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Results for “Ephedra sinica”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Studies on fingerprint spectrum of Ephedra sinica from Gansu province].

OBJECTIVE: To set up the fingerprint spectrum of Ephedra sinica from Gansu province and its extract for controlling the quality. METHODS: HPLC with UV detector was used to analyze the patterns of Ephedra sinica from Gansu province. RESULTS: The fingerprint spectrum of Ephedra sinica from Gansu province was set up. Furthermore, the fingerprint spectrum showed an excellent correlation, and all the parameters of the main co-peaks met the requirements for State Drug Administration's technical regulations on the herb. CONCLUSION: The studies are useful for the quality control of Ephedra sinica from Gansu province.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1999

[Experimental research of Ephedra sinica's influence on lipid metabolism of lipocyte].

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of Ephedra sinica on the lipid metabolism of lipocyte. METHOD: The rat's epididymal lipocytes were used to observe the effect of Ephedra sinica in lipogenesis from 14C-glucose and lipolysis promoted by norepinephrine (NE). RESULT: Ephedra sinica can promote lipogenesis from glucose, which is related with the pH value of matrix solution; and it also can inhibit the lipolysis promoted by NE. CONCLUSION: Ephedra sinica can promote the lipogenesis of lipocyte that is not induced by ephedrine, the mechanism being similar to that of insulin.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2006

[Study on the preparation and quality standard of Ephedra sinica dispensing granules].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the preparation process and to set up the quality standard of Ephedra sinica Dispensing Granules. METHODS: Nine experiments were carried out by L9 (3(4)) orthogonal design. Ephedra sinica Dispensing Granules was identified by TLC and the content of ephedrine was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The optimal extraction process was as follows: the water that 10 times of Ephedra sinica, was decocted 3 times and each time was sustained for 1.5 hours. The linear relationship of ephedrine hydrochloride was at the range of 0.0081 - 0.1377 microg (r = 0.999 9). The average recovery was 100.25% ( RSD = 2.24%, n = 6). CONCLUSION: The extraction process is scientific. The method is available with a good reproducibility and can control the quality of Ephedra sinica Dispensing Granules.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1997

[Accumulative trends of ephedrine and pesudoephedrine in Ephedra sinica].

In Yi Kezhao Alliance, the content of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in Ephedra sinica is in a ratio of four to six. The total content of ephedine and pseudoephedrine form cultivated Ephedra sinica is higher than that of wild one, and in direct ratio with the years of plant. For the content enhance of total alkaloids, decreasing irrigation and applying middlingly fertilizer is more effective measure.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1998

Ephedrine pharmacokinetics after the ingestion of nutritional supplements containing Ephedra sinica (ma huang).

Nutritional supplements containing Ephedra sinica (ma huang), a botanical source of ephedrine alkaloids, have been linked to several episodes of ephedrine toxicity and at least 17 deaths, yet these products remain unregulated. Ten subjects were enrolled in a randomized, crossover study aimed at characterizing the pharmacokinetics of ephedrine after the ingestion of three commercially available ma huang products compared with a 25-mg ephedrine capsule. Pharmacokinetic parameters for botanical ephedrine were similar to those for synthetic ephedrine hydrochloride. Gender-based comparisons of Vss/F and CL/F revealed higher values for women than for men (Vss/F, 3.49 +/- 1.04 vs 2.98 +/- 0.73 l/kg; CL/F, 0.48 +/- 0.11 vs 0.37 +/- 0.11 l/hour x kg). The current study suggests that the increased incidence of ma huang toxicity does not stem from differences in the absorption of botanical ephedrine compared with synthetic ephedrine; rather, it results from accidental overdose often prompted by exaggerated off-label claims and a belief that "natural" medicinal agents are inherently safe.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Character of emergence for the seeds of Ephedra sinica].

The experimental results on the germinating of Ephedra sinica seeds and sowing show: the seeds of E. sinica are not sensitive to illumination, but very sensitive to humidity; the effects of soil, the depth of sowing and irrigation on emergence are very notable, but not remarkable to covering which can be used to prevent measure.

Ephedra sinica↗
PubMed1998

[Seeds collecting of Ephedra sinica and treatment before sown].

Seeds collecting of Ephedra sinica and treatment before sown were studied. These results indicated that time collecting seeds and treating such as threshing, washing, drying, storing at low temperature and immersing seeds with chemical were available measures. Which could supply a reference for the culture of E. sinica.

Desiccation↗
PubMed1992

[Volatile oil in Ephedra sinica Stapf. and its processed products by GC-MS].

This paper deals with the changes in contents and chemical composition in the volatile oil of Ephedra sinica before and after processing. The results indicate that after processing, the more the substances of low boiling point, the higher their contents and vice versa. The changes are particularly obvious in yellow-fried Ephedra sinica.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1998

Ephedrine-type alkaloid content of nutritional supplements containing Ephedra sinica (Ma-huang) as determined by high performance liquid chromatography.

Nutritional supplements containing Ephedra sinica (ma-huang), a botanical source of ephedrine-type alkaloids, have been linked to numerous episodes of ephedrine (EPH) toxicity. With passage of the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, nutritional supplements are no longer subject to the same FDA preapproval requirements as food additives, prescription, or nonprescription medications. As a consequence, EPH content is not a label requirement for Ephedra-containing supplements. Less stringent labeling requirements, therefore, may contribute to toxicity associated with these products. A validated HPLC method for the determination of ephedrine-type alkaloids, commonly found in Ephedra supplements, is presented. Nine commercially available supplements exhibited considerable variability in alkaloid content (EPH range: 1.08-13.54 mg). Only three products listed EPH content on the label while one exhibited lot to lot variations in EPH of 137%.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2003

Antiinvasive, antiangiogenic and antitumour activity of Ephedra sinica extract.

A water fraction (EW), the remaining water phase from the methanol extract of Ephedra sinica after extraction with ethyl acetate and butanol, has been investigated for its antiangiogenic, antiinvasive and antitumour activities. It was observed that EW, at 30 micro g/mL, a non-cytotoxic concentration, inhibited the tube formation induced by human umbilical venous endothelial cells and the invasion of B16F10 melanoma cells through a matrix membrane by more than 90%. At 30 mg/kg/day, the inhibitory activity of EW on the growth of a tumour mass in BDF1 mice inoculated with B16-F10 murine melanoma cells was comparable to that of adriamycin (ADR) administered at 2 mg/kg/day. From these results, it could be postulated that the antitumour activity of the water fraction might be attributed to its antiangiogenic and antiinvasive activities.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2004

Steam distillation-solid-phase microextraction for the detection of Ephedra sinica in herbal preparations.

A new method involving concurrent solid-phase microextraction combined with continuous hydrodistillation of essential oil was developed. This new methodology allowed for the detection by GC-MS of very small amounts of a diagnostic peak for the authentication of Ephedra sinica, in a short period of time and using only small sample sizes. This diagnostic peak was identified as 4-vinylanisole, and elucidated from the chromatographic profile allowed for the identification of a sample as E. sinica among other species investigated in this study. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on using continuous solid-phase microextraction coupled to hydrodistillation for the investigation of essential oil components, and the first report of 4-vinylanisole as a marker compound for E. sinica. A total of 46 collections representing 21 species of Ephedra were studied.

Automation↗
PubMed2006

Anti-arthritic effects of Ephedra sinica STAPF herb-acupuncture: inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and adjuvant-induced polyarthritis.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of water distillates of Ephedra sinica STAPF (ES), in herb-acupuncture, on the inflammatory responses of arthritis was investigated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human macrophage and adjuvant-induced arthritic rat. The luciferase reporter vectors driven by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 promoters were transiently transfected into U937 cells, which were then differentiated and stimulated by PMA and LPS, respectively, to develop an in vitro anti-inflammation assay system. The luciferase activities, observed in the activated U937 cells, were significantly inhibited by ES herb-acupuncture, compared to those of PD98509 and berberine. To evaluate ES herb-acupuncture as a novel anti-arthritic therapy, a polyarthritic rat model was developed using heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 50 mul of ES distillate was subcutaneously injected into the ST36 acupoint on each knee joint. While the articular indexes of arthritic rats were evidently decreased by ES herb-acupuncture, their body weights did not regain their initial levels. This may be due to the accelerating effects of ES on weight-loss and fat consumption. The mRNA expressions of TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 genes, which were closely stimulated in the arthritic rat joints, were found to be restored to the normal levels through the ES treatment. In the case of IL-1beta, the recovery was not significant but substantial. The anti-arthritic effect of ES herb-acupuncture was not found in the ES-treated/non-acupoint group. In conclusion, the ES herb-acupuncture into the ST36 acupoint was found to be effective in alleviating the inflammatory response and thus arthritic symptoms in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed2001

[The false positive reaction of the Triage panel drug-of-abuse by herbal drugs ma-huang (Ephedra sinica (Ephedraceae))].

We investigated false-positive reactions obtained from a drug screening test using a Triage panel. We detected 2 cases giving false-positive reaction for AMP (amphetamine, methamphetamine) during the screening of 187 normal subjects. Subsequent follow up testing by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), showed both to be false-positive reactions. As both cases have a history of ingesting the herbal drug, Ma-huang (Ephedra sinica (Ephedraceae)), containing ephedrine, we examined the relationship between false-positive reactions on Triage and Ma-huang. All urine samples collected from 7 healthy volunteers following administration of Ma-huang indicated AMP positive on Triage. Also a high ratio of AMP positives was observed in the patients who were administered Ma-huang-containing drugs at the hospital. However, none of them were identified as true-positives by HPLC or gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The extract of Ma-huang contained in herbal drugs, which otherwise contain neither amphetamine nor its derivatives, gives (AMP) positive indications on Triage. We speculate that unidentified components of Ma-huang cause the false-positive reactions. We suggest that follow-up tests by GC/MS or HPLC are needed wherever a positive result is obtained from a screening test by Triage. Furthermore, it will be established to continue collecting information on prescribed and non-prescribed drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[GC-MS analysis of constituents of essential oils from stems of Ephedra sinica Stapf, E. intermedia Schrenk et C.A. Mey. and E. equisetina Bge].

The essential oils from the dried stems of Ephedra sinica, E. intermedia and E. equisetina were analyzed by GC-MS qualitatively and GC quantitatively. One hundred and twenty-seven constituents were identified, l-alpha-terpineol (31.64%) in E. sinica, 1,4-cineole (12.80%) in E. intermedia and hexadecanoic acid (26.22%) in E. equisetina being the main constituents.

Cycadopsida↗
PubMed2001

Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedra sinica Stapf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A simple, sensitive, and reliable method using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) is developed for the simultaneous determination of ephedrine alkaloids and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in Ephedra sinica Stapf. The sample is extracted with ethyl ether and submitted to GC-MS for identification and quantitation without derivatization. The column used for GC is an HP-5 (30.0 m x 250 microm x 0.25 microm, 5% phenyl methyl siloxane), and the carrier gas is helium. The detection limits for ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and TMP are 0.4 ng 0.7 ng, and 0.02 ng (signal-to-noise ratio of 3), respectively. The reproducibility of the total procedure is proved to be acceptable (RSD < 2%), and the recoveries are above 93%.

Ephedrine↗
PubMed2006

[Study on the proportion & mechanism of reliving asthma of drug partnership comprising herbal Ephedrae sinica & Pheretima aspergilum].

OBJECTIVE: To study the proportion and mechanism of relieving asthma of drug partnership comprising herbal Ephedrae & Pheretima. METHOD: To study relaxant effect on 10 micromol x L(-1) carbachol (CCh) and 10 micromol x L(-1) histamine (His) precontracted isolated tracheal rings and lowering effect on short-circuit current (Isc) increase induced by 10 micromol x L(-1) CCh with 3 proportions of 1:1, 1:3, 1:9 extract. RESULT: 1:3 proportions dose-dependently relaxed CCh-precontracted isolated tracheal rings, IC50 of 1:1, 1:3 is 7.5, 15 mg x mL(-1) respectively, 1:9 could not produce 50% inhibition effect on CCh-evoked contraction; 3 proportions also dose-dependently relaxed His-precontracted isolated tracheal rings, IC50 of 1:9, 1:3 and 1:1 is 0.19, 0.61, 1.8 mg x mL(-1) respectively. On the other hand,the orders potency of the decrease effect on CCh-evoked short circuit current increase is 1:3 > 1:1 > 1:9. The difference is not significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Herbal Ephedrae & Pheretima had tracheal muscle relaxant and epithelium ion secretion inhibition effect, its mechanism of relieving asthma involved anti-CCh and anti-His effect 1:3 was the most appropriate dosage ratio in the anti-asthmatic drug partnership.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Discriminative stimulus properties of ephedra herb (Ephedra sinica) in rats].

The stimulus properties of ephedra herb (drug of Chinese medicine) were demonstrated in rats trained to discriminate between 2.5 ml/kg extract of ephedra herb and same volume of distilled water (p.o.). On the discrimination training, animals were shaped on an FR20 schedule to respond to one of two levers for food reinforcement when they were administrated ephedra herb extract, and to respond to the other lever when they were treated with distilled water. Cumulative dosing tests for the discriminative stimulus properties consisted of two to five trials of FR20 schedule; responses for both levers were reinforced. d-Methamphetamine 1.43 mg/kg p.o. indicated complete generalization to the ephedra herb. Nicotine and caffeine indicated modest generalization, but some animals generalized completely. These results suggest that the ephedra herb has d-methamphetamine-like, but unique discriminative stimulus properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of ma-huang (Ephedra sinica) in normotensive adults.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate heart rate and blood pressure responses to a commercially available source of ma-haung, a natural source of the sympathomimetic substance, ephedrine, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of the product in normotensive, healthy adults. On day 1, twelve study participants were monitored with an ambulatory blood pressure device between hours 7 and 20. On day 2, they ingested four capsules of powdered ma-huang at hours 8 and 17 while again wearing the monitor between hours 7 and 20. Serial plasma samples were obtained and concentrations of ephedrine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ephedrine were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles. The ephedrine alkaloid content of each capsule was also determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Six participants experienced a statistically significant increase in heart rate, but the effects on blood pressure were variable. The half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, and maximum concentration in plasma of ephedrine in the ma-huang product were similar to values previously reported for a 20 mg, immediate-release ephedrine tablet. Values for the absorption rate were considerably lower and time to reach maximum concentration was longer for the capsules, compared with the standard tablet. Variability in alkaloid content of ephedrine was low and yielded a mean dose of ephedrine at 19.4 mg; pseudoephedrine at 4.9 mg; and methylephedrine at 1.2 mg for a four-capsule dose. In summary, ma-haung had variable effects on blood pressure and increased heart rate in healthy, normotensive adults. Pharmacokinetic parameters for ephedrine were in agreement with those previously reported; however, the absorption rate was much slower after ingestion of ma-huang.

Adult↗