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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comprehension of famous personal and geographical names in global aphasic subjects.

This experiment compared comprehension of famous personal and geographical names with that of common nouns in three groups of severe aphasic subjects across three modalities. Results revealed that the global aphasic group comprehended famous personal names significantly better than they did common nouns and were better in the reading comprehension modality. Comprehension of famous geographical names in the global aphasic group, however, was as impaired as that of common nouns. CT images suggested that the left occipital lobe and the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, as well as the right hemisphere, may have relevance to the comprehension of written famous personal names.

Aged↗
PubMed2007

The semantic and episodic subcomponents of famous person knowledge: dissociation in healthy subjects.

Fifty-two subjects between ages 40 and 79 years were administered a questionnaire assessing their ability to recall semantic information about famous people from 4 different decades and to recollect its episodic source of acquisition together with autonoetic consciousness via the remember-know paradigm. In addition, they underwent a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests to assess episodic and semantic memory and executive functions. The analyses of age reveal differences for the episodic source score but no differences between age groups for the semantic scores within each decade. Regardless of the age of people, the analyses also show that semantic memory subcomponents of the famous person test are highly associated with each other as well as with the source component. The recall of semantic information on the famous person test relies on participants' semantic abilities, whereas the recall of its episodic source depends on their executive functions. The present findings confirm the existence of an episodic-semantic distinction in knowledge about famous people. They provide further evidence that personal source and semantic information are at once distinct and highly interactive within the framework of remote memory.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Famous personal names and the right hemisphere: the link keeps missing.

In this reply to the comment by VanLancker and Ohnesorge (2002), we present the case that current evidence supports the role of left hemisphere in the recognition of famous personal names. We argue that this conclusion is in line not only with the results of Schweinberger, Landgrebe, Mohr, and Kaufmann (2002), but also with the evidence from methods other than divided visual field studies (e.g., PET and ERP studies). We show that our view is also supported by a new set of experiments that address a major concern raised by VanLancker and Ohnesorge in their comment and discuss why the evidence they present does not provide conclusive support to their right hemisphere hypothesis. One of the several possible reasons for this failure is that famous name stimuli may be less suitable than personally familiar stimuli to elicit personally relevant, affective aspects of recognition.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Otorhinolaryngeal diseases in old age and in famous persons.

Diseases of the ear, nose and throat influenced or played an important role in the lives of painters (D. Ghirlandaio, L. da Vinci, L. van Leyden, J. Reynolds, F. Goya, V. van Gogh), composers (L. van Beethoven, B. Smetana, G. Puccini, M. Ravel, J. Jezek), writers or poets (W. Shakespeare, O. Wilde), statesmen (Francis II, John VI., G. Washington, Frederick III, G.S. Cleveland, U.S. Grant, Edward VII, A. Hitler, F.D. Roosevelt) or other famous persons (M. Luther, T. Brahe, H. Schliemann, T.A. Edison, S. Freud, G.S. Patton, E. Rommel, etc.). The aim of this paper is to remind us of and also to enrich our knowledge about the specialization in which we are working everyday.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1997

Preservation of famous person knowledge in a patient with severe post anoxic amnesia.

A 58 year old patient (ES) suffered severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia following prolonged cardiac arrest with presumed hypoxic brain damage. Personally relevant autobiographical memory was severely impaired as was knowledge of public events. In contrast, knowledge of famous people was very well preserved. This findings has implications for the organisation of remote memory. Knowledge of people is clearly represented independently from autobiographical memory. We argue that this pattern of profound autobiographical amnesia may result from either multifocal neocortical damage (as in this case) or a failure of the "thematic framework" system involved in the active reconstruction of autobiographical memory, as hypothesised in another patient with thalamic infarction who showed a similar pattern of results (Hodges and McCarthy, 1993).

Amnesia↗
PubMed1991

Some famous persons with visual problems as shown on postage stamps.

A number of persons important in all fields of human endeavor became blind or were born blind. The reason for the loss of vision varies a great deal, but many of them continued a productive life and contributed to the welfare and advancement of mankind. It is also surprising how many famous people lost one eye or lost nearly all vision in one eye. These were not only soldiers and warriors exposed to accidental traumas, but also writers, scientists and even physicians.

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathography of 4 famous persons of the Spanish House of Habsburg].

By means of a biographic analysis from historic sources an attempt is made to illustrate the psychopathologically relevant substratum of the life-history of Joan the Mad, Charles V., Philipp II. and Don Carlos. According to the author, it seems that, apart from the psychoanalytical concept, the phenomenological, descriptive-analytical procedure ist particularly suitable for the presentation of the mental aspect in the historiography.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1998

A reversal of the temporal gradient for famous person knowledge in semantic dementia: implications for the neural organisation of long-term memory.

On tests of autobiographical memory, patients with semantic dementia demonstrate significantly better retrieval of episodic events from the recent past compared with the distant past. This reversal of the Ribot effect has been attributed to the relative sparing of the hippocampal complex in the disorder. Current computational models of long-term memory predict a similar time-dependent pattern of impairment on tests of remote semantic memory. Five patients with semantic dementia were tested on recognition (familiarity) and identification (knowledge) of famous names selected from four different time-periods: 1950's, 1980's, 1990-1993 (early 1990's) and 19941996 (current). As expected, it was found that one patient DM (who had focal left temporal lobe atrophy) showed no significant impairment on recognition of famous names, but was significantly better at producing information about people who were currently famous compared to people famous in the other three time-periods. The other four patients (who had bilateral temporal lobe damage) showed better recognition of famous names from the current time-period (and to a lesser extent the 1950's), yet were profoundly impaired on the identification component, producing very little information across all four time-periods. The results are discussed with respect to current views of the neural organisation of person-specific and general semantic memory.

Aphasia, Wernicke↗