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Results for “Feedback, Psychological”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Dementia Care Mapping (DCM): initial validation of DCM 8 in UK field trials.

OBJECTIVES: This paper describes DCM 8 and reports on the initial validation study of DCM 8. METHODS: Between 2001-2003, a series of international expert working groups were established to examine various aspects of DCM with the intention of revising and refining it. During 2004-2005 the revised tool (DCM 8) was piloted in seven service settings in the UK and validated against DCM 7th edition. RESULTS: At a group score level, WIB scores and spread of Behavioural Category Codes were very similar, suggesting that group scores are comparable between DCM 7 and 8. Interviews with mappers and focus groups with staff teams suggested that DCM 8 was preferable to DCM 7th edition because of the clarification and simplification of codes; the addition of new codes relevant to person-centred care; and the replacement of Positive Events with a more structured recording of Personal Enhancers. CONCLUSIONS: DCM 8 appears comparable with DCM 7th edition in terms of data produced and is well received by mappers and dementia care staff.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Interference between velocity-dependent and position-dependent force-fields indicates that tasks depending on different kinematic parameters compete for motor working memory.

Humans demonstrate motor learning when exposed to changes in the dynamics of movement or changes in the visuomotor map. However, when two opposing dynamic transformations are learned in succession, the memory of the first is overwritten by learning of the second; the same is true for two opposing visuomotor rotations. This retrograde interference is not seen for all combinations of transformations, however. When a dynamic transformation is learned subsequent to a visuomotor rotation, the presence or absence of interference appears to depend crucially on the structure of the dynamic task: a force-field dependent on the position of the hand produces interference, whereas an inertial load applied lateral to the hand does not. To explain these results, it has been hypothesized that two transformations can be learned without interference if they depend on two different kinematic parameters of movement (such as position and velocity of the hand). Here we demonstrate, contrary to this hypothesis, interference between a dynamic transformation that depends on the position of the hand and one that depends on its velocity. However, the interference was found to be incomplete, supporting the view that the ability to retain motor memories for different tasks depends on the degree to which their representations conflict in working memory.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Combining Hebbian and reinforcement learning in a minibrain model.

A toy model of a neural network in which both Hebbian learning and reinforcement learning occur is studied. The problem of 'path interference', which makes that the neural net quickly forgets previously learned input-output relations is tackled by adding a Hebbian term (proportional to the learning rate nu) to the reinforcement term (proportional to delta) in the learning rule. It is shown that the number of learning steps is reduced considerably if 1/4<nu/delta<1/2, i.e. if the Hebbian term is neither too small nor too large compared to the reinforcement term.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

"Trading bickering for teamwork".

Bickering is an unpleasant phenomena found wherever groups of people congregate. Bickering on a health care team such as that found in the nurse department can create a negative environment and poor morale. The nurse manager should take responsibility for action which can deter this type of behavior and should visibly lead the staff to more productive interactions.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

The CNS site of glucocorticoid negative feedback during LPS- and psychological stress-induced fevers.

Glucocorticoids exert negative feedback in the anterior hypothalamus (AH) during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fevers, but the central location of their negative feedback during psychological stress-induced fever has not been determined. To confirm that glucocorticoid modulation of LPS fever occurs in the AH, adrenalectomized animals were injected intrahypothalamically with either 0.25 ng of corticosterone or vehicle followed by 50 micrograms/kg LPS intraperitoneally. Animals pretreated with corticosterone developed significantly smaller fevers (P = 0.007) than animals given vehicle. To determine if glucocorticoid modulation during psychological stress-induced fever may occur in the hippocampus, the fornix was transected to block hippocampal communication with the AH. This resulted in significantly larger psychological stress-induced fevers (P = 0.02) compared with sham-operated animals. There were no differences between these groups for LPS-induced fevers (P = 0.92). To determine where in the hippocampus glucocorticoids might exert their negative feedback during psychological stress, rats were microinjected with either 1 ng RU-38486 (a type II glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) or vehicle into the dentate gyrus prior to exposure to the open field. There were no differences between the psychological stress-induced fevers of the RU-38486- and vehicle-injected groups, supporting the hypothesis that these fevers are modulated elsewhere in the hippocampus. Our data support the hypothesis that glucocorticoids modulate LPS-induced fever in the AH and do not involve the hippocampus, and that psychological stress-induced fevers are modulated by neural connections between the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. The precise sites of action of glucocorticoid negative feedback on stress-induced fevers in the hippocampus (or other brain regions) are not yet known.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1998

Effect of feedback signal and psychological characteristics on blood pressure self-manipulation capability.

Blood pressure presentation mode and personality are likely to influence biofeedback outcome. Thirty-six normotensive subjects were randomly assigned to visual or auditory continuous systolic feedback. "Distracting speech" and "broad band noise" were also superimposed and the effect on the biofeedback response was investigated. Psychological influence was also investigated. Systolic pressure reduction of 4 +/- 4.3 mmHg (visual, p = .04) and 5 +/- 5.5 mmHg (visual + auditory, p = .03) were achieved compared with auditory feedback (2 +/- 4.7 mmHg), which was less effective. The addition of noise or speech had no effect on the systolic response, but speech adversely affected diastolic reduction (p = .04). Mood (p = .003) was associated with systolic lowering, whereas increased trait anxiety (p = .06) and expectation (p = .03) had trends for opposite effects. Increased anger-hostility, state-anxiety, and expectation (p = .06) had links with systolic raising capability. We conclude that feedback modality and psychological characteristics have implications for studies investigating blood pressure manipulation capability.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Body image, psychological functioning, and parental feedback regarding physical appearance.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of parental appearance-related commentary, body image, and psychological functioning in females and males. METHOD: Retrospective reports of teasing and appearance-based feedback were assessed, along with current levels of body image and overall psychological functioning. RESULTS: Women and men did not differ in their reports of comments received from mothers, however, women received significantly more appearance-related messages from fathers. Correlational analyses demonstrated significant relationships between feedback and body satisfaction for women, but not for men. Regression analyses indicated that fathers' and mothers' teasing about weight were predictive of daughters' body image. For both males and females, psychological functioning was significantly predicted from the combination of mothers' and fathers' feedback regarding appearance. DISCUSSION: The findings further support an emerging theoretical model of appearance-related commentary as a factor in body image disturbance and overall psychological functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cognitive mechanisms of social anxiety reduction: an examination of specificity and temporality.

Cognitive theories posit that exposure-based treatments exert their effect on social anxiety by modifying judgmental biases. The present study provides a conservative test of the relative roles of changes in judgmental biases in governing social anxiety reduction and addresses several limitations of previous research. Longitudinal, within-subjects analysis of data from 53 adults with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) social phobia diagnosis revealed that reductions in probability and cost biases accounted for significant variance in fear reduction achieved during treatment. However, whereas the reduction in probability bias resulted in fear reduction, the reduction in cost bias was merely a consequence of fear reduction. A potential implication is that exposure-based treatments for social anxiety might focus more attention on correcting faulty appraisals of social threat occurrence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗