A comparison of the ovulation rate, fertilization rate and embryo survival of hand-mated and lot-mated gilts.
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Animals↗
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Treatment of sperm with high-ionic strength medium increases microsurgical fertilization rates of rabbit oocytes fertilized by subzonal placement of sperm.
This study was conducted to investigate the requirement for sperm processing in microsurgical subzonal placement of sperm in rabbit oocytes. Fertilization rates with standard in vitro fertilization and microsurgical subzonal sperm placement were found to be similar (56 and 55%) when sperm treated with high-ionic strength Brackett's defined medium to initiate capacitation were used. Statistically significant reductions in fertilization rates for both standard in vitro fertilization and subzonal placement were noted when twice-washed spermatozoa were used. Initiation of capacitation of spermatozoa results in higher fertilization results even when the zona pellucida is bypassed during fertilization.
Animals↗
The influence of transient hyperprolactinemia on hormonal parameters, oocyte recovery, and fertilization rates in in vitro fertilization.
A detrimental effect of transient elevation of plasma prolactin (PRL) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) has not been proven; however, treatment with a dopamine agonist has been suggested. The present study was undertaken to determine if transient, midcycle hyperprolactinemia exerted a deleterious effect on the number of oocytes retrieved or on fertilization of oocytes in vitro. Fifty-three infertile patients with midcycle hyperprolactinemia (PRL greater than 20 micrograms/liter) during ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF were compared with 53 matched controls who remained normoprolactinemic. Mean (+/- SE) serum PRL levels on the day after hCG were significantly higher in the study group (29.5 +/- 1 micrograms/liter) than in the control (13.1 +/- 0.5 microgram/liter) (P less than 0.0005), whereas the mean estradiol (E2) concentrations on the same day were not significantly different (4822 +/- 287 and 4492 +/- 269 pmol/liters, respectively). Fertilization rates (72 +/- 4 and 70 +/- 4%, respectively) and the mean number of oocytes recovered (4.2 +/- 0.3 and 3.7 +/- 0.3, respectively) did not differ between the two groups. No correlation was observed between serum PRL and E2 levels, fertilization rates, or the number of oocytes retrieved in either group. Eleven patients with elevated PRL levels as a result of ovarian hyperstimulation were treated with 2.5 mg bromocriptine daily during the next IVF cycle. Serum PRL levels were significantly lower in the treated (5.6 +/- 1.8 micrograms/liter) than in the untreated cycles (35.6 +/- 3.1 micrograms/liter) (P less than 0.0005), whereas serum E2 concentrations did not differ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bromocriptine↗
Individual fertility rate: a new individual fertility measure for small populations.
Fertility measurement in small preindustrial societies is hampered by small numbers and the lack of some essential data. Most measures of fertility are collective and require large enough populations to permit grouped data analysis. Existing individual measures of fertility are often unsatisfactory. This paper presents a new measure of individual fertility, the Individual Fertility Rate (IFR), which is constructed by dividing parity by reproductive span in years and multiplying the product by 100. The result is a number which may be used as a dependent individual or cumulative variable to study the effects of health and socioeconomic factors on fertility.
Adult↗
Improved fertilization rate in an in vitro fertilization program by egg yolk-treated sperm.
High fertilization and PRs have been achieved by using thawed donor sperm cryopreserved with medium containing EY. The aim of our study was to examine the possible effect of EY on the fertilizing capacity of fresh sperm in an IVF program. Preincubation of spermatozoa in EY for 2 hours at room temperature significantly improved fertilization (P less than 0.001) in couples who had low fertilization rates in previous cycles, whereas no effect was found concerning couples with high fertilization rates.
Egg Proteins↗
Effect of sperm preincubation with follicular fluid on the fertilization rate in human in vitro fertilization.
The study investigates the effect of sperm preincubation with FF on the fertilization rate in an IVF program. The oocytes inseminated with FF pretreated semen showed a significantly higher rate of fertilization. The percentage of cleavage and polypronuclear occurrence did not differ from the controls.
Female↗
Pilot study with 120 mg Andriol treatment for couples with a low fertilization rate during in-vitro fertilization.
Treatment with 120 mg/day of Andriol (testosterone undecanoate; Organon, The Netherlands) was given to 11 men whose semen had either failed to fertilize, or had resulted in a less than 33% fertilization rate in a first in-vitro fertilization (IVF) trial. Repeat IVF at the end of a 3 month treatment period resulted in a highly significant increase in the number of oocytes fertilized from 4/95 (4.2%) before to 23/87 (26.4%, P less than 0.001) after Andriol treatment. One couple attained spontaneous conception during the second month of Andriol intake and three pregnancies occurred among the remaining 10 cases undergoing repeat IVF, for a total ongoing pregnancy rate of 36.4%. Sperm concentration but not motility increased in the native semen after Andriol intake, but there were no significant changes in sperm characteristics after preparation. The improvement in pregnancy rate contrasts favourably with the results obtained by repeat IVF of untreated historical controls. The result obtained in the present pilot study should encourage the performance of a larger, placebo-controlled investigation protocol.
Female↗
[The possibility of an immediate comparison of general fertility rate with the total fertility index and its practical usefulness, shown by the example of fertility development in the German Democratic Republic].
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Female↗
Improved sperm concentration, motility, and fertilization rates following Ficoll treatment of sperm in a human in vitro fertilization program.
Duplicate sperm samples from the spouses of 54 patients admitted to an in vitro fertilization program were prepared by the swim-up and a simplified procedure using Ficoll. Cellsoft (CRYO Resources, New York, NY) sperm curvilinear velocities (microns/sec) and mean amplitude of lateral head displacement values (microns) equivalent to grade 1 and 2 visual sperm motility were significantly higher for Ficoll as compared with swim-up samples (P less than 0.01). Fertilization rates were significantly higher in the Ficoll as compared with the swim-up group for poor semen samples (grade less than 2: 58% versus 24%; P less than 0.01) and normal semen samples (grade greater than or equal to 2: 85% versus 78%; P less than 0.05). Ficoll sperm separation appears to be an excellent method of yielding increased fertilization rates in in vitro fertilization programs.
Female↗
Fertility rates in 238 HIV-1-seropositive women in Zaire followed for 3 years post-partum.
Birth-control use and fertility rates were prospectively determined in 238 HIV-1-seropositive and 315 HIV-1-seronegative women in Kinshasa, Zaire, during the 36-month period following the delivery of their last live-born child. No women delivered children during the first follow-up year. Birth-control utilization rates (percentage use during total observation time) and fertility rates (annual number of live births per 1000 women of child-bearing age) in the second year of follow-up were 19% (107.4 per 1000) for HIV-1-seropositive women and 16% (144.7 per 1000) for HIV-1-seronegative women. In the third year of follow-up these rates were 26 (271.0 per 1000) and 16% (38.6 per 1000) for HIV-1-seropositive and HIV-1-seronegative women, respectively (P less than 0.05 for the difference in birth-control utilization and fertility rates between seropositive and seronegative women in the third year of follow-up). Seven (2.9%) of the 238 HIV-1-seropositive women initially included in the study brought their sex partners in for HIV-1 testing; three (43%) of these men were found to be HIV-1-seropositive. New HIV-1 infection did not have a dramatic effect on the fertility of seropositive women. The nearly uniform unwillingness of HIV-1-seropositive women to inform husbands or sexual partners of their HIV-1 serostatus accounted in large part for the disappointingly high fertility rates in seropositive women who had been provided with a comprehensive program of HIV counseling and birth control. Counseling services for seropositive women of child-bearing age which do not also include these women's sexual partners are unlikely to have an important impact on their high fertility rates.
AIDS-Related Complex↗
Fertility rates in women in rural Turkey.
Fertility rates in married women, aged 15-44 years, in Yildizeli, were high. Only 86% of the pregnancies resulted in normal delivery, with 50% neonatal mortality, thus reducing the population increase in the area. Similar findings are seen all over rural areas of Turkey. The mean fertility rates in women, aged 40-44 years were similar to those of eastern regions of Turkey. The abortion ratios for 1979-1981 were also identical. Poor socioeconomic conditions and unsatisfactory public health services in the region are the probable cause.
Adolescent↗
Intermediate determinants of racial differences in 1980 U.S. nonmarital fertility rates.
There are four major determinants of racial differences in nonmarital fertility rates in the U.S.: differential sexual activity (exposure to risk); differential in spontaneous and induced abortion; differential contraceptive use (including method efficacy); and differential legitimation, through marriage, of births conceived out of wedlock. Racial differences in all four indicators encourage higher black than white nonmarital fertility rates in every age-group examined; however, the relative contribution of each determinant to differences in nonmarital fertility varies according to age. The gap between whites and blacks in contraceptive use is of greatest concern to policy-makers, because family planning effectiveness can, at least theoretically, be changed by program effort. However, even if black women and white women had equivalent levels of contraceptive use, sexual activity and recourse to abortion, there would still be substantial racial differences in nonmarital fertility rates because of the greater propensity among whites to legitimate premaritally conceived births.
Abortion, Induced↗
Experience with zona drilling and zona cutting to improve fertilization rates of human oocytes in vitro.
Zona drilling (ZD) and zona cutting (ZC) were used in an IVF programme to assist fertilization in semen defect patients. Twenty-seven patients consented to ZD where acidified Tyrode's was used to create a hole in the zona pellucida. In 19 patients, ZD increased the fertilization rate to 29% compared with 8% (P less than 0.001) in their routine IVF cycles, and in eight patients precluded from routine IVF, a fertilization rate of 14% was achieved. Twenty-two patients consented to ZC where a slit in the zona is made mechanically. In 12 patients ZC increased the fertilization rate to 31% compared with 14% (P less than 0.01) from previous routine IVF cycles, and in 10 patients precluded from routine IVF, a fertilization rate of 34% was achieved. In 13 cycles, 68 uncut control oocytes were inseminated. In five cycles both control and ZC oocytes were fertilized (n.s.d.). In eight cycles no control oocytes were fertilized compared with 27% of ZC oocytes. The polyspermy rate was 4.6%. Twenty-four per cent of ZD and 12% of ZC (P less than 0.01) oocytes and embryos were degenerate after 42 h. Both ZD and ZC can increase the fertilization rate of sub-optimal semen, however, in our hands neither technique produced a pregnancy.
Cell Survival↗
Fertility rates with delayed fibrin glue: vasovasostomy in rats.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if fibrin glued vasovasostomy had comparable fertility rates to sutured vasovasostomy. DESIGN: Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral vasectomy. Two weeks after vasectomy, 10 rats had a bilateral sutured vasal anastomosis consisting of four mucosal and four seromuscular sutures with 10-0 nylon. The second group of 10 rats underwent bilateral fibrin glue vasal anastomosis consisting of two transmural sutures with 10-0 nylon followed by application of fibrin glue. One month after vasectomy reversal, each male rat was mated with a female rat for a period of 2 weeks. SETTING: Animal laboratory. PATIENTS PARTICIPANTS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS: Bilateral vasectomies in 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two weeks after vasectomy, 10 rats had bilateral sutured vasal anastomosis, and 10 rats had bilateral glued vasal anastomosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pregnancy after vasectomy reversal. RESULTS: Ten of 10 rats in the sutured group produced offspring for a fertility rate of 100%. Eight of 10 rats in the fibrin glue group produced offspring for a fertility rate of 80%. There was no statistically significant difference in the pregnancy rates between the two groups at the 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSION: Fibrin glue-delayed vasectomy reversal produces comparable fertility rates compared with conventional sutured vasectomy reversal in the rat.
Adhesives↗
Relationship between sperm motility assessed with the Hamilton-Thorn motility analyzer and fertilization rates in vitro.
To determine which sperm movement characteristics are related to in vitro fertilization rates, semen and swim-up preparations used for in vitro fertilization in 108 patients were assessed using the Hamilton-Thorn HTM-2030 Motility Analyzer (HTMA) and other sperm tests. There were highly significant correlations between manual and HTMA results for sperm concentration (Spearman r = 0.881; P less than 0.001) and the percentage of motile spermatozoa (Spearman r = 0.580; P less than 0.001). The percentage of motile spermatozoa with average path velocities greater than 10 microns/s and greater than 20 microns/s, straight line and curvilinear velocity, linearity (straight line velocity vs curvilinear velocity), amplitude of lateral head displacement, and beat-cross frequency were significantly higher in the insemination medium after selection of motile spermatozoa by the swim-up technique than in the semen. Linearity (P less than 0.01), the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa (P less than 0.05) and straight line velocity (P less than 0.05) in semen, and the percentage of motile spermatozoa with average path velocities greater than 10 microns/s in both semen (P less than 0.05) and insemination medium (P less than 0.05) were significantly correlated with in vitro fertilization rate when examined by a nonparametric (Spearman) test. With logistic regression analysis of all data, only the diagnoses of male infertility and tubal disease, linearity in semen, and the percentage of motile spermatozoa with average path velocities between 10 and 20 microns/s in insemination medium were significantly related to in vitro fertilization rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Female↗
Sperm nuclear chromatin normality: relationship with sperm morphology, sperm-zona pellucida binding, and fertilization rates in vitro.
OBJECTIVE: To study whether the results of tests of sperm chromatin and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) normality are related to fertilization rates in vitro. DESIGN: Normal morphology, nuclear maturity determined by acidic aniline blue stain, and DNA normality determined by acridine orange fluorescence of sperm in insemination medium and the number of sperm bound to the zona pellucida (ZP) of the oocytes that had failed to fertilize in vitro were determined. The relationship between sperm test results and fertilization rates were analyzed by logistic regression. SETTING: Samples were obtained from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. RESULTS: The number of sperm bound to the ZP, the percentage of sperm with normal morphology, and the percentage of sperm with normal DNA were the most significant factors related to fertilization rates in vitro. In patients with normal morphology > or = 15% or with > 10 sperm bound per ZP, the percentage of sperm with normal DNA, the number of sperm bound to the ZP, and motility grade were significantly related to IVF rates. CONCLUSION: In patients with normal morphology > or = 15%, failure of fertilization may be because of defects of sperm-ZP binding or abnormal DNA. Assessment of DNA normality of motile sperm in the insemination medium may aid prediction of fertilization rates in addition to normal morphology and sperm-ZP binding.
Acridine Orange↗
Double-edged limit of total fertility rates.
In this paper we present the accurate estimation of total fertility rates, prove the theorem of upper and lower bounds of double-edged limit and provide the formulas of upper and lower bounds of total fertility rates. Based on these estimations and statistical data, we calculate the upper and lower bounds of the double-edged limit for 46 countries including China. Furthermore, we describe the positive growth rate, negative growth rate and zero growth rate of population development. These results are of great importance for us to control population not only in theory but also in practice.
Fertility↗
Do analogues of gonadotrophin releasing hormone influence follicular fluid steroid levels, oocyte maturity and fertilization rates?
One-hundred-and-twelve samples of follicular fluid from 32 patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were analysed in this study. The follicular fluids were analysed for any relationships between oestradiol, progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels, the progesterone/oestradiol and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone/oestradiol ratios and oocyte maturity and fertilization rates. In Group A, consisting of women who used analogues of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone during ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotrophin, the progesterone/oestradiol ratio rose in parallel with the fertilization rate (P less than 0.05). Group B comprised patients treated with human menopausal gonadotrophin alone. No significant relationship was found between the other parameters, oocyte maturation and fertilization rates in either group.
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗