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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Clinical characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity in males with exhibitionism.

BACKGROUND: This study was constructed to detail the demographic and phenomenological features of males with exhibitionism. METHOD: Male subjects with DSM-IV exhibitionism were administered a semistructured interview to elicit demographic data and information on the phenomenology, age at onset, and associated features of the disorder. Subjects also underwent structured clinical interviews to assess both Axis I and Axis II comorbidities. Data were collected from September 2003 to March 2005. RESULTS: Twenty-five males with exhibitionism (mean +/- SD age = 35.0 +/-13.1 years [range, 14-68 years]) were studied. The majority of subjects were single (60% [N = 15]) and heterosexual (80% [N = 20]). The mean +/- SD age at onset for exhibitionism was 23.4 +/-13.1 years. All subjects reported urges to expose themselves with little control over these urges. Exposing oneself while driving was the most common expression of the disorder. Twenty-three (92%) suffered from a current comorbid Axis I disorder (major depressive disorder, compulsive sexual behavior, and substance use disorders were most common), and 40% (N = 10) suffered from a personality disorder. Suicidal thoughts were common (52% [N = 13]), and many (36% [N = 9]) had been arrested for exhibitionism. CONCLUSION: Exhibitionism appears to be associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and impairment. Research is needed to optimize patient care for men with this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A case of familial exhibitionism in Tourette's syndrome successfully treated with haloperidol.

The authors describe a 32-year-old man with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome whose most severe symptom was exhibitionism. Treatment with low doses of haloperidol eliminated all exhibitionistic urges. This patient's oldest son has multiple tics and his nephew has Tourette's syndrome with mild exhibitionism. The major implications of this case are that 1) all patients with compulsive-type exhibitionism should be carefully questioned about symptoms of Tourette's syndrome and, if positive, be given a trial regimen of haloperidol; 2) some patients with compulsive exhibitionism and no symptoms of Tourette's syndrome have a genetic, neurochemical disorder and respond to haloperidol.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Contribution to the psychoanalytic theory of exhibitionism].

Exhibitionism can be regarded as a cultural, social and psychological phenomenon. It is given a view of the theories in the literature. Once exhibitionism is a normal human phenomen, otherwise it is pathological, par example also a neurotic symptom. The early psychoanalytic theories describe exhibitionism as a "Psychoneurose" as a result of "Odiopussituation", "Kastrationskomplex" and "Inzestwunsch". Psychodynamically this is not satisfying. With the development of psychoanalytic theory, especially the importance of the pregenital phases, changes the classification of perversions. In this article, exhibitionism-- as a neurotic symptom -- is defined as a "schizoide Perversion" (Riemann), which causes can be find in a preoral, intentional phase. Naturally the treatment must be adapted to it.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Experimental studies of the etiology of genital exhibitionism.

Several studies are reported which examine the critical stimuli and responses as well as personality factors important in genital exhibitionism. Using penile volume measurement, sex history questionnaires, personality tests, and behavioral observations, it was found that (1) exhibitionists responded most to mature females and were comparable to normals in reactions to children and men; (2) while exhibitionists indicated narcissistic desires in exposing, in a laboratory study they did not differ from controls in reactions to exposing with various reactions of the female, from sexual arousal and admiration to fear and anger; (3) the only strong features distinguishing exhibitionists from controls and other sexually anomalous subjects were peeping associated with orgasm and outdoor solitary masturbation; (4) exhibitionists seemed to be less assertive and less feminine than controls, but results were weak and inconsistent; (5) exhibitionists and controls did not differ in separation and divorce or marital satisfaction; (6) blood testosterone and penile reactivity of exhibitionists were within normal limits. Overall, the results suggest that most major theories of genital exhibitionism are wanting. It is suggested that narcissism and pedophilia be examined further in connection with exhibitionism.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Female exhibitionism.

Although genital exhibitionism has traditionally been almost exclusively associated with males, similar behavior may occur in certain women with a particular set of life circumstances and precipitants. A case report is presented of a woman whose emotional deprivation led to feelings of rejection and the inability to develop empathic relationships. Her self-esteem relied on success in her profession, and when she lost her position, she sought validation through exhibitionism. Despite the widely held view that genital exhibitionism producing arousal and stimulation in the subject occurs only in men, this case demonstrates that such phenomena may exist in women as well.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Genital exhibitionism in women.

Historically, genital exhibitionism has usually been regarded as an exclusively male phenomenon. The authors present a case study of a female exhibitionist which is at variance with that contention. They offer a formulation of the psychodymanics of female exhibitionism, focusing on its pregenital, attention-seeking purpose. The findings from this case justify a critical reexamination of the traditional definitions of exhibitionism.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Exhibitionism and low-dose trazodone treatment.

We describe the case of a 37-year-old man who had suffered from exhibitionism for 10 years. The strength of the patient's urges to act out decreased gradually with the commencement of low-dose trazodone treatment. During the 2 years of trazodone treatment, there was no acting out. The medicine was gradually decreased and eventually discontinued. The patient's impulse manifested only once, but is responded well to trazodone resumption. Thereafter, the patient has neither acted out nor had impulses, even without trazodone, for the following 2 years. This case suggests that trazodone can be useful in the treatment of exhibitionism and it can enhance the remitting process of exhibitionism in some patients. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1966

The use of hypnosis in the treatment of exhibitionism.

The use of hypnosis in the treatment of exhibitionism is described in three patients in whom the condition had been present for more than five years. In each patient there was no subsequent recurrence of the exhibitionism once therapeutic suggestions had been made in a deep hypnotic trance, the follow-up period being respectively five years, four and a half years, and one year.The method of treatment and the results are discussed in terms of the concepts of behaviour therapy.It is concluded that with certain patients suffering from exhibitionism the use of hypnosis may well be one of the best methods of treatment, but considerable care should be exercised to exclude those patients with an underlying psychosis, mental defect or psychopathic condition. It is also noted that the efficacy of the treatment would appear to depend on achieving a satisfactory depth of hypnotic trance. If this is not reached, the results are less likely to be successful.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Private exposure and covert sensitization in the treatment of exhibitionism.

The present report describes the treatment of a long standing exhibitionism case by covert sensitization and private exposure in front of his wife within an A-BC-B-BC-C single case experimental design. The therapeutic phase of the treatment lasted 10 weeks. Results show that the combination of covert sensitization and private exposure seems to be an interesting technique for married exhibitionists and their wives. Covert sensitization was used to eliminate deviant fantasies and private exposure seemed to have rendered exhibitionism socially acceptable. The various measures of subjective responses indicated that there were no exhibitionist activities during baseline and treatment nor during the year's follow-up, and the patient has been asymptomatic for more than 2 years, as confirmed by a recent follow-up visit. Controlled studies with larger groups of patients are now needed to prove the efficacy of this active, nonaversive and economical treatment for exhibitionists and their wives.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinico-pathogenetic characteristics of exhibitionism].

The author relates the results of ++clinico-psychopathological and sexological studies carried out in 61 men with the signs of exhibitionism. With the nosological qualification of the mental status of exhibitionists being diverse, the four uniform ++clinico-pathogenetic groups were distinguished: with the hypothalamic and temporal syndromes, ++non-processual autism syndromes, and schizophrenic defect. The involvement of biological factors in the genesis of pathological inclination is demonstrated to be of uncertain degree, depending on the classifying with the groups indicated. Heterogeneity dysontogenesis of the psychosexual development was discovered with the aid of sexological examination. At the same time the author proves the common character of the pathogenetic components of exhibitionism, lying in the unity of the constitutional basis for their individual characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The level of sex hormones in men with a sexual behavior disorder in the form of exhibitionism].

The paper is concerned with the results of radioimmunological studies reflecting the importance of the function of the hypothalamohypophyseal-gonadal system in 29 men with the signs of organic brain lesions, against whom criminal proceedings were instituted because of exhibitionism. Among the examinees the subgroups with the hypothalamic and temporal syndromes were distinguished. The data obtained were compared to those in 25 mentally normal men and 17 examinees with residual organic brain lesions without sexual behavior abnormalities. The data derived have demonstrated the impairment of the function of the indicated system in the test subjects, associated with sexual behavior impairment in the form of exhibitionism which may form the biological basis for distortion of sexual self-consciousness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Exhibitionism--a criticism of only biologically oriented interpretations of this sexual disorder].

Attempts at explaining exhibitionism as being a mere relic of an instinct which--characteristic of the earliest phylogenetic stages--reappears in a limited number of males, fail to recognize the nature of this sexual disorder which is so frequent in our civilization. Such an explanation not only remains vague and speculative but deserves criticism also for being incomplete. The organisation of exhibitionism is more complex than that. There is a striking resemblance to certain rituals of negative tropism. The motives of the delinquents originate in a deeply rooted disbelief in ever being recognized in their masculinity. Thus there are episodes when the genitals are practically utilized: After an humiliation for instance, the exposure of the genitals is employed to alleviate conflicts in connection with strong feelings of inferiority. By means of the phallic demonstration the person concerned attempts to regain his self-respect and to establish for himself the prestige of a normal of even superior male.

Arousal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Principles of the forensic psychiatric assessment of exhibitionism].

Incompetence of the existing approach to forensic psychiatric assessment of exhibitionism as well as the necessity for conducting the analysis of direct manifestations of perverse behaviour are shown. Dissimilar clinical manifestations of this kind of paraphilias are presented and its fixed, compulsive and impulsive variants are described. The necessity for singling out differential forensic psychiatric criteria depending on psychopathologic characteristics of exhibitionism is stressed.

Exhibitionism↗
PubMed1994

Leuprolide acetate for exhibitionism in Huntington's disease.

We treated a patient with Huntington's disease and exhibitionism using leuprolide acetate (Lupron Depot, TAP Pharmaceuticals), a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. The result was elimination of his deviant sexual behavior with few side effects. This regimen may be a safe and effective pharmacological treatment of the paraphilias. The occurrence of paraphilias in basal ganglia disorders is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Male adolescent sexual offenders: exhibitionism and obscene phone calls.

Clinical assessment of 19 male adolescent sexual offenders who had committed exhibitionism or telephone scatologia showed that the majority were maladjusted, had committed numerous sexual offenses and came from multi-problem families. Several of them appeared to be sexually deviant, although they did not meet DSM-III-R criteria for a diagnosis of paraphilia. Anti-social traits, sexual deviance in the family, homosexual conflicts, repressed sexuality and sexual deviance were considered to be contributory factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Behavioral treatment of zoophilic exhibitionism.

We describe here a case of zoophilic exhibitionism involving a mildly mentally retarded man who masturbated in front of large dogs of either sex. Unlike most exhibitionists, he did not expose himself to women, and unlike most zoophiles, he never desired direct sexual contact with animals. His paraphilia, however, was responsive to a behavioral program comprising masturbatory satiation, covert sensitization, and stimulus control procedures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Twenty-year behavioral follow-up of a 1;13 chromosomal translocation and Mobius syndrome presenting with poor impulse control, exhibitionism, and aggression.

Mobius syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by agenesis or aplasia of the facial or abducens nerve motor nuclei and other features including central nervous system and behavioral abnormalities. We report an adult case of Mobius syndrome variant presenting with poor impulse control, aggression, and exhibitionism. Karyotyping revealed a 46 XY, t(1;13)(p34.3;q12.3) translocation. The subject had been presented 20 years previously as the index case of a three-generation pedigree.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The treatment of men with a learning disability convicted of exhibitionism.

This paper reviews work on the treatment of men convicted of exhibitionism or indecent exposure. Recidivism is extremely high after treatments, with true figures on recidivism unavailable until 4 years after conviction. It is extremely difficult to control for treatment effects because of the ethical issues surrounding withholding of treatment, but cognitive techniques provide a promising treatment approach. The present study attempted to address all these issues for men with a learning disability. A cognitive treatment is presented and data are available for at least 5 years after conviction. An AB design was used and treatment effects were monitored carefully. Treatment dealt with the issues of accepting that the offense took place, taking responsibility for the offense, accepting the intention of the offending behavior, victim awareness, and behavior consistent with offending for four offenders. All the men responded to treatment, although one offender with only 1 year of probation responded less convincingly than others. Beliefs relating to indecent exposure being fun or not causing harm to women seemed most open to alteration. The beliefs in which the perpetrator thought that the victim shared responsibility for the offense and that women may take a long while to recover from such an incident, seemed the most difficult to alter. Individual characteristics of the case examples are discussed in terms of these general trends.

Adult↗