. The results of this study confirm the paucity of foundation support for mental health research but show important differences and similarities among the foundations that support research in this field.

Foundations↗
PubMed1991

Application of beams on elastic foundation and B-spline solution methodologies to parametric analysis of intramedullary implant systems.

A simple numerical technique for parametric evaluation of orthopaedic implant systems, to be used as a screening tool before complex structural analysis (e.g. Finite Element Method), is the subject of this paper. A modified Beams on Elastic Foundation model (with non-constant foundation modulus) is solved using this numerical technique based on B-spline differential equation modelling. A model with variation in the modulus of the foundation, as solved with this spline technique, was compared with a model with constant foundation modulus, solvable with closed form techniques. While deflections were smaller, the reaction force was up to ten times greater for the models with constant modulus of foundation, compared with varying modulus. The model presented in this paper is a refinement of previous models using closed form solution techniques for foundations with constant moduli. It is primarily useful for detecting trends in parametric analyses, or to select specific cases for further analysis by more computationally intensive analytic methods.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2026

Biological Foundation Models for Complex Disease Research and Clinical Translation.

Complex diseases, including cancer, rare genetic disorders, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases, arise from interactions among genetic variation, gene regulation, and cellular states that are difficult to capture using a single data type or biological scale. Biological foundation models address this challenge by treating nucleotides and genes as tokens and learning representations that can be transferred to downstream biomedical and clinical tasks. In this review, we examine two major model classes, genomic sequence foundation models and cell foundation models, and compare their tokenization strategies, model architectures, pretraining objectives, and adaptation methods. We summarize their emerging applications in regulatory variant interpretation, disease-associated cell-state analysis, drug-response prediction, and therapeutic target discovery across complex diseases. We distinguish applications supported by experimental or retrospective validation from those that remain primarily computational or conceptual. We further discuss key challenges to clinical translation, including multimodal data integration, model interpretability, benchmarking, patient-specific prediction, and privacy protection. We highlight future opportunities to integrate biological foundation models with emerging frameworks of medical digital twins, agentic AI, and federated learning. By linking model design to translational goals, this review provides a practical framework for evaluating biological foundation models and their readiness for complex disease research and clinical use.

biological foundation model↗
PubMed1992

Professional paths chosen by past recipients of ASHP Foundation fellowships.

Past recipients of ASHP Foundation fellowships were surveyed to determine their professional activities and the impact of the fellowships on their careers. Questionnaires were mailed to 92 former fellowship recipients. Questions covered the respondents' education and postgraduate training, employment, job and career satisfaction, opinions on the ASHP Research and Education Foundation Fellowships Program, publications and presentations, achievements, experience, honors, and demographics. Respondents returned 77 usable questionnaires, for an 83.7% response rate. Most respondents worked primarily in academia or teaching; one fourth primarily taught. Most of the respondents indicated a positive attitude about both their professional careers and the ASHP Foundation Fellowships Program. Respondents have published (alone or as coauthors) 477 research articles and 359 professional articles; they have given 548 podium presentations and 438 poster presentations at national or regional scientific or professional meetings. Some respondents commented that the program helped them develop needed professional skills and urged that the program be continued. Some suggested that funding be increased to two years and that scoring and selection criteria be revised. Others suggested that the stipend be increased, the results be disseminated, and certain fellowships be re-established. The former ASHP Foundation fellows surveyed have made substantive contributions to the advancement of pharmacy and pharmaceutical science. ASHP Foundation fellowships seem to have favorably affected the professional careers of these fellowship recipients.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1992

Caring, virtue theory, and a foundation for nursing ethics.

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the use of a framework of virtue theory as a foundation for a nursing ethic embodied in the caring ideal. The first section summarizes the problems identified with traditional moral theory as a foundation for a nursing ethic based on the caring ideal. From these problems, adequacy conditions that a foundation must meet are identified. In section two, the basic ideas of virtue theory are sketched and an account of how virtue theory can be used as a foundation for a nursing ethic based on the caring ideal is discussed. Finally, virtue theory as a foundation for a nursing ethic à la caring is assessed against the adequacy conditions delineated in section one. The conclusion of this paper is that virtue theory does not offer a viable alternative to duty-based theories. While virtue theory provides promise in meeting the identified adequacy conditions, serious secondary issues arise that can not be immediately nor easily resolved.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1987

Foundation care: a treatment model for nonambulatory profoundly mentally retarded persons.

Two treatment models, Intermediate Care Facilities for the Mentally Retarded (ICF/MR) and Foundation Care, were compared with respect to their use in the institutional treatment of nonambulatory profoundly mentally retarded persons. Foundation Care is focused on physical and social environmental components of caregiving through emphases on health, nourishment, nurturance, stimulation, and play, with the goal of habilitation. Subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment models. We hypothesized that when compared to ICF/MR, the Foundation Care unit would use more resident-oriented management practices, have different caregiver resident interaction, and have residents who would exhibit more behavioral complexity. Baseline, 6-month, and 1-year measurements were made. Results supported the first and third hypotheses. Caregiver resident interaction was similar for both groups; however, Foundation Care staff used more tactile modalities and contingent interaction. We conclude that Foundation Care may be an appropriate alternative level of care for the nonambulatory profoundly retarded person.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Orthrus: Towards Evolutionary and Functional RNA Foundation Models.

In the face of rapidly accumulating genomic data, our ability to accurately predict key mature RNA properties that underlie transcript function and regulation remains limited. Pre-trained genomic foundation models offer an avenue to adapt learned RNA representations to biological prediction tasks. However, existing genomic foundation models are trained using strategies borrowed from textual domains that do not leverage biological domain knowledge. Here, we introduce Orthrus, a Mamba-based mature RNA foundation model pre-trained using a novel self-supervised contrastive learning objective with biological augmentations. Orthrus is trained by maximizing embedding similarity between curated pairs of RNA transcripts, where pairs are formed from splice isoforms of 10 model organisms and transcripts from orthologous genes in 400+ mammalian species from the Zoonomia Project. This training objective results in a latent representation that clusters RNA sequences with functional and evolutionary similarities. We find that the generalized mature RNA isoform representations learned by Orthrus significantly outperform genomic foundation models on mRNA property prediction tasks, and requires only a fraction of fine-tuning data to do so. Finally, we show that Orthrus is capable of capturing divergent biological function of individual transcript isoforms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

A Foundation Model Based CT Biomarker for Non-Invasive Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is clinically important yet remains challenging. Here, we introduce a foundation model-derived computed tomography (CT) imaging biomarker established from a multi-center cohort of 702 patients. Specifically, we developed and validated a non-invasive baseline CT-based model for risk stratification of pathological response. To address scanner and protocol heterogeneity, we first built a 3D Vision Mamba-based CT super-resolution model trained on 2494 cases for image standardization. We then fine-tuned a lung cancer-specific CT foundation model from a pretrained 3D model (VoCo) using 6643 chest CT scans. Finally, we constructed a multi-task Swin Transformer that jointly performs risk stratification and segments tumors to generate the imaging biomarker. Across five centers, the model achieved consistently strong generalization (AUC: 0.75-0.87) for pCR prediction. Genomic analysis revealed that the biomarker was independent of tumor mutational burden but significantly associated with TP53 mutations, suggesting an association with a radiogenomic phenotype related to this alteration. Together, these results demonstrate a generalizable and biologically meaningful foundation model-based biomarker for non-invasive risk stratification of pathological response in NSCLC.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Form and function of mental health authorities at Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Program sites: preliminary observations.

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Program on Chronic Mental Illness provides support for broad change in the organization, financing, and delivery of services in public systems of care for chronic mentally ill persons. To address the lack of an organizational locus of responsibility in these systems, the foundation proposed that each of the nine cities participating in the program create a mental health authority that would centralize administrative, clinical, and fiscal oversight. The authors present site-by-site observations of the developing mental health authorities at the end of the program's two-and-a-half-year planning phase. They conclude that although the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation grant represented a significant incentive for innovation, at this relatively early stage in the demonstration authorities at only a few sites had achieved direct clinical responsibility for chronic mentally ill persons. Although services had expanded, no site had yet developed a comprehensive system of care that included inpatient services as well as a full range of ambulatory, housing, and social welfare services.

Ambulatory Care↗