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Results for “Equipment Design”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Teaching principles of behavior and equipment design for handling livestock.

A course is described in which students are taught principles of livestock behavior and how an understanding of behavior can facilitate handling. Some of the principles that are covered in the course are livestock senses, flight zone, herd behavior during handling, and methods to reduce stress during handling. To teach problem solving and original thinking, the students design three different types of handling facilities. Design of restraint equipment and humane slaughter procedures are also covered. Both existing systems and ideas for future systems are discussed. Students are provided with information from both scientific studies and practical experience.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1998

Equipment design for breeding flocks.

Breeding stocks require specialized equipment and facilities that accommodate both sexes and their mating behaviors. Divergence in male and female requirements has occurred due to genetic selection, particularly in heavy meat stocks. Proper equipment design requires specific knowledge about the nutritional requirements, genetics, and behavior of the particular stock within the environment intended. Attention must be paid to the relationship between the rearing and breeding environments, because preferences and behavioral patterns develop at an early age. The "correct" breeding environment is highly dependent upon the growing environment. There is evidence that some undesirable behaviors and poor fertility may arise from inadequate rearing nutrition and that nutrition can influence the development of certain behaviors.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2002

Normal accidents: human error and medical equipment design.

High-risk systems, which are typical of our technologically complex era, include not just nuclear power plants but also hospitals, anesthesia systems, and the practice of medicine and perfusion. In high-risk systems, no matter how effective safety devices are, some types of accidents are inevitable because the system's complexity leads to multiple and unexpected interactions. It is important for healthcare providers to apply a risk assessment and management process to decisions involving new equipment and procedures or staffing matters in order to minimize the residual risks of latent errors, which are amenable to correction because of the large window of opportunity for their detection. This article provides an introduction to basic risk management and error theory principles and examines ways in which they can be applied to reduce and mitigate the inevitable human errors that accompany high-risk systems. The article also discusses "human factor engineering" (HFE), the process which is used to design equipment/ human interfaces in order to mitigate design errors. The HFE process involves interaction between designers and endusers to produce a series of continuous refinements that are incorporated into the final product. The article also examines common design problems encountered in the operating room that may predispose operators to commit errors resulting in harm to the patient. While recognizing that errors and accidents are unavoidable, organizations that function within a high-risk system must adopt a "safety culture" that anticipates problems and acts aggressively through an anonymous, "blameless" reporting mechanism to resolve them. We must continuously examine and improve the design of equipment and procedures, personnel, supplies and materials, and the environment in which we work to reduce error and minimize its effects. Healthcare providers must take a leading role in the day-to-day management of the "Perioperative System" and be a role model in promoting a culture of safety in their organizations.

Accidents↗
PubMed2005

Football equipment design affects face mask removal efficiency.

BACKGROUND: Researchers have investigated the performance of face mask removal tools for spine injury management in football but not the effects of football equipment design. HYPOTHESES: Various styles or designs of football helmet equipment (helmets, face masks, loop straps) affect face mask removal efficiency. A cordless screwdriver performs more efficiently than do cutting tools. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Nineteen certified athletic trainers were randomly assigned to group 1 (cordless screwdriver and the FM Extractor) or group 2 (cordless screwdriver and the Trainer's Angel). Subjects randomly performed face mask removal for 6 conditions composed of helmet (3), face mask (3), and loop strap (5) combinations. Time, head movement, perceived difficulty, and success rates were measured. RESULTS: Multiple significant differences were found in time, movement, and perceived difficulty between the 6 helmet equipment conditions. The Shockblocker loop strap was consistently superior in all variables regardless of the tool used or the helmet it was attached to. The cordless screwdriver created less movement (mean range from any one plane, 2.8 degrees -13.3 degrees ), was faster (mean range, 42.1-68.8 seconds), and was less difficult (mean rating of perceived exertion range, 1.4-2.9) compared to cutting tools (ranges, 4.4 degrees -18.4 degrees in any one plane, 71-174 seconds, rating of perceived exertion, 2.8-7.7). Trial failure was more common with cutting tools than with the screwdriver. CONCLUSION: Differences in football helmet equipment affect face mask removal. The cordless screwdriver is more efficient than the FM Extractor and Trainer's Angel. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Professionals responsible for the care of football athletes must be knowledgeable in the types of equipment used and the best option available for effective airway access.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Paediatric caudal extradural catheterisation: an evaluation of a purpose designed equipment set.

Using a purpose designed set of equipment, the Caudal Extradural Catheter Tray, Oxford Set (B Braun Medical Ltd, Sheffield, UK) we have evaluated the ease of cannulation of the caudal space, and the subsequent success in threading extradural catheters and obtaining satisfactory analgesia via the caudal route. The set was evaluated in 91 children (age range: 1 day to 10 years). Cannulation of the caudal space was achieved in all patients, and catheterisation of the extradural space was successful in 96.7% of patients. Postoperative analgesia was satisfactory in 95% of children who had continuous extradural analgesia. There were no major complications or neurological sequelae associated with using the set. We found the Caudal Extradural Catheter Tray provides the necessary equipment to perform extradural anaesthesia and analgesia safely and successfully in children of a wide age range.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1997

An experimental high energy therapeutic ultrasound equipment: design and characterisation.

High energy ultrasound equipment for well controlled experimental work on extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and hyperthermia has been built. The design of two sets of equipment with operating frequencies of 0.5 and 1.6 MHz, respectively, is described and characterised in terms of measured generated pressure fields. The treatment heads consist of six or seven focused ultrasound transducers. The transducers have a diameter of 50 mm each and are mounted in a hemispherical Plexiglass fixture with a geometrical focus 100 mm from the transducer surfaces. Measurements were performed in a water bath in several planes perpendicular to the central axis of the ultrasound beam, using a miniature hydrophone which was positioned with a computer controlled stepping motor system. Resulting diagram plots show well defined pressure foci, located at the geometrical foci of the transducer units.

Equipment Design↗