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Results for “Facial Muscles”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Selective experimental reinnervation of paralyzed facial muscles.

Amelioration of facial nerve dysfunction has been variably successful and often has resulted in only gross motion. An experimental model has been developed whereby the nerve-muscle pedicle technique used to reinnervate the larynx has been modified to achieve selective reinnervation of paralyzed facial muscles. A series of rabbits underwent facial denervation, following which a nerve-muscle pedicle was transposed to the denervated zygomaticus muscle to achieve selective reinnervation. Subsequent follow-up showed good clinical evidence of reinnervation one to four weeks postoperatively. This was confirmed by electromyographic and histologic findings. It is suggested that the nerve-muscle technique that has been used to correct laryngeal paralysis also may be applied to the selective reinnervation of paralyzed facial muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Criteria of the homology and phylogeny of facial muscles in primates including man. I. Prosimia and Platyrrhina].

The facial muscles of primates are derivates of sphincter colli profundus muscle and platysma myoides. A third superficial muscle layer which is present in primitive mammals is found as a rest in Tupaiiformes. The facial muscles of some Lemuriformes must be considered as a model from which originate the facial musculature of other primates. The new formation of muscles takes place at the margine of the original muscle layers; marginal muscle fibers assume another run and get individualized. So it can be seen in facial muscles of prosimians and platyrrhine monkeys that the profound muscles of mouth and nose and some of the rostral margine of the auricle have orginated from sphincter colli muscle, all others from platysma myoides. Primitive and modified muscle forms and intermediate muscle forms can be observed among prosimians as well as among platyrrhine monkeys and by this it is possible to see the homology of the facial muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The simultaneous use of electrocochleogram, brainstem auditory evoked potential and facial muscle EMG in cerebellopontine angle tumor removal.

In six cases of acoustic neurilemmoma, electrocochleogram (ECOchG), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and facial muscle electromyograms (EMG) were recorded to monitor facial nerve and brainstem function. Under isoflurane and nitrous oxide anesthesia, we recorded ECOchG from the tympanic membrane, BAEP from the scalp needle, and facial muscle EMG from the mentalis muscle. During surgery, the body temperature was kept above 36.5 degrees C, and PaCO2 above 30 mmHg. In all cases, the peak N1 of ECOchG and wave I of BAEP had identical latencies throughout the monitoring period. The response was faster and the amplitude was higher in the ECOchG recordings. For calculation of the I-III or I-V interpeak latency of BAEP, the wave I of BAEP could be confirmed more quickly and precisely by the peak N1 of ECOchG. During tumor removal, the embedded facial nerve pathway in the tumor was identified by electric stimulation of the intracranial facial nerve, followed by evoked facial muscle EMG. Facial nerve function was confirmed by nerve traction or direct electric stimulation after total removal of the tumor. No facial palsy or other neurologic sequelae was found after the operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Functional state of the suprasegmental structures of the brain in experimental secondary contracture of the facial muscles].

For the first time the model of secondary contractures of facial nerves was used to study by long-term sterotaxic implanted electrodes the state of the cortex, amygdal complex, reticular formation of the middle brain, reticular nuclei of the pons and nuclei of the facial nerves. The experiments were accomplished on 31 rabbits. The experiments confirmed a close functional connnection of the VII pair of cranial nerves with the limbico-reticular complex. In secondary contracture there were factors facilitating the influence of pons reticular structures on the deficient system the facial nerve--facial muscles. The achieved data are used to explain the origination of the main symptom of secondary contractures--a stable increase of the muscular tone.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1976

A new method to achieve complete akinesia of the facial muscles of the eyelids.

Blocking the facial nerve by injecting anesthetic agent over the most posterior, most superior palpable aspect of the ramus of the mandible produces more reliably complete facial nerve akinesia than obtained by the standard techniques used to obtain facial akinesia. The position is posterior and inferior to the point chosen for the classical O'Brien block. This new technique is safe and no complications have been noted in over 10 years of use. It is highly recommended as a method of achieving total hemifacial akinesia for ophthalmic procedures.

Eyelids↗
PubMed1976

Facial muscle patterning to affective imagery in depressed and nondepressed subjects.

When subjects imagine happy, sad, and angry situations, different patterns of facial muscle activity are produced which can be measured by electromyography. These subtle, typically covert, facial expression patterns differentiate depressed from nondepressed subjects. Facial electromyography can provide a sensitive, objective index of normal and clinical mood states.

Depression↗
PubMed1977

[Studies on the facial muscles in the aged].

The dissection of the facial musculature in the elderly made on 2 bodies, confirmed the mode of evolution noted earlier in the Primates. The reduction in the m. platysma myoides was confirmed; this muscle showed only two parts: a rudimentary pars buccalis and a relatively developed pars mentalis. This reduction was accompanied by fundamental transformations since the m. quadratus of the chin appeared at the anterior part of the pars mentalis of the platysma myoides. The derivatives of the deep m. sphincter coli showed an arrangement very similar to that of the Simians. However some modifications already observed became stronger, particularly the verticilisation of the m. caninus and the separation of the two m. zygomaticus. Curiously, the extrinsic ear musculature persisted and remained well developed despite its absence of activity.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contralaterally elicited electrical stimulation of paralyzed facial muscles.

Functional electrical stimulation is being explored in the extremities. A major obstacle is found in programming the firing sequence. In 1976, David Zealear proposed using the activity on the normal side in axial muscle pairs that normally function symmetrically to act as a template to control the stimulator. This method was demonstrated in laryngeal muscles in dogs, and is now demonstrated in the face with future applications being proposed. The facial nerve on one side was sectioned in a series of rabbits. Implanted electrodes received electrical potentials from selected muscles on the normal side. Bursts of electrical activity on the normal side during a blink or a twitch were used to trigger a muscle stimulator, which was routed to matching muscles on the paralyzed side. This technique restored symmetric function to the hemiparalyzed side. This technique restored symmetric function to the hemiparalyzed face.

Animals↗