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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Impact of stress on objectively recorded menopausal hot flushes and on flush report bias.

The hot flush (or flash) is the most widely reported menopausal symptom. Anecdotal reports suggest that women experience more hot flushes when stressed. Although stress may actually trigger hot flushes, another possibility is that women under stress may be more aware of the physiological changes associated with flushes and, therefore, more likely to report them. The goal of this study was to test these hypotheses by investigating the association between stress and both objective (i.e., physiologically recorded) and subjective hot flushes. Twenty-one postmenopausal women who reported having frequent hot flushes each underwent psychophysiological monitoring during stressful and nonstressful laboratory sessions. Significantly more objective flushes were recorded during the stress session than during the nonstress session. The stress manipulation, however, did not affect subjects' propensity to report flushes. These results suggest that the observed association between reported hot flushes and stress is not due to changes in report bias. The physiological mechanisms through which stress may stimulate hot flushes are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Flushes, blushing or hot flushes].

Apart from physiological flushes represented by emotional or prudish blushing, post-prandial flushes and menopausal hot flushes, various pathologic flushes exist of various etiologies: endocrine, dysmetabolic, histaminic and iatrogenic. Their pathogenicity is based mainly on local metabolites secretion provoking vasodilatation of the intermediary microcirculation rather than of the terminal microcirculation. Treatment is a function of etiology and therefore of the patient's history and results of clinical examination, functional exploration and standard biologic tests.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A meta-analysis of effects of heparin flush and saline flush: quality and cost implications.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the effects of heparin flush and saline flush solutions on maintaining patency, preventing phlebitis, and increasing duration in peripheral heparin locks. The average effect size (d value) across 15 studies with a total sample size of 3,490 was .0573 for patency (clotting). The 95% credibility interval ranged from -.2267 to .3413. The average effect size across 13 studies with a total sample size of 2,356 was -.0757 for phlebitis. The 95% credibility interval ranged from -.2497 to .0983. The average effect size for duration across six samples with a total sample size of 1,960 was -.0550. The 95% credibility interval ranged from -.2424 to .1324. It can be concluded that saline is as effective as heparin in maintaining patency, preventing phlebitis, and increasing duration in peripheral intravenous locks. Quality of care can be enhanced by using saline as the flush solution, thereby eliminating problems associated with anticoagulant effects and drug incompatibilities. In addition, an estimated yearly savings of $109,100,000 to $218,200,000 U.S. health care dollars could be attained.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMed1989

Peripheral blood flow in menopausal women who have hot flushes and in those who do not.

OBJECTIVE: To compare blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral vascular responsiveness in menopausal women who have hot flushes and in those who do not, and to assess the effect on these variables of treating women who have hot flushes with oestriol, a natural oestrogen, given vaginally. DESIGN: An open, non-randomised cohort study of flushing and non-flushing menopausal women. A before and after investigation of the effects of vaginal oestriol treatment on the circulation. SETTING: Referral based endocrinology clinic. PATIENTS: 88 Consecutive menopausal women, 63 complaining of frequent hot flushes and 25 who had not flushed for at least a year. INTERVENTION: Treatment with vaginal oestriol 0.5 mg at night for six weeks in 18 of the women who had hot flushes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Peripheral blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography at rest and in response to stressful mental arithmetic and anoxic forearm exercises. Blood flow in the forearm and its variability were significantly higher in flushing than in non-flushing women (4.1 (SD 1.7) and 3.1 (0.9) ml/100 ml tissue/min and 17% and 13% respectively). Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood flow in the hand were, however, similar in the two groups. No difference was found in the peripheral incremental response to either stress or anoxic exercise. Vaginal oestriol significantly lowered forearm blood flow from 4.4 (1.5) to 3.3 (1.1) ml/100 ml tissue/min but dilator responsiveness was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: The peripheral circulation is different in menopausal women who have hot flushes compared with those who do not, with selective vasodilatation in the forearm. The lowered blood flow in the forearm after vaginal oestriol in flushing women may be relevant to the alleviation of vasomotor symptoms induced by oestrogen treatment.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1988

Harlequin syndrome: the sudden onset of unilateral flushing and sweating.

Facial flushing and sweating were investigated in five patients who complained of the sudden onset of unilateral facial flushing in hot weather or when exercising vigorously. One patient probably suffered a brainstem infarct at the time that the unilateral flush was first noticed, and was left with a subtle Horner's syndrome on the side opposite to the flush. The other four had no other neurological symptoms and no ocular signs of Horner's syndrome. Thermal and emotional flushing and sweating were found to be impaired on the non-flushing side of the forehead in all five patients whereas gustatory sweating and flushing were increased on that side in four of the five patients, a combination of signs indicating a deficit of the second sympathetic neuron at the level of the third thoracic segment. CT and MRI of this area failed to disclose a structural lesion but latency from stimulation of the motor cortex and thoracic spinal cord to the third intercostal muscle was delayed on the non-flushing side in one patient. The complaint of unilateral flushing and sweating was abolished in one patient by ipsilateral stellate ganglionectomy. The unilateral facial flushing and sweating induced by heat in all five patients was thus a normal or excessive response by an intact sympathetic pathway, the other side failing to respond because of a sympathetic deficit. The onset in the four cases of peripheral origin followed strenuous exertion, which suggested that an anterior radicular artery may have become occluded at the third thoracic segment during torsion of the thoracic spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Aspirin attenuation of alcohol-induced flushing and intoxication in Oriental and Occidental subjects.

Aspirin (ASA) was tested in a group of 8 Oriental and 3 Occidental subjects who were shown in a previous study to respond to small doses of ethanol (0.06-0.25 g/kg) with facial flushing. They were compared to a similar group of 11 non-flushing Occidental subjects following a larger ethanol dose (0.37 g/kg) to determine if similar effects could be produced in less sensitive individuals. Control tests of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde (AcH) levels (calculated from breath), facial and neck skin temperatures, body sway (Romberg test), blood pressure, heart rate and 10 Subjective High Assessment Scales (SHAS-Judd, 1977) were conducted before and at 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after drinking ethanol as vodka in orange juice. The tests were repeated one week later one hour after receiving 0.64 gm of ASA orally. ASA produced slight changes in the early absorption of ethanol and small decreases in AcH levels in the flushing and non-flushing groups. Facial flushing was markedly reduced in the flushing group, but was slightly increased in the non-flushing Occidentals. Body sway was reduced by ASA in both groups. An alcohol-induced increase in heart rate in the flushing group was reduced with no change in blood pressure. SHAS subjective parameters were widely variable, but indicated that ASA produced reduced sleepiness and earlier relaxation in the flushing group. It is concluded that ASA can block alcohol-induced facial flushing in sensitive subjects and also reduces body sway in the Romberg test and alters some subjective feelings of alcohol intoxication.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1992

A prospective randomized trial between Euro-Collins and University of Wisconsin solutions as the initial flush in hepatic allograft procurement.

University of Wisconsin solution is currently recognized as the best solution for long-term organ preservation. It is recommended that UW solution be used as the in situ flush prior to organ explantation. The purpose of our study was to determine if hepatic allograft function was impaired by flushing the graft in situ with Euro-Collins and later flushing the graft ex vivo with UW solution, prior to cold storage. Fifty-six donors were randomly assigned to either an EC (n = 24) or UW (n = 32) in situ flush. The livers flushed with EC in situ were later flushed with 1 L of UW on the back table and stored in UW solution. Livers flushed with UW in vivo were similarly flushed and stored in UW on the back table. Concerning the donor allograft, there was no statistical difference (P greater than 0.05) between groups in sex, race, blood type, arterial anatomy, age, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), total bilirubin (TBR), direct bilirubin (DBR), aspartate amino transferase (AST), or alanine amino transferase (ALT). In addition, the recipients were compared for differences in sex, race, blood type, preoperative status, number of rejections, recipient age, length of surgery, and ischemia time and patient survival. There was no significant difference between groups (P greater than 0.05). There was no significant difference in patient survival (P = 0.238). Values for TBR, AST, ALT, PT, PTT, and AP were collected immediately preoperatively and postoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. There was no difference between groups in these values (P greater than 0.05). In our study there was no difference between the groups with respect to graft performance. This would justify the use of EC as an in situ flush during solid organ procurement and flushing with UW solution on the back table with an estimated savings of $400 to $1200 per procurement.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1990

Genetic or cultural determinants of drinking: a study of embarrassment at facial flushing among Japanese and Japanese-Americans.

Facial flushing after the ingestion of alcohol is common among Asians. Flushers are genetically less able to tolerate alcohol than nonflushers and are less likely to become alcoholics. This study examined whether lower consumption of alcohol among flushers was correlated with cultural factors such as embarrassment over flushing as well as with biological factors among Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans using data from a joint Japan-U.S. collaborative survey. Eight hundred forty-six Japanese and 737 Japanese-American current drinkers with known flushing status were studied. The mean alcohol intake differed significantly between groups: (1) habitat--Japanese versus Japanese-Americans, (2) flushing status--flushers versus nonflushers, and (3) embarrassment about flushing. Among men, ethnicity was the major determinant of alcohol consumption, followed by flushing status and embarrassment about flushing. Among women, differences were not significant. Lower alcohol consumption by flushers than by nonflushers has been attributed to differences in physiological reactions to alcohol. However, this study demonstrated that cultural factors such as embarrassment also contribute to lower alcohol consumption by flushers. The lack of interaction between habitat and flushing status and between habitat and embarrassment status suggests that flushing status and embarrassment status associated with drinking levels are independent of habitat.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Relationship between flushing response and drinking behavior].

Shipyard employees and their spouses in Kawasaki were surveyed twice as subjects on the relationship between flushing response and drinking behavior. Data obtained from 1,463 respondents of the two surveys, are used for the analysis. Flushing responses were classified into five types according to the amount of absolute alcohol which induced flushing; fast flushing (FF), medium flushing (MF), slow flushing (SF), no flushing (NF) and unknown. A distribution of the flushing types in males did not show statistical differences among native places and age groups, but among jobs. The distribution in females was not statistically different among native places and jobs, but among age groups. A large number of drinkers who frequently drank belonged to NF and SF. Those who belonged to NF and SF drank every day during the surveyed period (for 1 week). Most of drinkers who drank two kinds and more alcoholic beverages at a chance of drinking belonged to SF and NF. The alcohol consumption during the surveyed period ranged in due to order among males as: FF less than MF less than unknown less than SF less than NF, and among females as: unknown less than FF less than MF less than SF and NF. The results analyzed by "Hayashi's quantification scaling type I" showed that the drinking frequency and the most favorite alcoholic beverage much contributed to the alcohol consumption, but the flushing type didn't so much. However, it made the fact clear that NF contributed to increase alcohol consumption, and unknown and FF did to decrease alcohol consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural changes in rat lung isografts after single-passage organ flush and 48-hour cold storage with and without one-hour reperfusion in vivo.

Rat lung isografts were preserved for 48 hr at 0 degrees C using a simple organ flush technique. After storage alone, isotonic saline flush resulted in significantly raised indices of lipid peroxidation in vitro (Schiff bases and thiobarbituric-acid-reactive material [TBAR]). Lungs flushed with hypertonic citrate (HCA) had significantly less oxidative damage than saline-flushed lungs. The addition to the HCA flush of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, or desferrioxamine, an iron chelator, significantly reduced TBA reactivity in stored lungs compared with HCA alone. After 1-hr reperfusion in vivo, lipid peroxidation was reduced in HCA-flushed lungs compared with saline flush (TBAR alone), but no additional protection from the use of desferrioxamine or verapamil was demonstrated. Electron microscopy after saline flush and storage alone showed gross endothelial swelling and fragmentation. Reperfusion with blood for 1 hr resolved cell swelling, but alveolar/capillary wall rupture occurred. HCA protected against cell swelling, but endothelial vesiculation and widening of the basement membrane were observed. After reperfusion, HCA-flushed lungs developed much endothelial loss that was considerably reduced by the use of desferrioxamine and verapamil. The lipid peroxidation results suggest that iron- and calcium-mediated free radical production may be important mechanisms in oxidative damage to stored rat lungs. Electron microscopy findings correlated with biochemical evidence of free-radical-mediated injury. Reduction of endothelial loss on reperfusion by the use of verapamil and desferrioxamine provides circumstantial evidence that ischemia and reperfusion damage of organs stored for transplantation is partly due to Fe++(+)- and Ca+(+)-dependent mechanisms that probably involve increased free radical production.

Animals↗