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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Dental assistant evaluation index: a technic to evaluate the work performance of Indian Health Service dental assistants.

1. The DAEI appears to be a useful instrument to evaluate dental assistant students in a reliable, uniform manner for the "core" dental assistant activities. 2. Calibration of the supervisors will be needed if the evaluation data are to be used on comparative bases from clinic to clinic or area to area. 3. Further study is needed to confirm the reliability and to establish the validity of the index. The current study should be considered an initial effort that should be continuously modified to maximize its usefulness. 4. Further study is needed to ascertain whether there is a real difference in the way dental auxiliaries view their job as compared to dentists. 5. Scores for dental assistants cannot be indiscriminately compared in a meaningful manner between auxiliaries at different locations. Even within a facility, caution should be applied before making conclusions based upon comparative scores. 6. The use of the DAEI for assessing the quality of the Dental Assistant Training Center was not adequately evaluated. The index may have this potential, but more study is required before it will be clear as to how the index might apply.

Arizona↗
PubMed2000

Comparative analysis of pharmacy services based on newly developed evaluation index.

This study was conducted to evaluate pharmacy services to patients or customers with prescriptions issued by large hospitals. The primary purpose of this study is to assess patients' perceptions and expectations of pharmacy services with a view to standardizing community pharmacies for better health care. Two groups of patients or pharmacy patrons were evaluated, i.e. those who utilized pharmacies adjacent to the hospitals (Group A) and those who utilized other community pharmacies (Group B). The survey consisted of 26 evaluation functions ranging from location to services. Based on these functions, patients were requested to use a scale of 1 to 5 to rate the pharmacy they are currently using ("Pharmacy Used Today") and their perception of an "Ideal Pharmacy". These evaluation functions were analyzed and classified into seven dimensions which formed the evaluation index used in this study. These are: (1) availability of over-the-counter drugs, (2) availability of special services such as delivery of medicines, acceptance of fax order, etc., (3) facilities, (4) convenient location, (5) attitude of pharmacy/pharmacist, (6) information management, and (7) convenient hours. In comparing the results of the study, it was revealed that both groups of patients/pharmacy patrons have common expectations or perceptions as to what is an "Ideal Pharmacy". The results also revealed that of the seven dimensions mentioned above, the three most important to patients/patrons are: attitude of pharmacy/pharmacist, convenient hours, and information management. In rating the "Pharmacy Used Today", Group A patrons gave lower ratings than Group B patrons in all dimensions except facilities. The variance between the "Pharmacy Used Today" and the "Ideal Pharmacy" is greater in Group A than in Group B. The results of this investigation indicate that the Group B patients/patrons have received greater amount of benefits of the "Bungyo" than Group A ones, although the fact is that most outpatients use pharmacies located adjacent to hospitals in order to obtain their medications.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Condom use history as a determinant of university students' condom evaluative index.

Researchers examined the mean sum scores of 15 semantic differential scales to specify the evaluative index assigned to the term condom by 173 undergraduate students at a large public university. Of interest was whether evaluative indices were different for men and women, and for condom ever-users versus never-users. There was no sex difference in semantic evaluation of condom. However, the mean sum score of persons with prior condom experience reflected a significantly more positive rating compared to persons who were never-users. Because use of condoms is associated with an evaluative index that is statistically more favorable, encouraging sexually active young adults to try condoms may promote consistency of use, and thereby reduce undesired pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Feasibility study of the retrospective use of the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation index (ACE-27) in patients with cancer of the head and neck who had radiotherapy.

The Adult Comorbidity Evaluation index (ACE-27) is a relatively new measure of comorbidity and the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of retrospective examination of casenotes to estimate this index in patients who were given radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. We examined the casenotes of 157 of 168 consecutive patients diagnosed with an index primary tumour of the head and neck at the Clatterbridge Centre of Oncology in 1992 and 1993. Three comorbidity measures, the ACE-27, Charlson comorbidity index (CL) and Washington University Head Neck Cancer Index (WUHNCI) were calculated. In the grading of the ACE-27, 5 patients (3%) were grade 3, 21 (13%) were grade 2, 57 (36%) were grade 1 and 74 (47%) were grade zero. There was a trend in survival by ACE-27 grading with little difference between mild and moderate severity (p=0.08). There were no significant correlations between survival and either the Charlson index (p=0.80) or the WUHNCI (p=0.68). There were no significant correlations of any of the indices or of clinico-demographic factors with recurrence rates.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Discussion on freshwater ecosystem service and its evaluation index system].

The importance of freshwater ecosystem and the connotation of ecosystem service were expounded in this paper, and the insufficiency in studies on freshwater ecosystem service was pointed out. Freshwater ecosystem service cannot be fulfilled without ecosystem health, yet there is a scarcity of synthetic studies integrating freshwater ecosystem service with ecosystem health, while these studies are necessary and important. Water resources should include water capacity, water quality, water energy, and aquatic organism. Based on the new meaning of water resources, the freshwater ecosystem service and its evaluation index system were discussed, and the evaluating methods were introduced briefly. The consideration and technical course of developing studies on freshwater ecosystem service in China were also discussed.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2006

[Study on evaluation index of acupoint transdermal administration--drug delivery coefficient].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of skin electric resistance changes with the blood drug content in acupoint transdermal administration, and to establish an new evaluation index for drug delivery efficiency through acupoints. METHODS: Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. In the observation group, aminophylline was administrated through "Feishu" (BL 13), "Geshu" (BL 17) and "Danzhong" (CV 17) which are commonly used for treatment of bronchial asthma, and the control group through sham-points on the back. The skin resistance and plasma aminophylline content were determined after application of aminophylline to the points, and their changes with time were observed. The ratio of Css/Rss at stability was defined as delivery coefficient (DC) which reflects the efficiency of delivering drug at acupoints and sham acupoints. RESULTS: Both the plasma aminophylline and the skin resistance value tended to steady about 6-8 h after application of aminophyiophylline. The DC in the acupoints was higher than that in the sham-acupoints (P < 0.01). And there was significant difference as DC of the "Feishu"was significant difference (BL 13) and "Danzhongas DC of the "Feish" (BLCV 17) compared with that of "Geshu" (BL 17) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The bigger the DC is, the higher the efficiency of drug delivery is; the efficiency of drug delivery through acupoints is higher than that through sham-acupoints.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed2006

Correlation between parameters of electrophysiological, histomorphometric and sciatic functional index evaluations after rat sciatic nerve repair.

The rat sciatic nerve is a well-established model for the study of recovery from peripheral nerve injuries. Traditional methods of assessing nerve regeneration after nerve injury and repair, such as electrophysiology and histomorphometry, despite widely used in neural regeneration experiments, do not necessarily correlate with return of motor and sensory functions. The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the possible correlation between several parameters of peripheral nerve regeneration after repair of sectioned sciatic nerve in Wistar rat. A two-stage approach was used to obtain 17 parameters after electrophysiological, morphometric and sciatic functional index evaluations. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed between these results. Only two positives correlations between different classes of peripheral nerve assessments were noted, between sciatic functional index and proximal nerve fiber diameter (r=0.56, p<0.01) and between sciatic functional index and distal fiber diameter (r=0.50, p<0.01). The data presented in our study demonstrates that there is a poor correlation between the sciatic functional index and outcome measures of electrophysiological and morphometric evaluations.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia in relation to body mass index: evaluation of a Brazilian population.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia in a Brazilian population in relation to body mass index. METHOD: Retrospective evaluation of 1213 adults (mean age: 45.2 +/- 12.8; 80.6% females) divided into groups according to body mass index [normal (18.5 - 24.4 kg/m2); overweight (25 - 29.9 kg/m2); grade 1 obesity (30 - 34.9 kg/m2); grade 2 obesity (35 - 39.9 kg/m2), and grade 3 obesity (> or = 40 kg/m2)]. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were analyzed in each group. The severity of cardiovascular risk was determined. High-risk patients were considered those reporting 2 or more of the following factors: systemic hypertension, HDL < or = 35 mg/dL, total cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dL, triglycerides > or = 200 mg/dL when HDL < or = 35 mg/dL, and glycemia > or = 126 mg/dL. Moderate-risk patients were those reporting 2 or more of the following factors: systemic hypertension, HDL < or = 45, triglycerides > or = 200 mg/dL, and total cholesterol > or = 200 mg/dL. RESULTS: The prevalence of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterol levels increased along with weight, but the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia did not. The odds ratio adjusted for gender and age, according to grade of obesity compared with patients with normal weight were respectively 5.9, 8.6, and 14.8 for systemic hypertension, 3.8, 5.8, and 9.2 for diabetes mellitus and 1.2, 1.3, and 2.6 for hypertriglyceridemia. We also verified that body mass index was positively related to cardiovascular high risk (P < .001) CONCLUSION: In our population, cardiovascular risk increased along with body mass index.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The use of indexes evaluating the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in epidemiological studies: a review.

The purpose of this paper is to review some of the methods that several epidemiological studies use to evaluate the adherence of a population to the Mediterranean diet pattern. Among these methods, diet indexes attempt to make a global evaluation of the quality of the diet based on a traditional Mediterranean reference pattern, described as a priori, general and qualitative. The Mediterranean diet indexes, hence, summarise the diet by means of a single score that results from a function of different components, such as food, food groups or a combination of foods and nutrients. The reviewed evaluation methods can be classified into three categories depending on the way they are calculated: (1) those based on a positive or negative scoring of the components, (2) those that add or substract standardised components, and (3) those that are based on a ratio between components. Dietary scores have been used to explore the multiple associations between the Mediterranean diet, as an integral entity, and health parameters such as life expectancy or the incidence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancers. Moreover, these indexes are also useful tools to measure food consumption trends and to identify the involved factors, as well as to develop comprehensive public health nutrition recommendations. A more precise and quantitative definition of the Mediterranean diet is required if the adherence to such a dietary pattern is intended to be more accurately measured. Other aspects of the Mediterranean diet indexes should also be taken into account, like the inclusion of typical Mediterranean foods such as nuts and fish and the validation of the dietary pattern approach by using biomarkers.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

[Dutch interview version of the Barthel Index evaluated in patients with spinal cord injuries].

OBJECTIVE: Clinimetric evaluation of a Dutch questionnaire version of the Barthel Index (BI). DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Eight Dutch rehabilitation centres. METHODS: Interviews with 318 spinal cord injured (SCI) patients living in the community, who were between 18 and 65 years of age at the time of the interview and who were admitted for the first time after injury to a specialized rehabilitation unit between 1986 and 1992. Validity, reliability and discriminant validity of the BI were determined. RESULTS: This Dutch questionnaire version of the BI had good reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.87; all item-total correlations > or = 0.30). In case of persons with a complete SCI a strong and statistically significant relationship was found between BI score and the level of the lesion (Spearman-Brown correlation: 0.69; p < 0.0001). Patients with more serious lesions had significantly higher BI scores than patients with less serious lesions. CONCLUSIONS: This Dutch questionnaire version of the BI was a sufficiently reliable and valid measure for assessing ability to cope in activities of daily living. Further research should be done on the test-retest reliability and responsiveness of this BI version.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1977

A fever index evaluation of chloramphenicol or clindamycin in patients with serious pelvic infections.

The fever index measured the responses of 102 women with serious pelvic infections who had received either chloramphenicol or clindamycin, in combination with other antibiotics. There was no statistical difference in the number of degree hours in the two populations. Patients with salpingo-oophoritis had significantly more fever than those with a septic abortion. Bacteremia did not delineate a group of women with a markedly elevated febrile response. Within the populaton with salpingo-oophoritis, neither black women nor women with an intrauterine device in place had significantly more fever, but patients requiring operation had more fever while those with an endocervical culture positive for the gonococcus at the time of admission had the most favorable clinical response. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed2002

[Tei index evaluated by M-mode echocardiography in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy].

OBJECTIVES: The Tei index obtained by the Doppler method is effective for analysis of global cardiac dysfunction. M-mode recordings of the aortic valve and mitral valve can also provide this index. METHODS: Forty-two patients with cardiomyopathy (idiopathic 15 and ischemic 27) with left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%, and 85 normal subjects were enrolled in the study. The M-mode Tei index (Tei-M) was obtained from the ejection time and closing period of the mitral valve in the same manner as the Tei index obtained by the Doppler method (Tei-D). RESULTS: The values of Tei-D and Tei-M were closely correlated (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001). Using index > or = 0.45 as the cut off value, patients with cardiomyopathy were identified with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 78% by Tei-D, and 67% and 73% by Tei-M, respectively. In patients with mitral B-bump on M-mode echogram (n = 10), there was no mitral inflow during B-bump. Thus, Tei-M was smaller than Tei-D in these patients. Using the new criteria of Tei-M > or = 0.45 and presence of B-bump, patients with cardiomyopathy were identified with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity 73% by Tei-M which were comparable with Tei-D. CONCLUSIONS: The Tei-M is a simple and effective index for the analysis of cardiac dysfunction in patients with cardiomyopathy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Effect typology" and work ability index: evaluating the success of health promotion in elder workforce.

Changes in work ability and work interest (meaning) after the participation in a health promotion program were perceived and evaluated. Drivers of the Munich Transport Authority (n = 122) of an average age of 50 years participated in 20 health days during working time over 1 year. The evaluation instruments of the health promotion program were the Work Ability Index (WAI) developed by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) and the Effect Typology developed by the Institute of Occupational Health Promotion (IBG Austria). No changes were found in the WAI score. The Effect Typology evaluated the optimal effect "evolution," i.e., psychological and noetic (mental) changes, for 50% of the participants. A variance analysis of the WAI pre-post differences according to the effect classes of the Effect Typology showed significant differences, namely an increase in the WAI in the evolution group and a drop in the recovery group. The Effect Typology is suitable for the evaluation of occupational health promotion and for the further understanding and development of the WAI.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

A new protein quality evaluation index based on growth responses of rats.

The protein efficiency ratio (PER) is the official method for protein quality evaluation in the United States and Canada. Two other widely used indices of evaluation are the slope ratio and net protein ratio (NPR) methods. Each of these methods has problems associated with its calculation and interpretation. In this paper, a new index, actual protein utilization ( APU ) is discussed, and its relationship to the other indices is examined. Each of the indices is given a theoretical basis by relating it to the four parameter mathematical model for physiological responses. To compare the indices, growth bioassays were carried out using male rats (40, 60, 115 g) consuming three different proteins (casein, lactalbumin and soy) and an amino acid mixture (Rogers and Harper). Dose-response curves were generated for each diet, and the indices PER, NPR, Slope and APU were calculated. APU was shown to have certain characteristics that make it superior to the other methods of protein quality evaluation, i.e., it closely approximates the growth response curve and it incorporates a term for the protein intake required for maintenance.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2006

[Advances of studies on relative evaluation indexes for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of senile dementia].

The clinical and mechanism studies of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of dementia from modern literature in recent 15 years are reviewed. In clinical studies, changes of scores for relative dementia scale and daily life scale, relative laboratory indexes, imaging indexes and physical diagnostic indexes after acupuncture are explored. In studies of mechanisms, dementia models are established with different methods and changes of various indexes were observed. Studies find that acupuncture and moxibustion can improve intelligence and social activity ability, increase therapeutic effect and have good effects on important indexes of dementia. However, the criteria for diagnosis, therapeutic effects, syndrome standardization, evaluation of long-term therapeutic effects and prognosis for dementia still need to be further studied.

Acupuncture↗
PubMed2006

Flow index evaluation of 3-D volume flow images: an in vivo and in vitro study.

Three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound imaging has improved evaluation of organ circulation and might contribute new information on maternal and fetal blood supply. Flow index (FI) of 3-D color images has been proposed as a measure of perfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the 3-D FI is a parameter of volume flow and flow velocity in a human vessel and in a flow phantom. A 1-cm-long strip of the uterine artery was recorded in 3-D power Doppler (3D-PD) mode in a cross-sectional study of 170 normal singleton pregnancies between 26 and 42 weeks' gestation. A fixed ultrasound system installation was used during the examination. The VOCAL software integrated in the ultrasound unit calculated vessel volume and FI. Reproducibility of the measurements was tested. The method was also tested on a commercially available flow phantom. Reproducibility measurements gave satisfactory results, both in terms of inter- and intraobserver variation. Unexpectedly, in normal pregnancy, the uterine artery FI decreased slightly with gestation. Uterine artery vessel volume increased, however, with gestational age. A poor correlation was found between the FI and both flow velocity and volume flow in the flow phantom. In conclusion, 3D-PD imaging can give impressive anatomical pictures of organ vascular tree. However, the new FI is poorly related to flow velocity or volume of flow.

Arteries↗
PubMed2004

[A discussion on basic content and evaluation index system of agroecosystem health].

Agroecosystem health is the fundament of food security and human health, and becoming one of the hot spots and frontier fields in agricultural ecology study with more and more international concerns, which can be interpreted as a sustainable state and a dynamic process involving good eco-environment, healthy agricultural organisms, rational spatial and temporal structure, clean production pattern, optimal biodiversity and high productivity. Agroecosystem is a kind of typical artificial and natural compound ecosystem. Its health is strongly influenced and controlled by human activities, and usually linked with agro-products quality, food security and biological security. A series of indices including biological, environmental and eco-economic indicators could be integrated to assess the situation and level of agroecosystem health, and some methods including comprehensive index assessment, eco-toxicological assessment and ecological risk assessment could be used for the evaluation of agroecosystem health.

Agriculture↗