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Results for “Food-Processing Industry”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Pepsin immobilized on inorganic supports for the continuous coagulation of skim milk.

The milk-clotting enzyme pepsin was immobilized onto beads of alumina, titania, glass, stainless steel, iron oxide, and Teflon for treating skim milk in a fluidized-bed reactor. Two covalent attachment procedures using silanized supports and glutaraldehyde and two adsorption procedures were evaluated. The three best catalysts were titania and glass, using the covalent attachment procedure, and alumina, using the adsorption procedure at pH 1.2. The pepsin adsorbed on alumina catalyst has commercial potential compared to the previously used glass catalyst. Attempts to increase the stability of pepsin adsorbed on alumina by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde were unsuccessful owing to the low pH necessary for optimum pepsin adsorption; Desorption of pepsin from alumina during reactor operation was determined. Regeneration of spent catalysts was only partially successful.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1975

[Technological directions for processing rape proteins into protein concentrates and isolates].

Rape-seeds or rape-seed meal are relatively cheap, but valuable raw materials for the manufacture of protein concentrates and isolates which may be used as constituents of foodstuffs. The high content of crude fibres and also of thioglucosides leads to considerable difficulties in the development of techniques for the manufacture of high-grade protein preparations. To describe the procedure, certain production-technological properties of rape proteins are discussed, such as extraction parameters, coagulating conditions, processing temperature, amount of solvent, etc. On the basis of these data, the following techniques for the manufacture of rape protein products are presented: - protein concentration by means of the water diffusion method; - protein isolation with the aid of one or multi-stage extraction. Finally, the author reports of a fermenting procedure for the manufacture of protein biomass from coarse colza meal. Furthermore, he presents some data about the nutritional value of rape protein.

Food-Processing Industry↗
PubMed1975

[Mass transfer in production of milk protein coprecipitates].

During the last twenty years heat coagulation has become a more important technical procedure for the isolation of milk proteins because of its very efficient utilization of raw material. Experiments are reported to get approximation equations for the mass transfer in the production of milk protein coprecipitates from skim milk and mixtures of skim milk with rennet and acid whey by means of statistical planning and interpreting of experiments. Good exactness was reached. The coagula consist of casein fractions, whey protein fractions, calcium, and phosphates. The products are thermically rather stable, sensorically indifferent and contain water insoluble protein. They are suitable to improve the fat: protein ration of sausages, but also for the protein enrichment of other foods and for dietetic purposes.

Calcium↗
PubMed1975

Carcinogenic N-nitro-dimethylamine from the reaction of the analgesic amidopyrine and nitrite extracted from foodstuffs.

The reaction of the analgesic amidopyrine (100 mg) with nitrite extracted from cured meats and from spinach in varying degrees of spoilage was studied. Unde physiological conditions the carcinogenic dimethylnitrosamine was formed at milligram levels at nitrite concentrations as low as 4 mg (in 175 ml extracted from 100 g boiled ham). The rate of decrease in concentration in the human stomach after ingestion of amidopyrine and of nitrite contained in boiled ham or in a broth from boiled ham was also measured.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1975

[Behaviour of aflatoxin during production of processed cheese (author's transl)].

The problem of aflatoxin determination in processed cheese can be solved by the destruction of the emulsion with 6 m urea solution; the detection limit is 0.1-0.05 ppb B1 respectively G1. Examination of 115 trade samples resulted in 2 positive processed cheese samples only. This result cannot be reffered to the destruction of aflatoxins by the melting process, because neither at melting temperatures of 80-138 degrees C nor by melting salts and pH adjustments considerable losses could be observed, mostly below 5%.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1975

Detection of antithyroid residues in meat and some organs of slaughtered animals.

A simple method is described for the routine detection of antithyroid residues in thyroid, liver, kidney and meat contaminated at levels as low as 10 ppb (10 parts per 10(9)). Tissue samples (2 g) are homogenized in methanol, contaminating lipids and amino acids are removed and the antithyroid residues are subjected to reaction with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) in buffer. The NBD derivatives are extracted with diethyl ether and separated by thin-layer chromatography. After spraying with cysteine or mercaptoethylamine, the antithyroid residues appear as fluorescent spots. The detection limit of these compounds is of the order of 200 pg.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

International outbreak of Salmonella Eastbourne infection traced to contaminated chocolate.

Between Dec. 4, 1973, and Feb. 15, 1974, 80 cases of infection due to Salmonella eastbourne, previously a rare isolated serotype in the United States, were reported from twenty-three States. An additional 39 cases were reported from seven Provinces in Canada during a similar period. A telephone case-control study implicated Christmas-wrapped chocolate balls manufactured by a Canadian company as the vehicle of transmission. S. eastbourne was subsequently isolated from several samples of leftover chocolate balls obtained from homes where cases occurred. Investigation of the factory revealed that the contaminated Christmas and Easter chocolates, and a few chocolate items for year-round sale, had been produced between May and October, 1973. Bacteriological testing of samples taken at the plant implicated cocoa beans as the probable source of the salmonella organisms which, in the low-moisture chocolate, were able to survive heating during production. This outbreak and the finding of salmonella of other serotypes in chocolates produced by another manufacturer suggest that chocolate-related salmonellosis may be a significant public-health problem.

Cacao↗
PubMed1975

Thermal processing.

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Food Microbiology↗
PubMed1979

Trace elements and health: an overview.

Trace element deficiencies, toxicities and imbalances in man are more difficult to relate to geochemical factors than they are in farm animals. The reasons for this are discussed and examples of such differences between man and grazing animals presented. The most convincing evidence of a geochemical causal link with human disease comes from the incidence and distribution of endemic goitre. The influence of technological developments upon this relation is discussed. Other associations between the physical environment, including the air and drinking water, and to health are given and critically examined in relation to the criteria necessary to distinguish between association and causation. The nature and extent of man-made modifications of the natural geochemical environment through technological change are discussed in relation to intakes of Fe, I, Zn, Pb and Se and their relation, in turn, to human health and disease. The currently proposed permissible limits or maximum tolerances of potentially toxic elements are presented, and the importance to these tolerances of the chemical and physical forms of the element and their metabolic interactions with other elements is emphasized.

Agriculture↗