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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Adverse reactions to food additives.

Food additives can induce a wide range of adverse reactions in sensitive individuals. A prevalence of 0.03% to 0.23% is estimated. The complexity of the different pathophysiologic mechanisms possibly involved in the allergic (immunologic) or in the intolerant (nonimmunologic) reactions to food additives continues to create great difficulties in the understanding of such conditions. From the clinical point of view it is useful to make a distinction between an intolerance reaction and intolerance provocation. The pathogenic mechanisms of adverse reactions to the azo dye tartrazine and to sulfite preservatives are discussed briefly. Due to the lack of reliable skin or in vitro tests, the diagnosis of an intolerance to food additives is still based on placebo-controlled oral provocation tests. Two typical cases of a "restaurant syndrome" due to sulfite allergy or sensitivity are described, as well as a case of disulfite-induced urticaria-vasculitis and a case of anaphylactoid purpura associated with tartrazine and benzoates.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Food sensitivity. Handling reactions to foods and food additives.

Food sensitivity is only one of several types of food-related reactions. Symptoms are not pathognomonic; hence, a broad differential diagnosis is often considered. Unless the anticipated reaction is systemic anaphylaxis, the role of any food suspected (by history, skin testing, and/or radioallergosorbent test) of causing the patient's symptoms should be verified by elimination-challenge testing. Dietary elimination is the most effective treatment, but its success depends on several factors.

Food Additives↗
PubMed2000

[Simultaneous rapid determination of eight food additives in foods by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography].

A simple and rapid method for the determination of eight food additives by RP-HPLC is described. They were saccharin, aspartame, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, vanillin, caffeine, carmine and sunset yellow. The experiments were carried on Shim-pack CLC-ODS (150 mm x 6.0 mm i.d.) with methanol-20 mmol/L NH4Ac (44:56, V/V; pH 7.0) as the eluent at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV detection wavelength was fixed at 220 nm. The food samples, after precipitation of the impurities with Carrez reagent, were injected directly into the HPLC system. The average recoveries of all the eight additives were between 91.9%-108.5%, and the RSDs were lower than 4% (n = 5). The analysis of a single sample required only 8 min. This method has been successfully applied to the routine analysis of these additives in foods.

Aspartame↗
PubMed2002

[Constituent of natural food additive hokosshi extract and an analytical method for the additive in foods].

Hokosshi extract is obtained by ethanol extraction from the seeds of hokosshi (Psoralea corylifolia), which is used as a Chinese medicine. The constituents of hokosshi extract were analyzed. The main constituent was isolated using column chromatography, and identified as bakuchiol by TLC, LC/MS and NMR. Bavachinin A was also detected. In order to prepare a marker substance for hokosshi extract, bakuchiol was isolated from seeds of hokosshi using Sep-Pak cartridges. An analytical method for hokosshi extract in foods based on detection of bakuchiol was developed. Bakuchiol was extracted from food with 60 vol% ethanol. The extract was cleaned up using a Sep-Pak plus C18 cartridge, and bakuchiol was determined by HPLC. Seasoning and juice were spiked with hokosshi extract at 500 micrograms/g and analyzed by the proposed method. The recoveries of bakuchiol were 72-99%. The detection limit for the assay was 25 micrograms/g.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2002

Estimation of concentrations of antifungal agents allowed as food additives in foods and their daily intake based on official inspection results in Japan in fiscal year 1998.

The mean concentrations and daily intake of four antifungal agents were estimated based on the results of an analysis of 7,005 samples of food obtained in official inspections by Japanese local governments in fiscal year 1998. The mean concentration of diphenyl was 0.0004% of the allowable limit, and those of imazalil, o-phenylphenol, and thiabendazole were 14.0%, 3.5%, and 5.7%, respectively. The daily intakes of these antifungal agents per person, estimated from their concentrations and the daily consumption of the foods, were 0.000326, 1.89, 11.5, and 23.3 micrograms, respectively, and assuming a body weight of 50 kg, the amounts of these antifungal agents consumed were 0.000013%, 0.15%, 0.12%, and 0.47% of the acceptable daily intake, respectively. These values are similar to the values obtained on the basis of the results of the official inspection in fiscal years 1994 and 1996, except that the amount of diphenyl is much lower (1/100).

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1982

Food additives and food components in total diets in the Netherlands.

1. During a period of 2 years, every 2 months 126 different food items forming a 'market basket' were purchased, prepared and divided into twelve food commodity groups. The 'market basket' was based on a study of the dietary pattern of 16- to 18-year-old male adolescents. In the (homogenized) food groups various additives and components of nutritional importance were determined. From the concentrations of the additives and components in the food groups and the daily consumption of each food group, a mean daily intake of all components analysed was calculated. 2. The mean daily amounts of benzoic acid (34 mg), sorbic acid (6 mg), glutamic acid (660 mg) and sulphite (3 mg) were all far below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) value. Butylated hydroxytoluene and gallates were not detectable, while butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was found in only a few instances; the maximum amount of BHA was also very low (4 mg). 3. The mean daily intakes of fluorine (0.8 mg), iodine (0.21 mg), phosphorus (1860 mg) and alpha-tocopherol (9.4 mg) seem safe and adequate. Cholesterol intakes of 25% above the maximum of 300 mg/d, as advised by the Dutch Bureau for Nutrition Education, were found. The mean fat intake appeared to be 40% of total daily energy, protein content 13% of total energy and total (available) carbohydrate 46% of total energy. The daily dietary fibre content (18 g) and the daily amount of linoleic + linolenic acid (6% of total energy) were considered too low. The daily level of sodium (4.2 g) was not considered too high. 4. It is recommended that the study should be repeated regularly, e.g. every few years, in order to monitor trends in the concentrations of significant food components in total diets.

Adolescent↗