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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

In vitro evaluation of macrophage viability after incubation in orange oil, eucalyptol, and chloroform.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of orange oil, eucalyptol, and chloroform in a cell culture assay by using peritoneal macrophages from Swiss mice. STUDY DESIGN: Control (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM] plus 1.25% ethyl alcohol) and experimental (orange oil, eucalyptol, and chloroform) groups were studied. Solvents used were tested at 0.025% and 0.050% concentrations in DMEM plus 1.25% ethyl alcohol. RESULTS: Orange oil, eucalyptol, and chloroform were all cytotoxic in comparison to the control group (P < .001). Orange oil showed the least cytotoxicity (P < .001). No significant differences were observed regarding cell viability when comparing the eucalyptol and chloroform groups (P < .05). There were significant differences in the cytotoxicity of eucalyptol and chloroform with an increase in concentration (P < .0001). Nevertheless, this difference was not significant in the orange oil group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Orange oil was less cytotoxic than eucalyptol and chloroform.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Eucalyptol, an essential oil, reduces contractile activity in rat cardiac muscle.

Eucalyptol is an essential oil that relaxes bronchial and vascular smooth muscle although its direct actions on isolated myocardium have not been reported. We investigated a putative negative inotropic effect of the oil on left ventricular papillary muscles from male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g, as well as its effects on isometric force, rate of force development, time parameters, post-rest potentiation, positive inotropic interventions produced by Ca2+ and isoproterenol, and on tetanic tension. The effects of 0.3 mM eucalyptol on myosin ATPase activity were also investigated. Eucalyptol (0.003 to 0.3 mM) reduced isometric tension, the rate of force development and time parameters. The oil reduced the force developed by steady-state contractions (50% at 0.3 mM) but did not alter sarcoplasmic reticulum function or post-rest contractions and produced a progressive increase in relative potentiation. Increased extracellular Ca2+ concentration (0.62 to 5 mM) and isoproterenol (20 nM) administration counteracted the negative inotropic effects of the oil. The activity of the contractile machinery evaluated by tetanic force development was reduced by 30 to 50% but myosin ATPase activity was not affected by eucalyptol (0.3 mM), supporting the idea of a reduction of sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx. The present results suggest that eucalyptol depresses force development, probably acting as a calcium channel blocker.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effects of eucalyptol on house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

The effects of eucalyptol were evaluated against the house fly, Musca domestica L., and blow fly, Chrysomya megacephala (F.). The bioassay of adults, using topical application, indicated that M. domestica males were more susceptible than females, with the LD50 being 118 and 177 microg/fly, respectively. A higher LD50 of C. megacephala was obtained; 197 microg/fly for males and 221 microg/fly for females. Living flies of both species yielded a shorter life span after being treated with eucalyptol. The bioassay of larvae, using the dipping method on the third instar, showed that M. domestica was more susceptible than C. megacephala, with their LC50 being 101 and 642 microg/microl, respectively. The emergence of adults, which had been treated with eucalyptol in larvae, decreased only in M. domestica. Having the volatile property, fumigation or impregnated paper test of eucalyptol or the efficacy of repellence or attractiveness merits further investigations to enhance bio-insecticidal efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Experiments on the biosynthesis of UDP-Glucuronyltransferase and UDP-Glucosyltransferase under the influence of eucalyptol (author's transl)].

To elucidate the reaction mechanism of the increased elimination rate of bilirubin in the blood of newborns under the influence of Eucalyptol, we performed a study on young mice. The following results were obtained: UDPGA-T activity is increased 33%, if measured with 4-MU as substrate after a single injection (i.p.) of Eucalyptol (0.3 mg/g body weight), with bilirubin as substrate the increase is 112%. UDPG-T activity increases 29%. The enhancement of enzyme activities can be inhibited by Actinomycin D (1 MUg/g body weight) 30% (bilirubin), 48% (4-MU) respectively in the case of UDPGA-T. Under cycloheximide (2 mug/g body weight) the increase of the activity of UDPGA-T is suppressed by 59% (bilirubin) or 99% (4-MU) as compared to the corresponding controls. No significant difference in the activity of UDPG-T by actinomycin or cycloheximide can be observed between the controls and the Eucalyptol-treated group. We conclude that the increase of enzyme activity of UDPGA-T is mainly due to enzyme induction, while in the case of UDPG-T activation of enzyme molecules might be the underlying mechanism. The effect of Eucalyptol on the bilirubin level in the blood of newborns is comparable to the effect of phenobarbital.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Halothane and eucalyptol as alternatives to chloroform for softening gutta-percha.

Because chloroform was identified as a potential carcinogen by the Food and Drug Administration, interest has been revived to identify an alternative solvent to soften gutta-percha for removal from obturated root canals. This study compared the effectiveness of halothane, eucalyptol, and chloroform in softening gutta-percha in simulated root canals. One milliliter of a solvent was placed into a small glass funnel whose stem was obturated with a 30-mm column of gutta-percha. After 30 s, softening was evaluated for each solvent by recording the time required to reach a depth of 10 mm by hand filing with a #100 Hedstrom file. The depth of penetration of a #40 finger plugger under constant weight for 15 min was also determined for each solvent. By using a one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe's test, all comparisons were not significant except for the depth of penetration with constant weight between chloroform and halothane (p less than 0.05). The results indicate that halothane and eucalyptol are suitable alternatives to chloroform as gutta-percha softening solvents.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Constituents of aromatic plants: eucalyptol.

The subacute toxicity studies reported up to now in rats and mice suggested that mice were less susceptible than rats to the toxicity of eucalyptol. In fact, after gavage, it was found toxic in male rats at doses higher than 600 mg/kg while no effect was seen in mice up to 1200 mg/kg. However, the limitations and the quality of the study do not allow the extrapolation of a 'no effect level'. Several reports in rat and brushtail possum show the formation of hydroxylated bicycled products of eucalyptol as main metabolites. Moreover, metabolites which require ring opening have been also detected. Following the accidental exposure of human beings, death was reported in two cases after ingestion of 3.5-5 ml of essential eucalyptus oil, but a number of recoveries have also been described for much higher amounts of oil.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Thauera linaloolentis sp. nov. and Thauera terpenica sp. nov., isolated on oxygen-containing monoterpenes (linalool, menthol, and eucalyptol) nitrate.

The monoterpenes menthol, linalool, and eucalyptol were recently used as sole electron donor and carbon source for the isolation of three denitrifying bacterial strains 21Mol, 47Lol, and 58Eu. The motile, mesophilic, Gram-negative rods had a strictly respiratory metabolism. Monoterpenes were completely mineralised to carbon dioxide, nitrate was reduced to dinitrogen. Strain 47Lol utilised aliphatic monoterpenes, strain 21Mol oxygenated monocyclic monoterpenes, and strain 58Eu the bicyclic eucalyptol and monocyclic monoterpene alkenes. The fatty acid composition of the strains indicated an allocation to the rRNA group III of pseudomonads. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed that the new isolates can be assigned as members of the genus Thauera within the beta subclass of Proteobacteria. DNA-DNA hybridisation studies indicated a relateness of 68.5% between strains 21Mol and 58Eu which shared 36.0% and 40.6% DNA similarity with strain 47Lol. The strains are described as new species belonging to the genus Thauera, strain 47Lol (DSM 12138T) as T. linaloolentis sp. nov. and strains 21Mol and 58Eu as T. terpenica sp. nov. with strain 58Eu (DSM 12139T) as type strain.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2004

Some ultrastructural superficial changes in house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae induced by eucalyptol oil.

The ultrastructural superficial changes in third instar house fly (Musca domestica) and blow fly (Chrysomya megacephala) induced by eucalyptol oil were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Dipped in 0.902 g/ml eucalyptol for 30 sec, the larvae integument of both species showed significant aberrant appearance of the body surface, particularly swelling integument, bleb formation, partial breach and deformation of spines.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), a monoterpene oxide attenuates the colonic damage in rats on acute TNBS-colitis.

The monoterpene oxide, 1,8-cineole (cineole, eucalyptol) was examined for its possible influence on the acute phase of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. The test compound, 1,8-cineole (200 and 400 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 ml, 2% Tween 80) was instilled rectally, 24, and 2 h before (pre-treatment) or 2 and 24 h after (post-treatment) the induction of colitis by intracolonic administration of TNBS (0.25 ml of 25 mg of TNBS in 50% ethanol). Rats were killed 48 h after colitis induction and colonic segments were analysed for gross damage scores, changes in wet weights, myeloperoxidase activity, an indicator of neutrophilic infiltration and glutathione level, a major cellular antioxidant. TNBS induced an extensive inflammation and ulceration in the colon. Colonic damage was associated with an increase in myeloperoxidase activity and by a decrease in glutathione. When compared to vehicle-treated TNBS controls, a marked reduction in gross damage scores and wet weights (mg/cm) of colonic segments were evident in animals pre-treated but not post-treated with 1,8-cineole. Cineole also significantly reduced the myeloperoxidase activity, and caused repletion of glutathione. These results confirm the anti-inflammatory action of 1,8-cineole and suggest its potential value as a dietary flavoring agent in the prevention of gastrointestinal inflammation and ulceration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Inhibitory activity of 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol) on cytokine production in cultured human lymphocytes and monocytes.

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic value of secretolytic agents in COPD and asthma is still disputed. For this reason, in a preclinical study we aimed to test the potential anti-inflammatory efficacy of 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol) in inhibiting polyclonal stimulated cytokine production by human unselected lymphocytes and LPS-stimulated monocytes. METHODS: Cytokine production was determined following 20 h of incubation cells with 1,8-cineol simultaneously with the stimuli in culture supernatants by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Therapeutic concentrations of 1,8-cineol (1.5 microg/ml=10(-5)M) inhibited significantly (n=13-19, p=0.0001) cytokine production in lymphocytes of TNF-alpha > IL-1beta> IL-4> IL-5 by 92, 84, 70, and 65%, respectively. Cytokine production in monocytes of TNF-alpha > IL-1beta> IL-6> IL-8 was also significantly (n=7-16, p<0.001) inhibited by 99, 84, 76, and 65%, respectively. In the presence of 1,8-cineol (0.15 microg/ml=10(-6)M) production of TNF-alpha>IL-1beta by monocytes and of IL-1beta> TNF-alpha by lymph-ocytes was significantly inhibited by 77, 61 and by 36, 16%, respectively. 1,8-cineol (10(-6)M) had a larger impact on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta-production in monocytes compared to lymphocytes (p<0.03) and similar effects (p>0.59) at therapeutically relevant concentrations of 1,8-Cineol (10(-5)M). CONCLUSION: These results characterize 1,8-cineol as strong inhibitor of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and suggest smaller effects on chemotactic cytokines. This is increasing evidence for the role of 1,8-cineol to control airway mucus hypersecretion by cytokine inhibition, suggesting long-term treatment to reduce exacerbations in asthma, sinusitis and COPD.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2002

Extraction of thymol, eucalyptol, menthol, and camphor residues from honey and beeswax. Determination by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.

A gas chromatographic method to determine thymol, eucalyptol (cineole), menthol and camphor residues in honey and beeswax is proposed. To isolate the compounds, three methods involving liquid-liquid extraction with methylene chloride, distillation, or solid-phase extraction on octadecylsilica cartridges can be used. The GC separation is carried out on a 60 m x 0.53 mm Stabilwax DA capillary column, using a flame ionization detector. The method is applied to the analysis of natural honey and also honey and beeswax samples from beehives treated with the above compounds.

Camphor↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of apical seal: chloroform versus eucalyptol-dipped gutta-percha obturation.

Three groups of extracted teeth were obturated using gutta-percha and lateral condensation. In one group the gutta-percha was dipped in chloroform before condensation. In a second a eucalyptol dip was used. No dip was used in the third group. A dye penetration study was done to compare leakage among the three groups. The teeth were cleared for viewing and measurements of dye penetration were made using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance of the results showed no significant difference among test groups at the 0.05 level.

Chloroform↗
PubMed1997

Effectiveness of eucalyptol and d-limonene as gutta-percha solvents.

Eucalyptol and d-limonene were evaluated for their ability to serve as a substitute solvent for chloroform. The amount of time required to soften and remove the gutta-percha in 72 instrumented and filled simulated root canals in epoxy blocks was measured. After preparation to the apices of the block canals with a #60 file, four different filling techniques were used. These obturations were softened with each solvent and then removed, first using a #15 Hedstrom file inserted to full working length, and then removing the remaining filling mass with a #60 reamer. The two instrument placements were timed: one for the Hedstrom file insertion to the apex and the other for the reamer to remove the filling material. Neither the different solvents nor the filling techniques had a significant effect on the times required for the H-files to reach the apex. However, the times for the reamer to remove the filling materials were effected both by the filling techniques and the solvents used.

Chloroform↗
PubMed2003

Anti-inflammatory activity of 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Airway hypersecretion is mediated by increased release of inflammatory mediators and can be improved by inhibition of mediator production. We have recently reported that 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) which is known as the major monoterpene of eucalyptus oil suppressed arachidonic acid metabolism and cytokine production in human monocytes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of 1.8-cineol by determining its prednisolone equivalent potency in patients with severe asthma. Thirty-two patients with steroid-dependent bronchial asthma were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. After determining the effective oral steroid dosage during a 2 month run-in phase, subjects were randomly allocated to receive either 200 mg 1.8-cineol t. i.d. or placebo in small gut soluble capsules for 12 weeks. Oral glucocorticosteroids were reduced by 2.5 mg increments every 3 weeks. The primary end point of this investigation was to establish the oral glucocorticosteroid-sparing capacity of 1.8-cineol in severe asthma. Reductions in daily prednisolone dosage of 36% with active treatment (range 2.5-10 mg, mean: 3.75 mg) vs. a decrease of only 7% (2.5-5 mg, mean: 0.91 mg) in the placebo group (P = 0.006) were tolerated. Twelve of 16 cineol vs. four out of 16 placebo patients achieved a reduction of oral steroids (P = 0.012). Long-term systemic therapy with 1.8-cineol has asignificant steroid-saving effect in steroid-depending asthma. This is the first evidence suggesting an anti-inflammatory activity of the monoterpene 1.8-cineol in asthma and a new rational for its use as mucolytic agent in upper and lower airway diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Determination of eucalyptole in eucalyptus oil by gas chromatography].

This paper reports the determination of eucalyptole in eucalyptus oil by gas chromatography. The results were similar to the specifications in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive and requires only small amount of samples. The coefficient of variation is less than or equal to 0.52%.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1998

Inhibition of cytokine production and arachidonic acid metabolism by eucalyptol (1.8-cineole) in human blood monocytes in vitro.

Cineole (eucalyptol) is the isolated active agent of eucalyptus oil. Traditionally, it is recommended for treating the symptoms of airway diseases exacerbated by infection. We have examined the inhibitory effect of 1.8-cineole on LPS-and IL1beta-stimulated mediator production by human monocytes in vitro. For the first time, we report on a dose-dependent and highly significant inhibition of production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, leukotriene B4 and thromboxane B2 by 1.8-cineole. In summary, this is the first report on a new mechanism of action of monoterpenes suggesting 1.8-cineole as a strong inhibitor of cytokines that might be suitable for longterm treatment of airway inflammation in bronchial asthma and other steroid-sensitive disorders.

Adult↗