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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Effect of nasogastric tubes on eustachian tube function.

The Eustachian tube acts as pressure equalizing tube between the nasopharynx and the middle ear. It also functions as a conduit for removal of secretions from the middle ear and mastoid air cell system into the post nasal space. Eustachian tube function may be assessed objectively using tympanometric measurements. (Brooks, 1968, Lutman, 1987). The post-operative use of nasogastric Ryles tubes is associated with reduced peak middle ear pressure (mmH2O) and reduced peak compliance volumes (ml) as assessed by tympanometry. In addition changes in the appearance of the tympanic membrane may occur with the protracted use of Ryles tubes. This phenomenon is a transient one. Nasogastric tube-induced Eustachian tube dysfunction is a previously unreported entity.

Aged↗

[Changes in the middle ear mucosa of the Wistar rat after experimental resection and obstruction of the eustachian tube].

Eustachian tube (ET) disfunction, alone or combined with other factors, is the main source of middle ear pathogenesis and can lead to other physiopathological events that originate disease (serous otitis media, adhesive otitis, cholesteatoma). In seven Wistar rats (study group), experimental mechanical obstruction of the left Eustachian tube was performed. Using an anterior cervical incision, the osteocartilaginous junction of the ET was severed and obliterated with a bit of muscle in order to prevent rechanneling. After a period of six months, the middle ear mucosa was removed for histological study. Comparisons were made of the experimental ear and the opposite ear, as well as the ears of three rats in the control group. We compared our findings with those of other authors and reviewed experimental animal models of serous otitis media and cholesteatoma that have been used to study the influence of ET in middle ear disease.

Animals↗

Eustachian tube function in children with tympanostomy tubes.

Eustachian tube (ET) function was evaluated in a group of 47 children with tympanostomy tubes who had previously documented persistent otitis media with effusion (OME). Tubal function was assessed using the inflation-deflation and forced-response tests. The study children were between the ages of 2 and 11 years. The passive ET function parameters of these children were within the limits of normal children with negative otologic histories. However, their active tubal function was radically different than normal children; none of them could equilibrate negative pressure, and only four could equilibrate positive pressure. During the forced-response test, further dilation of the ET lumen by swallowing was observed in only five of these 47 children. The findings of the present study suggest that this observed tubal dysfunction is secondary to a defect in the active function.

Child↗

Does the Silastic Eustachian Tube prosthesis improve eustachian tube function?

This clinical study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of Eustachian tube function in 30 ears, 11-29 months after insertion of the Silastic Eustachian tube prosthesis (SETP). Indications for the SETP were limited to persistent Eustachian tube dysfunction. Preoperatively, 13 patients had intact tympanic membranes with persistent serous otitis media. Seventeen patients underwent tympanoplasty and demonstrated persistent serous otitis media in the opposite ear. Postoperatively, aeration of the middle ear was evaluated by tympanometry, microscopic examination, and myringostomy. Microphotographs demonstrate the state of the middle ear. Histology of the middle ear mucosa was obtained in a few cases. Ninety-six percent of the ears with an SETP demonstrated confirmed persistent Eustachinan tube dysfunction beginning an average of six months after insertion. Complications were common.

Adult↗

Ligation of eustachian tube for intractable patulous eustachian tube: a preliminary report.

Pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube was ligated on ten patients, 15 ears with intractable patulous eustachian tube. While the eustachian tube orifice was observed by an endoscope inserted through the contralateral nostril, the orifice was ligated transnasally and/or transorally using instruments usually used in the endoscopic nasal surgery. Now 13-27 months after the surgery, the outcome was excellent (both symptoms and sonotubometry were normalized) in two ears, good (either symptoms or sonotubometry was improved) in seven ears, and unchanged in the remaining six ears. In one of the ears with an outcome of unchanged, the ligation was found to be spontaneously released soon after surgery, but the symptom was improved after the second operation 2.5 months after the first operation. Temporary otitis media with effusion was seen in one ear, mild inflammation around the ligated site also in one ear, but no other serious complication has been observed. Although further improvement in the surgical procedure and further discussion about its long-term outcome should be required, this procedure appeared to be one of the therapeutic options for intractable patulous eustachian tube.

Adult↗

Flexible endoscopy and radiologic evaluation of the eustachian tube in adults with eustachian tube dysfunction.

This study was conducted on 20 adult patients presenting with eustachian tube dysfunction of about 6 months' duration. It included endoscopy of the pharyngeal end of the eustachian tube and contrast radiologic study. Both methods are now available because of technical progress and practical improvements. By these methods, physiologic movements of the soft palate, tubal torus, and tubal orifice can be observed and studied and anatomic variations and pathologic abnormalities can be detected. This study shows that eustachian tube dysfunction may be caused by salpingitis (acute or chronic) or adenoid or nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Scleroma affecting the lumen of the eustachian tube was reported in one case.

Adult↗

Update on eustachian tube dysfunction and the patulous eustachian tube.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent knowledge on eustachian tube dysfunction and the patulous eustachian tube. RECENT FINDINGS: A clinically useful test for eustachian tube function is still lacking. Narrowing of the isthmus alone was demonstrated to be an insufficient cause of otitis media. Inflammatory mediators identified within the eustachian tube and middle ear cells were causally linked with otitis media with effusion. Increasing evidence was found that allergic disease and reflux may be two of the most important contributors of tubal inflammation causing otitis media with effusion. The adenoid size and proximity to the torus tubaris may also be important in considering which patients with persistent otitis media with effusion may benefit from adenoidectomy. Computed tomography scan has documented loss of soft tissue within the cartilaginous eustachian tube in patients with patulous eustachian tubes. An endoscopic approach to seal the tubal lumen has been found to be effective in relieving patulous symptoms. SUMMARY: These studies suggest that allergic rhinitis and gastroesophageal reflux should be investigated in patients with eustachian tube dysfunction. Adenoidectomy should also be considered in patients who have adenoids that obstruct the torus tubaris. Patients with a patulous eustachian tube may benefit from an endoscopic closure. Further research is needed to identify a clinically useful test for eustachian tube dysfunction.

Ear Diseases↗

Eustachian tube bypass: experimental evidence for total eustachian tube substitution.

Several preliminary reports have appeared in the medical literature in respect to eustachian tube substitution since Zollner first described his inability to open the obstructed eustachian tube. These procedures have the disadvantage that the distal end of the eustachian tube subsitute is inaccessible by other than another operation. This paper is follow-up report to our clinical experience. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether the middle ear was ventilated by the tympano-oropharyngeal substitute eustachian tube and whether ascending infection occurred. Fourteen ears underwent eustachian tube substitution. The natrual eustachian tubes of these ears were obliterated three to five months after eustachian tube substitution had been performed. The animals were killed three to four months after obliteration of the natural eustachian tubes. Studies of the decalcified sections showed an absence of infection in six of the ears, with mild to severe inflammation in the rest of the specimens.

Animals↗

Three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement study of human eustachian tube structures: a hypothesis of eustachian tube function.

Histologic sections from nine temporal bones with eustachian tubes (ETs) attached were analyzed with a computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction method to determine the curvature and tilt of the ET and the anatomic relationships between the medial lamina of the ET cartilage, the levator veli palatini muscle (LVPM), and Rosenmüller's fossa. It was found that the ET is convex superomedially and is tilted medially. The LVPM is located inferolateral to the inferior margin of the medial lamina of the anterior ET cartilage. The LVPM is inferior to the medial lamina of the posterior ET cartilage. These findings suggest that the LVPM opens the anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET by rotating the medial lamina with increased dimension of the muscle body when it contracts. Rosenmüller's fossa extends along the ET with rich lymphoid tissues as far as approximately one half the total length of the ET and very close to the skull base.

Adolescent↗

[Application of floating tube in dilation of eustachian tube under nasal endoscopy to treat post-irradiation secretory otitis media].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the function of eustachian tube in post-irradiation secretory otitis media and investigate the curative effect of dilating eustachian tube with Swan-Gans thermodilution catheter for treating post-irradiation secretory otitis media in NPC patients. METHOD: Twenty-one (37 ears) post-irradiation secretory otitis media patients with NPC were selected in this study, by using eustachian tube function synthetic inspection facility (JK-04A model), the eustachian tube function was examined, and the obstructive eustachian tube was dilated with Swan-Gans thermodilution catheter under nasal endoscopy. RESULT: The eustachian tube function in 37 ears with post-irradiation secretory otitis media reveals normal, obstructive, insufficiency and opening model was 2, 21, 8, and 6 respectively. The total curative effect of dilating eustachian tube with Swan-Gans thermodilution catheter to treat post-irradiation secretory otitis was 43.2% (16/37). CONCLUSION: The eustachian tube function in post-irradiation secretory otitis media mainly reveals obstructive disturbance. The application of Swan-Gans thermodilution catheter in dilation of obstructive eustachian tube under nasal endoscopy will increase the curability of post-irradiation secretory otitis media.

Adult↗

Patulous eustachian tube syndrome: the relationship with sensorineural hearing loss. Treatment by eustachian tube diathermy.

The patulous Eustachian tube syndrome has previously been regarded as a troublesome but benign condition. Nine out of 13 patients reported here had evidence of cochlear damage similar to that caused by acoustic trauma. These patients also had vestibular symptoms which improved with treatment of the patulous tube. It is postulated that abnormal patency of the Eustachian tube may allow excessive middle ear pressure changes to occur which may be transmitted by abnormal ossicular movement to the cochlea. Eustachian tube diathermy using a ureteric diathermy probe is a safe and effective method of treating this condition.

Adult↗

[Patulous eustachian tube].

Patulous eustachian tube is a pathological condition which exists more often than we make a diagnosis, and a patient is not often aware of his disease. This disease can be manifested with various symptoms: respiratory synchrony noises in the ear, because of the penetration of the air current through the eustachian tube and with the movement of the eardrum outwards and inside, with autophony, reduction of the hearing, the buzzing, dizziness and disturbance of the balance. Two patients are presented. The first one was sick for many years from various chronics exhausted diseases: Jackson's epilepsy, temporary vascular brain disturbances, tuberculosis of lung, stomach ulcer, heart diseases, the patient is from low class, on one side, and also suffers from some local diseases: a paralysis of soft palate and palatal arcs, a chronic catarrhal rhinitis and sinusitis, a deviation of nasal dividing wall and hindered breathing through the nose, on the other side. Many years the patient didn't know for patological condition in the ears and in the eustachian tubes. After improving the hygienic conditions, the physical condition and local therapy, the patient felt much better. The second patient, with considerable shorter evolution of the disease and mild symptomatology, showed the amplified symptoms of the disease of the Eustachian tube in the course of the acute otitis. It is attained a satisfying calming of the manifestative symptoms by remedy therapie. Man must thing about possibility of the appearance of this pathology condition in various disease or conditions, which can take to the fast lost of the weight and physical and moral exhaustion of the patient, i.e. an adult, first as the protection of the appearance of the disease (condition) and afterwards, eventually early and regulary treatment in order to prevent various possible, above mentioned complications.

Adult↗

Sonotubometric measurement of the eustachian tube function by means of band noise. A clinical view of the acoustic measurement of the eustachian tube.

The Eustachian tube is well known as an organ serving the ventilation and drainage of the tympanic cavity and mastoid. Ventilation is carried out by the opening and closing of the Eustachian tube accompanying swallowing movements. Until now there has been no instrument to quantify these motor activities of the tube necessary for its function as a ventilator. The author developed a generally applicable sonotubometer Model WIO-01 with the help of Siemens Hearing Institute K.K. for automatic measurement of the aforesaid tubal function with the use of 7 kHz full-octave band noise. In a sonotubometric trial with 32 adult female subjects, the duration of patency of the Eustachian tube was 288.5 +/- 1.38.5 ms, and the amplitude eliciting response was 16.4 +/- 8.3 dB. The positive response rate was 89.1%. In 89 children aged 4-12 years, a positive response was detected in 117 ears (61.9%). The mean duration of patency was 337.7 +/- 154.4 ms, and the amplitude 16.3 +/- 7.2 dB. It is physiological to have tubal opening and closing during natural swallowing. It is therefore important to understand the tubal function when dealing with tympanoplasty and diseases caused by tubal dysfunction.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

Nasogastric tube misplacement into Eustachian tube.

Paediatric nasogastric tube placement can occasionally be difficult to perform. A unique case in a child is described where the tip of the nasogastric tube managed to travel via the Eustachian tube through the attic and into the mastoid cavity of the middle ear. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this has never been reported in the literature before.

Ear Diseases↗

Scanning electron microscopic study on the distribution of epithelial cells in the Eustachian tube.

Canine Eustachian tube epithelium was examined by means of the scanning electron microscope. The part of the tube at the bone-cartilage junction was found to be the most active. It is here that goblet cells and large numbers of ciliated cells were found. Cilia were dense and covered by a mucus blanket. Near the tympanic end of the Eustachian tube, goblet cells were more numerous and ciliated cells less so. Near the pharyngeal end, goblet cells were numerous, while cilia were scanty and not uniform in length. Our findings support the concept that middle ear clearance is carried out by an active mucociliary mechanism as in other parts of the upper respiratory system.

Animals↗

Effects of nasal packing on eustachian tube function.

Eustachian tube function was assessed by tympanometry in 47 patients (94 ears) with anterior nasal packing placed after nasal surgery and in 12 patients (24 ears) requiring anterior and posterior packing for epistaxis. Twenty-four of the 94 ears (25.5%) in patients with anterior packing exhibited reductions in middle ear pressure (greater than or equal to --100 mm H2O), whereas 12 of 13 ears (92.3%) ipsilateral to and six of 11 ears (45.4%) contralateral to the posterior pack demonstrated comparable reductions in middle ear pressure. The observation that posterior packing is associated with a greater incidence of eustachian tube dysfunction than anterior packing suggests that the mechanism of this dysfunction may be related to stasis in the peritubal lymphatic plexus rather than to nasal obstruction per se.

Adolescent↗