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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

A study of caring for the elderly by the families and extended families within a Korean clan village.

PURPOSE: This ethnography is aimed at describing the care-giving practices of the nuclear family and relatives of the elderly within a clan village in relation to their socio-cultural context. Four basic notions of the study came from Leininger's culture care theory and the nurse-client negotiation model of Anderson. In order to understand the cultural system of caring, the following questions were explored: What caring behaviors are performed for the elderly person in a clan and how do these behavior relate to the various components of that particular culture? METHOD: Data for this study was gathered through twenty-one fieldwork expeditions between September 1994 and December 2002 using interviews and participant observation of 7 families drown from two extended families. Data was analyzed using the techniques of taxonomy, value, and proxemics analysis. FINDINGS: The socio-cultural context of caring for elderly people, their caring values, and four categories of caring were explored. Values of caring and every day life in the clan were hierarchical, reciprocal, and collective. The four categories of caring were: being with, empowering, keeping territory, and enhancing spirituality. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study can be used to understand culture-specific care and to provide culturally congruent care for the elderly in a clinical setting.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

The syndromes described by Kanner and Rett-Hagberg: overlap in an extended family.

An extended family is reported in which Rett-Hagberg syndrome, autism with mild ataxia and autism with profound mental retardation occurred separately in three female second-cousins. The authors suggest alternative explanations for the possible association between autism and Rett-Hagberg syndrome: that they may be closely related genetic disorders, or that they may constitute relatively homogeneous phenotypes with several possible aetiologies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Extended family studies for the identification of allogeneic stem cell transplant donors in Jewish and Arabic patients in Israel.

HLA-identified donors are the best source of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants, and are available in approximately 40% of cases. If no HLA-identical core family member is found, an extended family search may be performed. The aim of the study was to summarize the 10-year (1990-1999) experience of our tertiary care center with extended family donor search. During this period, 356 patients and 2659 of their family members were tissue-typed; 239 patients were Jewish (67%) and 117 were Arabic (33%). An HLA-identical core-family donor was identified for 168 patients (47%): 95 Jewish (40%) and 73 Arabic (62%) (p < 0.0001); 49 patients (14%) had more than one potential donor. An extended family search (grandmother/grandfather, aunts, uncles, etc.) was performed in 38 of the remaining families, which were found to be consanguineous: five Jewish and 33 Arabic. One HLA match was found in the Jewish families (20%) and 21 in the Arabic families (64%). The odds ratio for an Arabic patient to find a donor in the extended family search was 8.75, as opposed to a Jewish patient. Overall, HLA-matched donors were found by core and extended family search for 53% of the patients. The rate for Arabic patients was 80% and for Jewish patients, 40% (p < 0.001). This difference may be explained by the greater number of siblings and higher rate of consanguinity in the Arabic population. In conclusion, an extended family search for potential HLA-matched donors is worthwhile, especially in distinct ethnic populations with high consanguinity, such as Israeli Arabs.

Arabs↗
PubMed1980

The extended family encounter.

The extended family encounter is a planned, prolonged physician-family interaction that allows an in-depth approach to a challenging clinical problem. A protracted and intense interaction may be indicated when organic, emotional or family problems are unresponsive to usual methods of continuing and comprehensive care. It will often provide vital data, afford diagnostic insight, help crystallize the plan of management and enhance the relationship between the patient and his family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A better outlook for schizophrenics living in extended families.

Cases of schizophrenia and schizophreniform attacks living in extended families have been compared to cases with similar diagnoses in nuclear families. Both diagnostic groups living in extended families presented earlier: they had lower rates of withdrawal symptoms and higher rates of behavioural disturbances and subjective suffering. Inter-generational conflict was a significantly more common precipitating factor in patients living in extended families; this was therapeutically utilized to induce family support. Patients from extended families had a lower tendency to deteriorate into with drawn, affectively blunted residual states.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

HLA prediction model for extended family matches.

This article derives a probabilistic model for predicting HLA matches from a population of extended family members. (Extended family members are defined as either first cousins or blood-related aunts or uncles). The model uses family pedigree information and haplotype frequency data to estimate the likelihood of a match. Results are given for many ethnic groupings. A case study is also described. This technique is most applicable when all family members are of the same ethnic origin, which increases the likelihood of a match among a small number of family members, and the patient possesses a haplotype having a frequency exceeding 10%, within the patient's ethnic population. Under such conditions, an extended family search can frequently approximate the success rate of a single sibling search.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Rehabilitation of schizophrenics by the extended family.

Patterns of care by extended and nuclear families for their patients were studied in relation to 540 Arab schizophrenic outpatients in Qatar. The extended family differs from the nuclear family not only in its larger size but also in the greater emotional commitment of its members to each other's well being. The extended family is more tolerant of patients' minor behavioural abnormalities and temporary protective withdrawals. It is more helpful in the supervision of patients' medication and their social adjustment and leisure-time occupation. Being more traditionally oriented, the extended family helps patients to understand their illness experiences in terms of cultural belief systems once they lose the components that cannot be contained in these systems. Extended family members are less likely than nuclear family members to tax the patients' emotional resources and limited repertoire of social skills.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Guestworker migration, remittances and the extended family: evidence from Pakistan.

"The paper places migration in the context of the extended family. It models informal loans between migrant and extended family for financing the costs of international labor migration. To show repayments to extended family is important; we trace the effects of such loans on migrant savings and remittance to the immediate family. We employ a standard life-cycle approach, which predicts that the demand for extended family financing rises with migration costs and falls with pre-migration wealth. Remittance to the immediate family and savings retained abroad both fall with the pre-migration loan." These hypotheses are tested using data from a survey of return migrants to Pakistan carried out in 1986.

Asia↗
PubMed2000

The effect of extended family living on the mental health of three generations within two Asian communities.

BACKGROUND: A study by Shah & Sonuga-Barke (1995) identified a relationship between family structure and the mental health of Pakistani Muslim mothers and their children. Children in extended families fared better, but their mothers fared worse than their nuclear family counterparts. The present study replicates and extends this study by exploring the impact of nuclear and extended family living on the mental health of three generations (children, mothers and grandmothers) in British Hindu as well as Muslim communities. METHOD: 44 Muslim and 42 Hindu families participated in the study. The mental health of mothers and grandmothers and the behavioural problems of children (aged 5-11) were examined. Both mothers and grandmothers completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The children's behavioural adjustment was rated by their teachers using the Rutter Scale. Other relevant variables such as acculturation levels were also measured. RESULTS: Children and grandmothers were better adjusted in extended families than nuclear families. In contrast, mothers were better adjusted in nuclear families. This interaction between family type and generation was evident in both Muslim and Hindu families and did not appear to be mediated by other variables such as acculturation. Furthermore, mothers' and childrens' adjustment was significantly correlated with grandmothers', but not mothers', mental health in extended families (although not in nuclear families). DISCUSSION: These results provide further evidence for the link between family structure and mental health in Asian communities. They also challenge some of the assumptions about maternal mental health, its effects on child adjustment and its links to systems of social support. In extended families where social support was likely to be most available mothers were at greatest risk, while their children profited and this advantage seemed to be linked to the grandmaternal presence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

The effects of group therapy on bereaved extended family of children with cancer.

The impact of the death of a child from cancer and subsequent grief on the extended family members has not been documented. Additionally, the effect of a support group for these individuals has not been explored. Therefore, this one group pretest/post-test study sought to determine the effects of participation in a support group for bereaved extended family members whose child died from cancer. Extended family members completed the Emotions Profile Index before and after the group sessions. Descriptive data were collected from the cotherapists' process log and the participants' evaluation. No significant differences were found between pretest and post-test scores for any emotional state. However, the group process log showed significant clinical data related to the intensity of the grief experienced and ways of coping with the loss. The Bereaved Extended Family Group Evaluation demonstrated the usefulness of the group experience. Tentative conclusions support the value of such a group in providing a forum for the bereaved extended family to ventilate feelings of anger and sadness and find ways to cope with the future.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Consultation with the extended family. Primary process in clinical practice.

In this article, the authors have attempted to describe a method from their pattern of experiential family psychotherapy and to demonstrate its usefulness. Consultations with the extended family serve many purposes, but the one the authors highlight is the way they provide access to the unconscious components of the family. The extended family consultation interview is like an emotional hot tub that precipitates what the authors call a family group psychosis, an inherently therapeutic experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Emotional and behavioural problems in primary school children from nuclear and extended families in Korea.

The changes occurring within Korean society provide an opportunity for studying the influence of family structure on children's emotional and behavioural problems. Children aged 7-13 years from two Korean cities were assessed for emotional and behavioural problems in school by their teachers, using the Children's Behaviour Questionnaire. In Study 1, 326 children from extended families were compared with demographically matched nuclear family children in the same school classes. In Study 2, a further sample of 204 extended family children was compared with pair-matched nuclear family children, in order to replicate the findings. Children from Study 1 were followed up 2.5 years later. Children from extended families had lower behaviour problems scores and the prevalence of serious problems was lower in extended family children. These differences were most marked in relation to externalising behaviour problems and were stable over the studies and time. Grandparents in extended families may increase children's resiliency by providing sources of attachment, affection, and knowledge, as well as having indirect effects through their support of parents. Consistent with recent ideas about the cognitive bases for behaviour problems, it may be that rules for behaviour derived from traditional cultural beliefs and values are internalised by children from extended families and generalise to prevent behaviour problems in school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Extended family's and women's roles in safeguarding orphans' education in AIDS-afflicted rural Zimbabwe.

The extended family forms the basis for orphan care and education in sub-Saharan Africa. Initial absence followed by emergence of differentials in primary school enrollment between orphans and non-orphans have been attributed to the strength and subsequent HIV/AIDS-induced breakdown of extended family orphan care arrangements. Yet, few attempts have been made to describe how these arrangements are affected by HIV/AIDS or how they relate to observed patterns of childhood outcomes by sex and orphan status. We use a combination of quantitative and qualitative data to show that maternal orphans but not paternal or double orphans have lower primary school completion rates than non-orphans in rural Zimbabwe, and that these patterns reflect adaptations and gaps in extended family orphan care arrangements. Sustained high levels of primary school completion amongst paternal and double orphans--particularly for girls--result from increased residence in female-headed households and greater access to external resources. Low primary school completion amongst maternal orphans results from lack of support from fathers and stepmothers and ineligibility for welfare assistance due to residence in higher socio-economic status households. These effects are partially offset by increased assistance from maternal relatives. These findings indicate that programmes should assist maternal orphans and support women's efforts by reinforcing the roles of extended families and local communities, and by facilitating greater self-sufficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Orphan prevalence and extended family care in a peri-urban community in Zimbabwe.

An orphan enumeration survey was conducted in 570 households in and around Mutare, Zimbabwe in 1992; 18.3% (95% CI 15.1-21.5%) of households included orphans. 12.8% (95% CI 11.2-14.3%) of children under 15 years old had a father or mother who had died; 5% of orphans had lost both parents. Orphan prevalence was highest in a peri-urban rural area (17.2%) and lowest in a middle income medium density urban suburb (4.3%). Recent increases in parental deaths were noted; 50% of parental deaths since 1987 could be ascribed to AIDS. Orphan household heads were likely to be older and less well-educated than non-orphan household heads. The majority of orphaned children were being cared for satisfactorily within extended families, often under difficult circumstances. Caregiving by maternal relatives represents a departure from the traditional practice of caring for orphans within the paternal extended family and an adaptation of community-coping mechanisms. There was little evidence of discrimination or exploitation of orphaned children by extended family caregivers. The fact that community coping mechanisms are changing does not imply that extended family methods of caring are about to break down. However, the emergence of orphan households headed by siblings is an indication that the extended family is under stress. Emphasis needs to be placed upon supporting extended families by utilizing existing community-based organizations. Orphan support programmes may need to be established initially in high risk communities such as low-income urban areas and peri-urban rural areas.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1977

Endemic amebiasis in an extended family.

Two cousins from a large Spanish-American family were simultaneously diagnosed as having amebic liver abscesses. Survey of 183 extended-family members revealed that 45.7% of 162 had a positive amebiasis indirect hemagglutination test and 12.6% of 111 had cysts or trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica demonstrated in a single stool examination. A total of five family members had had liver abscesses; two deaths had occurred. In a random sample survey of the remainder of the community, only one person (0.3%) had a positive serologic test. Within the extended family, person-to-person appeared to be the predominant mode of transmission. Water supplies were not contaminated. Both community and extended family homes had the same source of water. Type and source of food supply were not correlated with infection and there was no evidence to implicate an infected food handler. Clustering of seropositivity occurred in homes without indoor toilets. Homes of the extended family were more crowded and significantly fewer of them had indoor toilets. Endemic foci of amebiasis continue to exist in the United States. Follow-up family and other close contacts of persons with amebiasis will frequently identify other cases.

Feces↗
PubMed2000

Mental health of elderly Asians in Britain: a comparison of Hindus from nuclear and extended families of differing cultural identities.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the psychological adjustment of grandmothers from nuclear and extended families within British Hindu communities, and to investigate the influence of cultural identity. DESIGN: Interviews were carried out with Hindu grandmothers, mothers and granddaughters living in both nuclear and extended families. SETTING: The sample was drawn from the total population of Asian Hindu girls aged between 13 and 17 years at four comprehensive schools in the London Borough of Redbridge. PARTICIPANTS++: The final sample consisted of 36 and 34 sets of individuals in extended and nuclear families, respectively. MEASURES: Questionnaire measures were obtained of the following variables: cultural integrity, traditionalism, religious participation, ethnic identity, anxiety, depression, self-esteem. RESULTS: Grandmothers were better adjusted in extended families than in nuclear families. This adjustment was in part mediated by the level of traditional belief within the family. Elders whose granddaughters had an exclusively 'Indian' or 'Hindu' ethnic identity were better adjusted than those whose granddaughters included a 'British' ethnic identity. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed findings from earlier studies that grandmothers in extended families were significantly better adjusted in comparison to those from nuclear families. Ethnic identity of the adolescent, independent of its salience and commitment to the adolescent, had a significant relationship to the grandmother's mental health.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1993

The extended family and support for people with AIDS in a rural population in south west Uganda: a safety net with holes?

It is commonly assumed that the extended family in Africa provides a safety net for individuals in times of need. This paper examines this assumption using data on the care of people with AIDS in a rural population in South West Uganda. Over a six month period data were collected by counsellors on the care given to 30 (17 women, 13 men) AIDS patients by their families. In 27 of the 30 cases there was evidence of limited care. Various reasons were given for this by the carers, including lack of food and money for medications and the carer's other family responsibilities. For 17 clients who died during the study period, records of seven cases show that other relatives were asked to help with care but refused on the grounds of poverty or other commitments. However, in all but one of these cases extended families did provide assistance for the funeral. The findings suggest that there is a need to question the assumption that the extended family, in the culture under study, is able to provide adequate support for AIDS patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗