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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Education and training in gastroenterology. A report from the Far East.

The Far East is a poorly defined region with enormous population density, the countries possessing divergent historical and cultural backgrounds, and in many the spectrum of disease is determined by poverty. Training in gastroenterology usually involves 3 years' training in general medicine, followed by 3-5 years' training in gastroenterology. The degree of sophistication of the program varies from country to country. The survey showed most units had 20-40 beds allocated to gastrointestinal diseases, and the number of full-time and research staff varied greatly. A need existed for overseas training for graduates doing their initial training in gastroenterology, and for more senior gastroenterologists who wish to extend their knowledge of overseas practices and techniques. Also, in many countries there was a deficiency in the availability of overseas journals and texts.

Australia↗
PubMed2003

Current issues and treatment of fulminant hepatic failure including transplantation in Hong Kong and the Far East.

In the Far East, fulminant hepatic failure is mainly due to viral hepatitis. In areas where hepatitis B infection is endemic, exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B infection, either spontaneously or on withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy, is the major cause of fulminant hepatic failure. For hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients treated with intense immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapy, preemptive use of lamivudine has drastically reduced the incidence of hepatitis due to hepatitis B exacerbation. Recently, the application of orthotopic liver transplantation, in particular living donor liver transplantation, has markedly improved the survival of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. In Hong Kong, the phenomenon of adoptive transfer of immunity to hepatitis B virus in liver transplantation has recently been reported. The mechanisms by which transfer of immunity occurs and its potential relationship with grafts from living related donors should be further explored.

Asia, Eastern↗
PubMed2000

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a comparison between Far-East Asian and white men.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the possible differences between Far-East Asian men and white men in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized controlled study. METHODS: This study compared consecutive Far-East Asian men with OSAS (n = 50) with two selected groups of White men with OSAS (n = 50 in each group). One group of white men was controlled for age, respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and minimum oxygenation saturation (LSAT). Another group was controlled for age and body mass index (BMI). Cephalometric analysis was performed on all subjects. RESULTS: The majority of the Far-East Asian men were found to be nonobese (mean BMI, 26.7 +/- 3.8) but had severe OSAS (mean RDI, 55.1 +/- 35.1). When controlled for age, RDI, and LSAT, the white men were substantially more obese (mean BMI, 29.7 +/- 5.8, P = .0055). When controlled for age and BMI, the white men had less severe illness (RDI, 34.1 +/- 17.9, P = .0001). Although the posterior airway space and the distance from the mandibular plane to hyoid bone were less abnormal in the Far-East Asian men, the cranial base dimensions were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the Far-East Asian men in this study were found to be nonobese, despite the presence of severe OSAS. When compared with white men, Far-East Asian men were less obese but had greater severity of OSAS. There may be differences in obesity and craniofacial anatomy as risk factors in these two groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-reported illness among travelers to the Russian Far East.

This study evaluated the risk of travelers to the Russian Far East developing acute gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms. Passengers and crew on 10 commercial airline flights from the Russian Far East to the United States were asked to complete a health questionnaire that asked age, sex, country of residence, length of stay, foods and beverages consumed, and about gastrointestinal or "flu" symptoms. Questionnaires were returned by 353 of 662 persons (53.3 percent). The most frequently reported symptoms were diarrhea (N = 18; 5.1 percent) and "flu" symptoms (N = 15; 4.2 percent). Among those people who reported symptoms, most were sick for 3 days or less, although 10 (27.0 percent) were still sick at the time that they entered the United States. Age and sex were not associated with symptoms. Persons who drank untreated tap water were more likely to have gastrointestinal symptoms (relative risk = 2.7; 95 percent confidence interval = 1.2, 5.9) while those who drank bottled or canned fruit juice were protected (relative risk = 0.4; 95 percent confidence interval = 0.2, 0.8). The incidence of "flu" symptoms was similar to the rate for the general population of the United States while the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms was increased and only slightly less than the rate among travelers to developing countries. Travelers may wish to restrict consumption of untreated tap water and increase consumption of fruit juices. Additional work is needed to identify the pathogens responsible for acute illness among travelers to the Russian Far East.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Preventing and preparing for animal health emergencies in the Far East.

The advantageous geographical location of Member Countries of the Office International des Epizooties in the Far East (often islands or peninsulas) provides better isolation than that of countries with terrestrial frontiers. However, in the light of the explosive foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak which occurred in Taipei China in 1997 after nearly 70 years of freedom from FMD, countries in the Far East were alerted to the fact that while countries can be physically far or isolated from the rest of the world, they do not necessarily remain protected from epidemics and consequently need to be aware of effective methods of management of animal health emergencies. Countries in the Far East reviewed national management policies from the viewpoint of organisational structure, surveillance system, diagnostic service, vaccine stock, funding, legislation etc., and reconstructed these policies to ensure they were better organised to prevent and control malignant diseases, such as FMD, in the case of an emergency. With the accelerating and increasing movement of animals and animal products internationally, countries in the region met in Tokyo in April 1998 to discuss preparedness and management of animal health emergencies.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical aspects of migration in the Far East regions].

A comparative analysis was made of medical and climatic conditions in the south of the Far East. Changes in the immune status, lipid peroxidation of blood cell membranes, and the antioxidative system were studied during adaptation of adults and children who had arrived from Siberia, the European part of Russia, and Far-East regions. How a standard regional adaptation of the bioimmunological status forms was followed up under the conditions of monsoons. Critical periods in migrants' adaptation and bioimmunological criteria of development of disadaptation conditions are described. A concept of the tense-dynamic type of migrants' adaptative bioimmunological reactions under the Far East monsoon conditions is proposed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification of the yeast species Saccharomyces bayanus in Far East Asia].

The genetic and molecular genetic analyses of nine Far East Asian Saccharomyces isolates allowed us to identify three species (S. cerevisiae, S. paradoxus, and S. bayanus). The occurrence of the last species in Far East Asia was shown for the first time. A new method for the molecular genetic differentiation of Saccharomyces sensu stricto species is described. The ecogeographical distribution of Saccharomyces yeasts is discussed.

DNA, Fungal↗
PubMed1980

Neurological disease in ex-Far-East prisoners of war.

In a group of 4684 ex-Far-East prisoners of war released in 1945, 679 had neurological disease; optic atrophy and peripheral neuropathy were the most common illnesses. However, in 89 patients neurological disease developed many years after their release; 35 of these patients had cord lesions unlike those seen in multiple sclerosis and other recognised diseases. In addition, Parkinson's disease often developed many years after release with a prevalence much higher than that in the normal population. The experiences that these patients had while in the Far East may have made them liable to develop cord disease and Parkinson's disease many years later.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Substance abuse problems in the Magadan Region of the Russian Far East.

People in the Magadan Region are hopeful that citizens of Alaska will make contact with Native peoples, especially in the Magadan region. Right now, rates of alcohol-related problems are high and economic difficulties are leading to cutbacks in existing programs (see Chart 2). Alaskans have much good experience and information to share, and there is a lot that can be accomplished, as illustrated by the story of the recovering woman, and her influence upon people by example. Dynamics of the morbidity of alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis in regions of Siberia and the Far East. Chart 3 shows dramatic rises in alcoholism/alcoholic psychosis rates between 1965 and 1985. On the scale used, rates were about 20 per 10,000 in 1965, and in 1985 were about 250 per 10,000. Rates appear to be higher in the Far East, to be second highest in Western Siberia, and to be slightly lower in Eastern Siberia. Rates for Russia as a whole seem to have followed the same general trend towards rising, but are somewhat lower than the rates given for Siberia and the Soviet Far East. Two questions arise out of this data: 1. Why the increase since 1965? 2. Why worse in the Far East?

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Genetic diversities of hantaviruses among rodents in Hokkaido, Japan and Far East Russia.

Seroepizootiologic surveys among wild rodents were carried out in Japan and Far East Russia in 1995 and 1996. Seropositive animals were only identified in Clethrionomys rufocanus (23/134) in Hokkaido, Japan. On the other hand, seropositives were identified in C. rufocanus (1/8), Apodemus agrarius (2/66), Apodemus spp. (2/26) and Microtus fortis (3/22) in Vladivostok, Far East Russia. Total RNA was isolated from lungs of seropositive animals and the S genome segments were amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. The S and M genomes of hantavirus, derived from Japanese C. rufocanus (Tobetsu genotype), were most closely related with Puumala viruses (76-79% nucleotide and 95% amino acid identities for S genome, 70-78% nucleotide and 87-92% amino acid identities for M genome). The recombinant nucleocapsid protein of Tobetsu genotype was antigenically quite similar with that of Sotkamo. These suggest that the virus endemic in Japanese C. rufocanus belongs to Puumala virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the genotype forms a distinct lineage within Puumala viruses. Partial S segment (1-1251 nt), derived from seropositive M. fortis in Vladivostok, was sequenced and analyzed. The S genome segment, which was designated Vladivostok genotype, was most closely related with Khabarovsk virus (79% nucleotide and 90% amino acid identities) which was isolated from M. fortis.

Animals↗