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Results for “Fertility Determinants”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Fertility determinants in Puerto Rico.

This paper examines the proximate determinants of fertility in Puerto Rico using data from a 1982 island-wide study. Contraceptive use was found to be the primary direct determinant of fertility in Puerto Rico, both for the total population and for each level of education studied. Female sterilization is the most prevalent method of contraception used in Puerto Rico at each educational level. Marriage is also important in Puerto Rico and is the only proximate determinant that varies across education groups. Late age at first marriage, in addition to high contraceptive use, accounts for the below-replacement fertility of women who have more than a high school education. In contrast, women who have not completed high school tend to marry early and not practice contraception for birth-spacing purposes. This study shows the advantages of analyzing fertility determinants at the population subgroup level (i.e., women of various educational attainment levels) so that the fertility of the total population can be better understood.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fertility determinants in the oil region of Mexico.

This study analyzes fertility determinants in the oil region of Mexico, consisting of the states of Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche. Data are from the 1980 Mexican census and the unit of analysis is the municipio. The regression models, in which the dependent variables of children ever born and child-woman ratio are examined, reveal religious variables to be most significant, with greater fertility for non-Catholics and persons with no religion than for Catholics. Also of great importance are economic variables. Literacy and urbanization, both "classical" Mexican fertility variables, reduce fertility. There are major differences among three urban/rural and three indigenous language subsamples. Results are discussed vis-a-vis demographic theories and prior research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Multilevel models of fertility determination in four Southeast Asian countries: 1970 and 1980.

Using microdata from the 1970 and 1980 censuses, we specify and test multilevel models of fertility determination for four Southeast Asian societies--Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Social context is indexed by provincial characteristics representing women's status, the roles of children, and infant mortality. These contextual variables are hypothesized to have direct and indirect (through individual socioeconomic characteristics) effects on current fertility. The contextual variables account for a modest but significant share of individual variation in fertility and about one-half of the total between area variation in fertility. The women's status contextual variables, particularly modern sector employment, have the largest and most consistent effect on lowered fertility. The results based on the other contextual variables provide mixed support for the initial hypotheses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Determining fertility behavior using path analysis].

In order to examine factors influencing the perception of ideal family size in Poland, "the present paper discusses path models, which explain a central reproductive behaviour category i.e. the actual number of children....[The author finds that] the image of the ideal family size directly influences the existing number of children. Path coefficients show that the increase of the ideal number of children by one standard deviation is associated with the increase of actual family size by approximately one third standard deviation of this explanatory variable." Other variables considered include parental influence, rural or urban residence, educational status, age at marriage, religion, and quality of life. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Behavior↗
PubMed1997

Factors determining fertility after conservative or radical surgical treatment for ectopic pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors determining choice of radical or conservative surgical procedure for tubal ectopic pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy rates. DESIGN: A retrospective study collating information from the operative notes and previous gynecologic history associated with the choice of procedure and pregnancy rates and outcome over 3 years after a primary tubal ectopic pregnancy. PATIENT(S): Thirty-four women who had undergone conservative (tube sparing) and 56 who had undergone radical (salpingectomy) surgical treatment for tubal ectopic pregnancy at least 3 years before the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The main outcome measure was the occurrence of a pregnancy (live birth, miscarriage, or ectopic pregnancy) over 3 years after the ectopic pregnancy. RESULT(S): The type of surgery performed was not affected by a previous history of infertility, known pelvic inflammatory disease, the presence of tubal adhesions, or abnormalities on the contralateral tube. Intrauterine pregnancy was not more likely after conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy but, equally important, the risk of a further ectopic pregnancy was not increased. The single factor that was clearly associated with future fertility problems was a past history of infertility. CONCLUSION(S): Better results may be obtained by careful selection of operative procedure based on history and findings at the time of surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Human capital as a fertility determinant in an economically developed homogenous population.

Analyzes the relationship between human capital and fertility in West Germany, an economically developed homogenous society that has been characterized by low and declining birthrates, a rise in educational levels, and increasing female labor force participation for more than a decade and a half. The theoretical links between human capital and fertility are 1st explored within the framework of an informal household optimization model drawn from the economics of fertility literature. Cross sectional empirical relationships are then assessed using OLS regression techniques. The impact of educational measures on desired family size is found to be statistically weaker than in prior studies. Evidence is presented for the existence of a general time trend in tastes as a source of falling fertility. It is argued that these results may stem from the existence of strong norms and other special characteristics of the society, casting doubt on the validity of the economic model in such a setting.

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1987

In vitro fertilization: determination of follicular maturation for timing of human chorionic gonadotropin administration.

Hyperstimulation protocols for IVF require critical timing of hCG administration to complete follicular maturation. We studied 170 IVF cycles in 142 patients and retrospectively compared ultrasound and endocrine parameters in pregnancy cycles and spontaneous LH surge cycles with nonpregnancy, non-LH surge cycles. Twenty-six of the 170 cycles resulted in a pregnancy (15.2%). Oocytes were recovered from 27 of 31 cycles in which a spontaneous LH surge occurred, and 9 of these cycles produced a pregnancy (33%). Follicle number and serum E2 on the day of ultrasound (cycle day 12 or 13) was lower in the LH surge group and pregnancy group than in the nonpregnant, non-LH surge group. In contrast, on the day of hCG administration or LH surge, serum E2 concentration per follicle greater than 1 cm in diameter was higher in the combined LH surge/pregnancy group (1219 pmol/l) than in the nonpregnancy/non-LH surge group (932 pmol/l). Our data suggest that it may be possible to individualize hCG administration at midcycle by determining the number of follicles greater than 1 cm by ultrasound on cycle day 12 or 13 and giving hCG when serum E2 levels reach 1100 to 1200 pmol/l per follicle.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The hypo-osmotic swelling test and the sperm mucus penetration test in determining fertilization of the human oocyte.

The usefulness of the hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test and the sperm mucus penetration (SMP) test as sperm function tests for in-vitro fertilization was analysed in 56 couples. Using logistic regression analysis only the SMP test was independently related to fertilization (P = 0.004), no false negative results were obtained, i.e. no fertilization if sperm from the ejaculate failed to penetrate mucus. The HOS test was of no predictive value. The results justify a further examination of the SMP test in other IVF centres.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1980

[New criterion for determining fertility in men].

The concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, LH and FSH were studied in blood plasma of 84 healthy males and in the seminal plasma of 22 fertile males. The results obtained are juxtaposed to the concentrations of the indicated hormones in seminal fluid of 35 males with oligoasthenospermia and of 46 males with azoospermia. The concentration of the hormones in the seminal plasma was established to be equal to their concentrations in blood plasma. That enables their investigation in the seminal fluid in parallel with the spermogram. Normal fertility is admitted to be that fertility with a concentration of testosterone ranging from 250-550 mg%, of estradiol from 40-60 pg/ml, of LH-25-35 mlU/ml and of FSH from 20-30 mlU/ml. Reduced fertility has the concentrations of testosterone and estradiol reduced with more than 50% of the normal level, and that of gonadotropic--elevated with more than 50% of the normal level.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1992

Relationship of hen age and egg sequence position with fertility, hatchability, viability, and preincubation embryonic development in broiler breeders.

Indian River broiler breeder hens (n = 29) were caged individually to investigate whether hen age and egg sequence position were related significantly to the dependent variables fertility, hatchability, viability (hatch of fertile eggs), and preincubation embryonic development. Hens were artificially inseminated once per week. All eggs laid during the period of 31 to 54 wk of age were stored at 16 to 17 C for .5 to 7 days. Time of oviposition records were used to assign eggs to sequence position ("first" or "subsequent"). Eggs laid on odd-numbered weeks were broken open, fertility determined, and embryonic development staged. Eggs laid on even-numbered weeks were sent to a commercial hatchery to assess hatchability. Unhatched eggs were opened to determine fertility and embryonic mortality. In addition, hen weight, number of days since insemination, time of oviposition, and egg weight were recorded to determine their relationship to the dependent variables. Fertility (n = 3,240 eggs) and hatchability (n = 1,653 eggs) were not significantly related to egg sequence position, but were related to hen age (P = .0001 and P = .0002, respectively). Older hens demonstrated lower fertility and hatchability. In contrast, embryo viability (n = 1,487 eggs) and preincubation embryonic development (n = 1,200 eggs) were not significantly related to hen age, but were related to egg sequence position (P = .0026 and P = .0001, respectively). First-of-sequence eggs had lower viability, and embryos of these eggs were more developed than embryos of subsequent eggs. These data indicate that the reduction in chick production observed as the hen ages may be due to the increased incidence of first-of-sequence eggs.

Aging↗