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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Histological comparison of autogenous canine fascia lata, Gore-Tex, lyophilized human fascia lata, and autogenous canine vein for vascular patch graft material in a canine arteriotomy model.

Autogenous fascia lata has found little clinical use as a vascular patch graft material. Previous experience, however, suggests that it possesses attributes that might make it useful in this regard. To assess its efficacy as a vascular patch graft, nine adult mongrel dogs each underwent four arteriotomies with placements of patch grafts. The four sites included both carotid arteries and both femoral arteries. In each animal, one of four patch graft materials (autogenous canine fascia lata, Gore-Tex, lyophilized human fascia lata, and autogenous canine vein) were placed as patch material at the arteriotomy site utilizing 7-0 running sutures and loop magnification. The site for placement of each graft material was rotated serially in the animals so that each site would have equal numbers of all four graft materials applied. The animals were killed at either 6 to 8 weeks or 11 to 12 weeks after angiography of all four vessels. The specimens were then evaluated histologically. No difference was observed among any of the patch graft materials with regard to myofibroblast plaque formation. Inflammatory responses were noted to be substantially less in the canine fascia lata group than in the other three groups. Granuloma formation, however, appeared to be most significant in the autogenous canine vein group. Only one vessel was occluded. Aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm formation was not noted in any specimen. It appears from the above results that autogenous fascia lata may be an appropriate alternative to currently utilized arterial patch graft materials and that it should be evaluated further for this purpose.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Repair of abdominal and thoracic wall defects by bovine fascia (ox fascia).

Sheets of heterologous fascia (bovine fascia) were used to close large defects of the thoracic and abdominal wall in four patients with malignant neoplasms. The material was well tolerated by the body and provided adequate protection and support to the underlying viscera. Although the fascial graft was not covered by skin flaps in two patients with abdominal wall defects, it became readily incorporated into granulation tissue that was receptive to split thickness skin grafts. The fascia was used successfully in a contaminated field and control of active infection was possible without removing the graft. These findings demonstrate that heterologous fascia is particularly useful under conditions that are not suitable for the use of synthetic materials.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Extrusion of enucleation implants: treatment with secondary implants and autogenous temporalis fascia or fascia lata patch grafts.

We performed one autogenous fascia lata graft and 11 autogenous temporalis fascia grafts in eight patients with extrusion of an orbital enucleation implant and in four patients with a bulging implant who could not wear a prosthesis. Excluding one patient with inadequate follow up, 10 of the 11 patients (91%) successfully retained their implant. One patient had severe conjunctivitis followed by anterior migration of his implant 2 1/2 years after patch grafting, necessitating replacement of the implant. We conclude that autogenous temporalis fascia patch grafting is an effective treatment for orbital enucleation implant extrusion or a bulging implant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Reconstruction of soft tissue defects including the Achilles tendon with free neurovascular tensor fascia lata flap and fascia lata. Case report.

The combined loss of the Achilles tendon and the overlying soft tissue in the young ambulant patient with expectations of a normal life is a challenge. These patients need not only skin coverage but also dynamic, functioning repair. Two cases of major defects after tumour resection are presented. In each case the tendon was reconstructed using the remaining gastrocnemius aponeurosis reinforced with fascia lata. This was covered by a free tensor fascia lata (TFL) flap. In one of the cases the flap was transferred as a neurovascular free flap.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1989

Gerota versus Zuckerkandl: the renal fascia revisited.

In the medical literature, Gerota fascia is frequently used as a general term to describe both the anterior and posterior pararenal fascia. However, Zuckerkandl's name is also often used to describe either the anterior or posterior fascia. To resolve this confusion, the authors reviewed the original works by Gerota and Zuckerkandl. In 1883, Zuckerkandl described the posterior renal fascia but did not recognize the presence of the anterior renal fascia. In 1895, Gerota documented the presence of the anterior renal fascia and clearly assigned Zuckerkandl's name to the posterior renal fascia. Thus, the terms Zuckerkandl fascia and posterior renal fascia are synonymous, as are Gerota fascia and anterior renal fascia.

Eponyms↗
PubMed1992

The relationship of the superficial and deep facial fascias: relevance to rhytidectomy and aging.

Controversy persists regarding the relationship of the superficial facial fascia (SMAS) to the mimetic muscles, deep facial fascia, and underlying facial nerve branches. Using fresh cadaver dissection, and supplemented by several hundred intraoperative dissections, we studied facial soft-tissue anatomy. The facial soft-tissue architecture can be described as being arranged in a series of concentric layers: skin, subcutaneous fat, superficial fascia, mimetic muscle, deep facial fascia (parotidomasseteric fascia), and the plane containing the facial nerve, parotid duct, and buccal fat pad. The anatomic relationships existing within the facial soft-tissue layers are (1) the superficial facial fascia invests the superficially situated mimetic muscles (platysma, orbicularis oculi, and zygomaticus major and minor); (2) the deep facial fascia represents a continuation of the deep cervical fascia cephalad into the face, the importance of which lies in the fact that the facial nerve branches within the cheek lie deep to this deep fascial layer; and (3) two types of relationships exist between the superficial and deep facial fascias: In some regions of the face, these fascial planes are separated by an areolar plane, and in other regions of the face, the superficial and deep fascia are intimately adherent to one another through a series of dense fibrous attachments. The layers of the facial soft tissue are supported in normal anatomic position by a series of retaining ligaments that run from deep, fixed facial structures to the overlying dermis. Two types of retaining ligaments are noted as defined by their origin, either from bone or from other fixed structures within the face.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Nose and paranasal augmentation: autogenous, fascia, and cartilage.

The up-to-date plastic surgeon should consider using augmentation rhinoplasty with relative frequency. In selected cases, for improving the face integrally, it is desirable to augment the paranasal area. In the author's hands, grafts of cartilage and fascia are the preferred tissues, based on the experience of many years. Fascia can be used alone or combined, and in the last few years we have used it alone quite often. A temporoparietal fascia graft has great versatility in the correction of a number of nasal deformities. A depressed nasal dorsum can be augmented by utilizing fascia grafts. A depressed nasal radix can be corrected successfully by utilizing fascia grafts. Submucosal placement of strips of fascia has proved to be an effective method of reconstructing the roof of the middle cartilaginous vault. For augmenting the nasal dorsum when it is a case of primary rhinoplasty, the author prefers the use of fascia alone, but if the patient is having a secondary rhinoplasty, then the graft of fascia and cartilage combined is preferred.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1990

Functional construction of the superficial and deep fascia system of the lower limb in man.

The muscular system, the connective tissue and the bones are the components of a biomechanical pelvis-lower extremity model. The occasional electrical events in the muscles were not taken into account, as they can only be measured by physiological methods. In this publication, the connective tissue of the lower extremities is examined. The connective tissue system of the thigh and leg was prepared; after removal of the muscles the so-called 'hollow' lower extremity could be studied. A topographical documentation followed, and the structure and directions of the fibers were observed with polarized light. The connective tissue systems of the lower extremities and bones form a biomechanical, effective and functional system, the bone-fascia-tendon system. The components of the connective tissue in such a system are the fascia lata, the crural fascia, the iliotibial tract, the femoral and crural intermuscular septa, and the membrana interossea. The iliotibial tract is not the sole part of this system having a tension band effect, other components--above all the lateral femoral intermuscular septum--also reduce the forces acting on the bones. Therefore, the tensile strength of the iliotibial tract has to be considered lower as supposed. The iliotibial tract is not a part of the fascia lata; it is an independent, vertically tightened tendon of the 'pelvic deltoid muscle' (gluteus maximus, tensor fasciae latae). The iliotibial tract passes over the greater trochanter like on a roller bearing. It is not attached directly to the greater trochanter and to the lateral femoral condyle, so that previous models have to be modified. The iliotibial tract glides in a fascia bag which is composed of oblique and horizontal fibers of the broad fascia. The iliotibial tract, as tendon of the pelvic deltoid muscle, continues in a lateral location into the leg where it is fixed to the lateral malleolus. The present report provides a new description of the structure of the connective tissue system of the lower extremities. The model reported complies with the laws of similarity mechanics by describing exactly the geometric, physical and functional conditions. This representation could facilitate the construction of a computer-aided, efficient, biomechanical model of the pelvis-lower extremity region considering also the complex functional circumstances, in contrast to previous models. In order to construct such a model, the data obtained by the examination of the connective tissue of the lower extremities have to be given into a data bank, which, however, has to be built up.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

The relationship between parotid and superficial fasciae.

The paper reports a study conducted on serial sections of subcutaneous neck and facial tissues taken from ten human fetuses with a craniocaudal distance of between 7 and 30 cms for the purpose of establishing the age at which various anatomical structures develop and interact. In particular, the study was aimed at investigating the relationship between the parotid and superficial fasciae. Findings, supported also by direct observations on humans, demonstrated that a parotid fascia proper does not exist. The study was also aimed at confirming or invalidating the contrasting opinions reported in recent literature. On the basis of our observations on the parotid gland, no parotid fascia as such seems to be present, but rather a superficial thickening of the connective tissue with muscle fibres which can be identified with the superficial fascia of the region and as a continuation of the platysma m., and with the septa subdividing the gland. Moreover, only a thin connective layer was detected in the deep surface of the fascia. These findings are in line with those reported by Jost who, like ourselves, conducted his research on both primates and humans. The anatomical and surgical implications of these findings are considerable as they entail a redefinition of the existence of a parotid fascia. In particular, this implies abandoning the expression introduced by Mitz who defines this structure as representing a "superficial muscular and aponeurotic system (SMAS)" which in fact can be considered to correspond to the superficial fascia as correctly described by Sterzi and subsequently confirmed by Bertelli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

Medial extent of the posterior renal fascia. An anatomic and computed tomography study.

To study the medial extent of the posterior renal fascia and the perirenal space, the authors dissected two cadavers and reviewed 50 computed tomographic (CT) abdominal scans. The results demonstrated that the medial extent of the posterior renal fascia depends on the level in a vertical direction and its relationship to the kidney which varies at different levels. At the renal hilus, the fascia inserts posteromedially to the fascia of the quadratus lumborum along its lateral margin; more cranially, the line of insertion is more lateral, onto the diaphragmatic fascia; more caudally, the line of insertion is more medial, inserting onto the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum. Therefore the posteromedial insertion of the posterior renal fascia extends medially, from the more laterally placed diaphragmatic fascia, to the lateral margin of the quadratus lumborum and then to the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum, depending on the anatomic level. The clinical implication of these findings are discussed.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1991

Clinical applications of the subgaleal fascia.

The anatomic boundaries and vascular supply of the subgaleal fascia have been described previously. The thin and malleable subgaleal fascia was selected for difficult reconstructive problems in seven patients. This flap has been based on either the supraorbital or the superficial temporal vascular leash. The subgaleal fascia is readily dissected from superficial galea and deep periosteum, leaving behind a well-vascularized scalp and a skin-graftable calvarium. The flap conforms to a cartilage framework for ear reconstruction. It takes a skin graft well. The subgaleal fascia can patch dural defects and fill sinus dead space. It has been used to augment facial contour. Free vascularized transfer of the subgaleal fascia has included the temporoparietal fascia, which was partially split from the subgaleal fascia for bilobed flap resurfacing of the hand. The subgaleal fascial flap should be considered when ultrathin, vascularized coverage is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2024

Proteomics analysis of deep fascia in acute compartment syndrome.

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome in which local circulation is affected due to increased pressure within the compartment. We previously found in patients with calf fractures, the pressure of fascial compartment could be sharply reduced upon the appearance of tension blisters. Deep fascia, as the important structure for compartment, might play key role in this process. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the differences in gene profile in deep fascia tissue in fracture patients of the calf with or without tension blisters, and to explore the role of fascia in pressure improvement in ACS. Patients with lower leg fracture were enrolled and divided into control group (CON group, n = 10) without tension blister, and tension blister group (TB group, n = 10). Deep fascia tissues were collected and LC-MS/MS label-free quantitative proteomics were performed. Genes involved in fascia structure and fibroblast function were further validated by Western blot. The differentially expressed proteins were found to be mainly enriched in pathways related to protein synthesis and processing, stress fiber assembly, cell-substrate adhesion, leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity, and cellular response to stress. Compared with the CON group, the expression of Peroxidasin homolog (PXDN), which promotes the function of fibroblasts, and Leukocyte differentiation antigen 74 (CD74), which enhances the proliferation of fibroblasts, were significantly upregulated (p all <0.05), while the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), which is involved in collagen hydrolysis, and Neutrophil elastase (ELANE), which is involved in elastin hydrolysis, were significantly reduced in the TB group (p all <0.05), indicating fascia tissue underwent microenvironment reconstruction during ACS. In summary, the ACS accompanied by blisters is associated with the enhanced function and proliferation of fibroblasts and reduced hydrolysis of collagen and elastin. The adaptive alterations in the stiffness and elasticity of the deep fascia might be crucial for pressure release of ACS.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Characteristics of prosthetic mesh and autogenous fascia in abdominal wall reconstruction after prolonged implantation.

This study evaluated two types of prosthetic mesh and autogenous fascia in long-term abdominal wall reconstruction for rats. Marlex mesh, Gore-Tex patch, and autogenous fascia were implanted and left in place for 1 year. Materials were removed and evaluated using tensile strength of the material, tensile strength of the suture line, and adhesions. No change in the tensile strength of any of the materials were found at 1 year follow-up. Tensile strengths were significantly greater for Gore-Tex patch and Marlex mesh than the autogenous fascia. The Marlex mesh, however, had a weak and a strong tensile strength direction. These were significantly different (p < 0.05). Suture line tensile strength was greater for autogenous fascia and Marlex mesh than it was for the Gore-Tex patch, which was significantly weaker (p < 0.05). The greatest number of adhesions were seen in the Marlex mesh group. No significant difference was present in adhesions between Gore-Tex patch and autogenous fascia. In summary, autogenous fascia showed virtually no adhesions and good suture line strength. While it was the weakest of the three materials examined, the strength was still within the normal range and adequate for abdominal wall reconstruction.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1992

[The anatomical assessment of the renal fascia in the normal subject by using computed tomographic equipment with advanced technology].

One hundred patients, affected with diseases not involving the peri-renal and pararenal spaces, have been examined in order to evaluate the visibility of the renal fasciae, using a CT scanner provided with high spatial and contrast resolution. The anterior renal fascia has been recognized in 71% of cases on the right side and in 88% on the left. The posterior renal fascia had 96% of positive bilateral detectability. The latero-conal fascia was detected in 83% of cases on the right and in 91% on the left. The inter-renal fascia was recognized in 25% of cases, at the pancreas or, more frequently, on caudal planes. The peri-renal septa were seen in 58% of cases, mainly on the left side. Compared to previous data reported by other authors, the visibility of the renal fasciae has been increased by the greater spatial and contrast resolution offered by the new CT scanner, thus allowing better anatomical evaluation of peri and para-renal spaces.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Anatomy of the orbital fasciae and the third eyelid in dogs.

The connective tissue structures commonly referred to as the periorbita, orbital septum, muscular fasciae, and vagina bulbi or collectively, as the orbital fasciae were dissected then illustrated and described. Two sheets (layers) of the periorbita (endorbita) were found in our dogs. The periorbita should be renamed endorbita because of its anatomic relations. The periorbita did not always fuse with the periosteum of frontal and sphenoid bones. Rather, the periorbita and the periosteum were often distinct and separate; only medioventrally did several fibrous bands unite the superficial sheet of the endorbita with the periosteum. Two layers of the endorbita fused with the periosteum of the margin of the bony orbit and with the orbital ligament. The muscular fasciae were divided into 3 layers. The superficial layer extended caudally from the orbital septum, was thick, and was pierced by arteries, veins, and nerves. The middle layer was attached to the sclerocorneal junction and, at the temporal canthus of the eye, was divided into superficial and deep sheets. The deep portion was attached to the lateral angle of the third eyelid, similar to a strong ligament. The deep layer of the muscular fasciae extended caudally from the sclerocorneal junction in intimate contact with recti and oblique muscles of the eyeball. The deep portion of the deep muscular fascia covered the deep surface of all recti muscles and separated them from the retractor bulbi muscle. Intermuscular septa were observed between middle and deep muscular fascia layers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Fascia canals of the greater sciatic foramen and their practical importance].

Fasciae and fat tissue spaces in the gluteal region, topography of the suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina have been studied by means of a complex anatomical experimental technique. The suprapiriform foramen should be considered as a fascialosseous canal, as it is 4-4.5 cm long and 0.6-1.0 cm wide. It is formed by the upper margin of the greater sciatic notch covered with a thin fascia, fasciae of the gluteal and piriform muscles and the parietal layer of the pelvic fascia. The proper fascial vaginae of the upper gluteal vessels and nerves are adhered to fascial walls of the canal. This peculiarity is used for the method of ligation of the superior gluteal artery within the limits of the suprapiriform canal. The infrapiriform foramen is either narrow or wide enough (up to 2.0 cm in diameter). Inferior gluteal vessels at the level of the sacrospinous ligament go from the parietal layer of the pelvic fascia into the duplicature of the deeper layer of musculus gluteus maximus. The inferior gluteal nerve, above the lower margin of the piriform muscle, ajoining the vessels gets into the fissure of the parietal layer of the pelvic fascia, under the lower margin neurovascular fasciculus also goes through the fissure of the pelvic fascial parietal layer, downward and parallel to the inferior gluteal vessels. The knowledge of possible ways of connections through the canals of the greater sciatic foramen, fat tissue spaces at the subperitoneal level of the small pelvis and the gluteal region is of great practical value.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1975

Crossed pathways from the entorhinal area to the fascia dentata. II. Provokable in rats.

In the rat thhe perforant pathways from the entorhinal area normally innervate the fascia dentata only ipsilaterally. However, unilateral ablation of the entorhinal area (deentorhination) induces the formation of an anomalous crossed projection from the intact contralateral entorhinal area to the septal portion of the deafferented fascia dentata. After deentorhination of rats aged 1-30 days the organization of this projection was analyzed (a) by producing secondary lesions in the intact entorhinal area of perforant paths and observing the results anterograde degeneration with Fink-Heimer silver impregnation techniques, and (b) by staining with Timm's sulfide silver method whichmakes the terminal fields of afferent systems stand out in different tones of colors. Both methods showed the crossed entorhino-dentate projection to consist of two separable components. They were named the crossed medial perforant path and the crossed lateral perforant path, corresponding to their similarity in origin, dendritic localization of termination and Timm stainability to the ordinary, uncrossed medial and the lateral perforant pathways (MPP and LPP) which arise in the medial and lateral parts of the entorhinal cortex, respectively. Similarly induced crossed projections were demonstrated to the subcallosal continuation of fascia dentata, the fasciola cinerea. The heaviest terminal field of the crossed entorhino-dentate projection which was found in the most rostral and medial parts of the deafferented fascia dentata correlated with a lack of expected aberrant extension into theMPP and LPP terminal zones of commissural and ipsilateral hippocampodentate fibers. In Fink-Heimer preparations there was little variation in the distribution of the aberrant crossed sustems over the range of ages studied although the chronic operations performed earliest postnatally (5 days) tended to produce the heaviest representation. This latter observation appeared consistent with changes in the Timm staining pattern of the deafferented fascia dentata, since with an increase in age at the primary lesion from 5 to 14 days there was no increase in the spread into the fascia dentata of Timm stainable axon ter minals from CA3, interpreted as a sign of fewer crossed entorhinal afferents succeeding in a presumable competition with the CA3-derived system for available terminal space.

Age Factors↗