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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Taxonomy of Antarctic Flavobacterium species: description of Flavobacterium gillisiae sp. nov., Flavobacterium tegetincola sp. nov., and Flavobacterium xanthum sp. nov., nom. rev. and reclassification of [Flavobacterium] salegens as Salegentibacter salegens gen. nov., comb. nov.

16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis of a number of yellow- and orange-pigmented strains isolated from a variety of Antarctic habitats including sea ice, lakewater and cyanobacterial mats indicated a close relationship to the genus Flavobacterium but distinct from known Flavobacterium species. Phenotypic properties, DNA G+C content and whole-cell fatty acid profiles of the Antarctic strains were consistent with those of the genus Flavobacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis indicated the presence of two distinct and novel genospecies each isolated from a different Antarctic habitat. From polyphasic taxonomic data it is proposed that the two groups represent new species with the following proposed names: Flavobacterium gillisiae (ACAM 601T) and Flavobacterium tegetincola (ACAM 602T). In addition polyphasic analysis of the species '[Cytophaga] xantha' (Inoue and Komagata 1976), isolated from Antarctic mud, indicated it was a distinct member of the genus Flavobacterium and was thus revived as Flavobacterium xanthum. Phylogenetic and fatty acid analyses also indicate that the species [Flavobacterium] salegens (Dobson et al. 1993), from Organic Lake, Antarctica, is misclassified at the genus level. It is proposed that this species belongs to a new genus, Salegentibacter salegens gen. nov., comb. nov.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed1986

Chemical characterization of Flavobacterium odoratum, Flavobacterium breve, and Flavobacterium-like groups IIe, IIh, and IIf.

The cellular fatty acid, sphingolipid, and isoprenoid quinone compositions of Flavobacterium odoratum, Flavobacterium breve, and Flavobacterium-like groups IIe, IIh, and IIf were determined, using thin-layer, gas-liquid, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The fatty acid data showed that groups IIe, IIh, and IIf were similar to recognized Flavobacterium species by the presence of relatively large amounts of iso-branched hydroxy and nonhydroxy acids. Groups IIe and IIh were essentially identical in fatty acid composition but were distinguished from group IIf, F. breve, and F. odoratum on the basis of minor qualitative and quantitative differences. All strains tested contained menaquinone 6 as the major isoprenoid quinone, and all lacked sphingolipids. Overall, the chemical data suggest that groups IIe, IIh, and IIf are additional Flavobacterium species and are different from sphingobacteria, which contain sphingolipid and menaquinone 7 as the major quinone.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1993

Direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA gene of Flavobacterium gondwanense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium salegens sp. nov., two new species from a hypersaline Antarctic lake.

Phenotypic data and phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid profiles indicate that pigmented bacterial strains isolated from a hypersaline Antarctic lake are members of the "flavobacterium-bacteroides" phylum and may represent new taxa. Nearly complete 16S rRNA sequences were obtained for representative strains by directly sequencing the polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA gene. Sequence signatures confirmed that these organisms were members of the flavobacterium-bacteroides phylum. A phylogenetic analysis, in which the sequences of the Antarctic strains were compared with a large number of sequences available for members of the flavobacterium-bacteroides phylum, showed that the Antarctic strains were phylogenetically distinct. The new species cluster with a group of organisms that contains the type species of the genus Flavobacterium, Flavobacterium aquatile. Two new species are described, for which the names Flavobacterium gondwanense and Flavobacterium salegens are proposed; strains ACAM 44 (= DSM 5423) and ACAM 48 (= DSM 5424) are the type strains of F. gondwanense and F. salegens, respectively.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed2003

Flavobacterium xinjiangense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium omnivorum sp. nov., novel psychrophiles from the China No. 1 glacier.

Two novel psychrophilic bacterial strains (ZF-6(T) and ZF-8(T)) were isolated from the China No. 1 glacier. Polyphasic taxonomy using physiological and biochemical properties and phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two isolates belonged to the genus Flavobacterium, and that they were distinct from each other and also from the known species of this genus. Strains ZF-6(T) and ZF-8(T) are Gram-negative and both have an optimal growth temperature of 11 degrees C. Strain ZF-6(T) is able to grow at 0-20 degrees C, the G + C content of its genomic DNA is 34.4 mol% and the major fatty acids of ZF-6(T) are C(16 : 1)omega7c (17.7%) and C15 : 1)omega6c (12.7%). Strain ZF-8(T) showed a strong ability to degrade organic macromolecules such as starch, CM-cellulose, pectin and chitin. Its DNA G + C content is 35.1 mol%, and the major fatty acids are C(16 : 1)omega7C (18.2%) and C(15 : 0) (9.9%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences indicated that ZF-6(T) and ZF-8(T) belong to the genus Flavobacterium and represent two novel species. DNA-DNA hybridization also supported the status of the two new isolates. The names Flavobacterium xinjiangense sp. nov. (type strain, ZF-6(T) = AS 1.2749(T) = JCM 11314(T)) and Flavobacterium omnivorum sp. nov. (type strain, ZF-8(T) = AS 1.2747(T) = JCM 11313(T)) are proposed for the two new isolates.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Genotypic heterogeneity of Flavobacterium group IIb and Flavobacterium breve demonstrated by DNA-DNA hybridization.

DNA-DNA hybridization studies on 42 stains presumptively identified as members of Flavobacterium group IIb and Flavobacterium breve indicated pronounced genotypic heterogeneity within these taxa. Three large groups highly related to the type strains of F. gleum, F. indologenes and F. breve respectively, and eight small groups were found. The group containing the type strain of F. breve was phenotypically indistinguishable from another genomic group, and these two groups were significantly separated from the other flavobacteria studied. The other nine genomic groups, representing Flavobacterium group IIb, could not with certainty be differentiated from each other by phenotypic characteristics, and there is no evidence indicating that these genomic groups differ from each other with respect to pathogenicity or ecology. Thus, it is suggested that for the time being the name "Flavobacterium group IIb" rather than specific epithets continue to be used for these bacteria.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Occurrence of 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids in high concentrations in the extractable and bound lipids of Flavobacterium meningosepticum and Flavobacterium IIb.

The major hydroxy fatty acids of cellular lipids in Flavobacterium meningosepticum and Flavobacterium sp. King's group UUb were identified as 2-hydroxy 13-methyltetradecanoic, 3-hydroxy 13-methyltetradecanoic, 3-hydroxy palmitic, and 3-hydroxy 15-methylhexadecanoic acids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and GC-mass fragmentography. The concentration of these hydroxy fatty acids comprised up to 30-40% of the total extractable and 20-30% of the bound lipid fatty acids, respectively. From the stability for mild alkaline hydrolysis, 2-hydroxy fatty acids seemed to be attached with ester linkage, and 3-hydroxy fatty acids with amide linkage.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1987

Crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of Flavobacterium meningosepticum and allied Flavobacterium taxa.

A total of 55 different antigens were demonstrated in pooled lysate of six Flavobacterium meningosepticum strains by crossed immunoelectrophoresis against homologous rabbit antibody. The six strains used represented the two DNA relatedness groups within this species. All 52 strains of F. meningosepticum investigated were found to cross-react with 53 to 55 of these F. meningosepticum reference antigens. Using this F. meningosepticum reference system, cross-reactions between the F. meningosepticum reference antigen and antigens from representatives of other Flavobacterium taxa were also investigated. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the number of cross-reacting antigens and the taxonomic relatedness of the investigated taxa as determined by other classification methods, including DNA-DNA hybridization. The crossed immunoelectrophoretic techniques were not useful in differentiating the two main DNA groups of F. meningosepticum.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cellular fatty acids of Flavobacterium meningosepticum and Flavobacterium species group IIb.

The cellular fatty acid profiles of Flavobacterium meningosepticum and Flavobacterium species group IIb were markedly different from those of related bacteria. The profiles were characterized by the presence of 13-methyl-tetradecanoate and three uncommon acids: 2-hydroxy-13-methyl-tetradecanoate, 15-methyl-hexadecanoate, and 3-hydroxy-15-methyl-hexadecanoate.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1999

Flavobacterium spp. organisms as opportunistic bacterial pathogens during advanced HIV disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of Flavobacterium spp. infection in patients with HIV disease. METHODS: Clinical charts of 2412 consecutive HIV-infected patients hospitalized in a 8-year period were retrospectively reviewed, to identify all cases of Flavobacterium spp. infections, and to evaluate their occurrence and outcome according to several epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory parameters. RESULTS: Six patients out of 2412 (0.25%), developed Flavobacterium spp. complications: septicaemia in five cases, and pneumonia in the remaining patient, with F. meningosepticum and F. odoratum isolated in two cases and one case, respectively, and unnamed Flavobacterium spp. organisms in the remaining three cases. Flavobacterium spp. organisms were responsible for six out of 1939 overall episodes of non-mycobacterial bacterial diseases observed in our patient group (0.31%). All patients were severely immunocompromised, showing a prior diagnosis of AIDS, a mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of 64.2 (range 12-187) cells/microl, and a mean neutrophil count of 1.143 (range 700-1600) cells (range 700-1600) cells/microl. Antibiotic, corticosteriod, or cotrimoxazole treatment was carried out during the month preceding disease onset by three, two and five patients, respectively. Community-acquired and nosocomial Flavobacterium spp. disease were equally frequent, but the latter occurred with a significantly lower mean neutrophil and CD4+ cell count. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays showed complete sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, and variable resistance to ureidopenicillins, ceftazidime, imipenem, aztreonam, and aminoglycosides. An appropriate antimicrobial regimen obtained clinical and microbiological cure in all cases, in absence of related mortality or relapses. CONCLUSIONS: Since only one episode of HIV-associated F. (Sphingobacterium) multivorum complication has been described to date, our series represents the largest one dealing with Flavobacterium spp. infection in the setting of HIV disease. Our experience suggests that Flavobacterium spp. organisms may play a pathogenic role in patients with advanced HIV disease, even when some commonly recognized risk factors are lacking (i.e. indwelling catheters, instrumentation, IV drug abuse), while a very low CD4+ lymphocyte count, leukopaenia-neutropaenia, and concurrent AIDS-related infectious complications may act as important predisposing factors. In view of the infrequent occurrence of these infections, early suspicion is essential for both clinicians and microbiologists facing immunocompromised patients at risk for invasive bacterial complications. Flavobacterium spp. organisms should be taken into consideration as nosocomial- or community-acquired opportunistic pathogens, due to their relationship with advanced immunodeficiency and their elevated resistance to many antimicrobial agents commonly used against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Riemerella anatipestifer gen. nov., comb. nov., the causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa, and its phylogenetic affiliation within the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga rRNA homology group.

The phylogenetic position of the causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa, now most often referred to as [Moraxella] anatipestifer (brackets indicate a generically misnamed taxon) or "[Pasteurella] anatipestifer," was established by performing rRNA cistron similarity studies. [Moraxella] anatipestifer belongs to rRNA superfamily V, together with the genera Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, Flexibacter, Weeksella, Capnocytophaga, and Sphingobacterium. The detailed structure of rRNA superfamily V, which now contains five major rRNA homology groups, is described. An analysis of various phenotypic parameters, including new data (cellular proteins and fatty acids) and previously published data (respiratory quinones, enzyme activities, and classical phenotypic features), revealed that [Moraxella] anatipestifer differs in many aspects from its closest relatives, Flavobacterium indologenes, Flavobacterium gleum, Flavobacterium indoltheticum, Flavobacterium balustinum, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, and Weeksella zoohelcum. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicate that this organism should be placed in a separate genus; the name Riemerella anatipestifer gen. nov., comb. nov. is proposed for this bacterium. The specific epithet anatipestifer is kept in order to avoid nomenclatural confusion. However, it should be emphasized that the illness caused by this organism is a septicemic disease which is not restricted to ducks.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Psychroflexus torquis gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrophilic species from Antarctic sea ice, and reclassification of Flavobacterium gondwanense (Dobson et al. 1993) as Psychroflexus gondwanense gen. nov., comb. nov.

A group of sea-ice-derived psychrophilic bacterial strains possessing the unusual ability to synthesize the polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega 3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) belong to the Family Flavobacteriaceae (Flexibacter-Bacteroides-Flavobacterium phylum), according to 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Surprisingly, the isolates were also found to cluster closely to the moderately halophilic and psychrotrophic species [Flavobacterium] gondwanense (sequence similarity 97.8-98.1%). The whole-cell fatty acid profiles of this group and [Flavobacterium] gondwanense were very similar and distinct from other related flavobacteria. The sea ice strains and [Flavobacterium] gondwanense differed substantially in terms of ecophysiology, possibly representing divergent adaptations to sympagic and planktonic marine habitats, respectively. Evidence based on phylogeny and fatty acid profiles supports the conclusion that the taxa are close relatives distinct from other bacterial groups. It is thus proposed that the sea ice strains represent a novel taxon designated Psychroflexus torquis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain ACAM 623T) while [Flavobacterium] gondwanense becomes Psychroflexus gondwanense gen. nov., comb. nov.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed2003

Flavobacterium limicola sp. nov., a psychrophilic, organic-polymer-degrading bacterium isolated from freshwater sediments.

Three novel strains of cold-adapted bacteria, ST-82T, ST-10 and ST-92, were isolated from freshwater sediments. These three isolates were very similar to each other in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits, as well as in 16S rDNA sequence. The strains were Gram-negative, elongated filament-like rods that formed bright yellow colonies. They showed neither flexirubin pigments nor gliding motility. The strains were able to hydrolyse casein, gelatin, starch, agar, aesculin, urea, uric acid and tyrosine. They also lysed cells of Escherichia coil and Pseudomonas putida. The temperature range for growth was 0-25 degrees C, with optimum growth occurring at 15-20 degrees C. For all isolates, protease secretion increased as temperature decreased. Sodium chloride inhibited their growth, although the strains tolerated up to 1.5% (w/v) NaCl. Menaquinone-6 was the major respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C15:1, iso-C15:1, C16 : 1omega7cis, iso-C16 : 1, iso-C17 : 1, iso-C15 : 3-OH and iso-C16 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G + C content was 34.0-34.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences suggested that the strains belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and were closely related to Flavobacterium xanthum and Flavobacterium frigidarium, with sequence similarities of 96.9 and 96.3%, respectively. In physiological and biochemical analyses, the isolates were differentiated from all known members of the genus Flavobacterium. The name Flavobacterium limicola is proposed for these novel strains, and the type strain is ST-82T (=JCM 11473T =DSM 15094T).

Base Composition↗
PubMed2003

Flavobacterium gelidilacus sp. nov., isolated from microbial mats in Antarctic lakes.

Twenty-two isolates from microbial mats in eastern Antarctic lakes showed similar fatty acid compositions and were investigated further using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Repetitive extragenic palindromic DNA-PCR fingerprinting of the 22 strains revealed three groups, and DNA-DNA hybridizations between representatives showed more than 87 % DNA-DNA reassociation with each other. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed two representative strains, LMG 21477(T) and LMG 21619, within the genus Flavobacterium, with 95.1 % sequence similarity to Flavobacterium flevense, 95.0 % to Flavobacterium tegetincola, less than 95 % to other Flavobacterium species and less than 90 % to representatives of other genera. The name Flavobacterium gelidilacus sp. nov. is proposed, with LMG 21477(T) (=DSM 15343(T)) as the type strain, and a description of the species is given on the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics and fatty acid composition. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 30.0-30.4 mol%.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed1985

A numerical taxonomic study of Flavobacterium-Cytophaga strains from dairy sources.

Phenotypic data on 203 Gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria of the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group isolated from milk and butter were analyzed by numerical taxonomic techniques. Twenty reference strains including species of Flavobacterium, Cytophaga and strains of Pseudomonas paucimobilis were included in the study. Using the matching coefficient of Sokal & Michener with antibiotic susceptibility data included, 189 isolates were recovered in nine clusters. Six of these clusters were linked at or above the 85% S level while three were linked at or above the 79% S level. The largest cluster, representing 46.3% of the isolates, could be equated with Flavobacterium sp. Group IIb. Other clusters could be equated with Flavobacterium sp. L 16/1 (22.7% of isolates), F. balustinum (10.8% of isolates), F. breve (4.4%), F. multivorum (3.5%) and Cytophaga johnsonae (1.5%). The cluster resembling Flavobacterium sp. L 16/1 and a smaller unclassified cluster, were exceptional in being susceptible to the antibiotics cephalothin and penicillin G.

Animals↗