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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Enterobacteriaceae infections in man and animals and detection of their natural reservoirs in India.

The study presents a summary of the results regarding the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in domestic animals and birds, endeavouring to explain the origin of the infections. Wild reptiles, amphibians, mammalia, rodents and birds were examined into the demonstration of Enterobacteriaceae, whereby particular attention was paid to the following species: Arizona, Edwardsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, Yersinia and Erwinia.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1985

[Etiology of intestinal Enterobacteriaceae infections in young children].

Enterobacteria, potentially capable of causing infections, were isolated from the feces of 88.7% of young children in the intestinal department of an infectious disease hospital. Opportunistic bacteria were considered to be the causative agents of infections only in cases of their high concentration in the material under test. In about a half of the cases the etiological role of the suspected microorganisms was confirmed by the detection of antibodies in low titers. The presence of maternal antibodies did not interfere with diagnostic procedures. The detection of antibodies to autocultures, even in a single case, is of diagnostic importance in the examination of young children. Autoserologically confirmed mixed infection was found to take a more prolonged course than autoserologically confirmed monoinfection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1963

The differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae infecting the urinary tract: A study in male paraplegics.

Methods adopted in a routine bacteriology laboratory for the rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine are described. The incidence of various bacteria causing infection in paraplegics after catheterization of the bladder is recorded, Klebsiella accounting for the majority of infections caused by lactose fermenters and Providence for the majority of ;paracolon' infections. The importance of these bacteria in cross-infection is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Effects of infection with Enterobacteriaceae enteropathogens on subsequent infection with Ascaris suum in the laboratory mouse.

Prior to infection with Ascaris suum, ICR strain mice were inoculated with Salmonella typhisuis intraperitoneally or via gastric gavage. Similarly, Salmonella cholerae-suis var. kunzendorf, Salmonella typhimurium and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were administered to mice via gastric gavage 2 weeks prior to A. suum inoculation. Previous inoculation with S. typhisuis, via the intraperitoneal or gastric gavage routes and S. cholerae-suis var. kunzendorf decreased recovery of ascarid larvae from mice lungs. This effect appeared to be due to entrapment of migrating larvae by inflammatory reactions in the liver. This reaction was suspected to be due to non-specific resistance stimulated by the prior exposure to the bacterial pathogen. The number of A. suum larvae in the lungs of mice previously inoculated with S. typhimurium or enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was variable and in some cases greater in mice which had received the bacterial inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A serologic response in human infection with Enterobacteriaceae.

Sera from patients infected with Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, and Serratia were studied for precipitins to ultrasonic extracts of these organisms in gel-diffusion plates. Sera from 66 per cent of these patients contained precipitins when initially tested. Twenty-four per cent of sera tested in the first week after onset of infection contained precipitins, but this rose to 78 per cent by the third week. Cross-reactions of sera with Pseudomonas antigens were unusual, but were common with other enterobacterial antigen extracts. However, higher titers were usually present to homologous as compared to heterologus antigens. Sera from seven patients contained precipitins to a common enterobacterial antigen. Precipitins to E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, and Serratia were detected in only a small proportion of control sera.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2005

Clinical features of nosocomial infections by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in neonatal intensive care units.

AIM: To determine the risk factors for the acquisition of nosocomial extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae infection in infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and to evaluate the therapeutic outcome of these infants. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of infants with nosocomial ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae infection hospitalized in NICUs at Chang Gung Children's Hospital in 2001. The clinical features of these infants were compared with a cohort of non-ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae-infected infants during the same period. The therapeutic outcome of the infants in the ESBL group was analysed. RESULTS: Seventy infants were included in this study. Thirty-one infants with 34 isolates were identified in the ESBL group and 39 infants with 42 isolates in the non-ESBL group. Of the parameters analysed, including gestational age, birthweight, length of hospital stay before onset, the number of antibiotics used, the duration of third-generation cephalosporin usage and the number of patients receiving a third-generation cephalosporin prior to the onset of infection, no significant difference was found between the two groups. The infection-contributed case fatality rate was 3.0% (1 of 33) in the ESBL group, not significantly different from that in the non-ESBL group (1 of 41, 2.4%). Of the 31 patients in the ESBL group, 18 were treated with a carbapenem as definitive therapy while 13 were treated with a non-carbapenem antibiotic regimen. No significant difference was noted in terms of mortality rate between the two subgroups. CONCLUSION: The outcome of the infants hospitalized in the NICU with ESBL-producing enterobacterial infections was not indispensably grave, even when treated with a non-carbapenem antibiotic regimen. The risk factors for the acquisition of ESBL-producing enterobacterial infections in these infants were not identified in this series.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Comparative in-vitro activities of ertapenem against aerobic bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections.

The in vitro activities of ertapenem, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam were compared against 1018 aerobic bacterial pathogens isolated from 531 patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection. Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 66.3% of the aerobic bacteria; Escherichia coli was the most common isolate. The ertapenem minimal inhibitory concentration was < or = 2 microg/mL for 74.6% of isolates and > or = 8 microg/mL for 21.9% (including isolates of enterococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Against Enterobacteriaceae, ertapenem was the most potent and the most active drug evaluated (100% susceptible), followed by ceftriaxone (98% susceptible), piperacillin-tazobactam (96% susceptible), amoxicillin-clavulanate (80% susceptible), and ampicillin-sulbactam (64% susceptible). Piperacillin-tazobactam was the only drug evaluated with clinically useful activity against P. aeruginosa. In summary, ertapenem was highly active in vitro against many clinically important aerobic intra-abdominal bacterial pathogens, especially Enterobacteriaceae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Accuracy of the Vitek system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infection isolates: use of "direct" inoculation from Bactec 9240 blood culture bottles.

A recent investigation indicates that rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) can affect patient therapy leading to reductions in health-care costs for some patient populations. However, there is little information relative to the often performed direct inoculation of positive blood culture bottles into rapid AST systems. AST results of direct inoculated Vitek (bioMerieux Vitek, Hazelwood, MO, USA) GNS cards were compared to those inoculated per package insert recommendations and a reference broth microdilution test using 50 consecutive Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infection isolates. Escherichia coli (44% of isolates), Klebsiella ssp. (30%), and six other members of this family were tested against 15 antimicrobial agents. The direct inoculation method produced only two false-susceptible (0.3%), seven false-resistant (0.9%; six different drugs), and 48 minor errors (6.4%). The GNS cards inoculated in the usual, recommended manner had no very major error, and 7.5% combined major and minor errors. If the results of the urinary infection-specific drugs (nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; not appropriate for bacteremia therapy) and ampicillin/sulbactam were deleted, both Vitek inoculation methods yielded results well within acceptable limits (< or = 4.5% overall error). These results indicate that the direct inoculation method of Vitek GNS cards from Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections (detected by Bactec 9240, Becton-Dickinson, Cockeysville, MD, USA) performed as well as the NCCLS broth microdilution test. Thus, a procedural modification of this type could further accelerate rapid access to accurate AST data.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed2002

Risk of resistant infections with Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors associated with progression from colonization to infection with health care-associated antimicrobial-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae (ANE) in critically ill neonates. STUDY DESIGN: During a 3-year period (1998 to 2000), surveillance rectal cultures were performed on neonates admitted to our Level III neonatal intensive care unit after a cluster of four cases of ANE infection were identified in 1998. ANE were defined as members of the Enterobacteriaceae family that exhibited nonsusceptibility to ceftazidime or laboratory evidence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. RESULTS: A total of 1,710 patients were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit during the study period. Of the 1,710 patients 300 (18%) were excluded from the risk factor analysis. Of the 1,410 remaining neonates the incidence of health care-associated ANE colonization was 17% (240 of 1,410 patients), and 14% of the colonized patients (34 of 240 patients) developed ANE infections. Of the 206 ANE-colonized patients who did not develop disease, 60 (29%) harbored ESBL-producing isolates. Of the 34 ANE-infected patients, 14 (41%) yielded growth of ESBL-producing isolates. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that colonized neonates with very low birth weights (<1,000 g) and those who had received prolonged exposures to antimicrobial agents were at increased risk of ANE infections. CONCLUSIONS: Colonization with ANE places hospitalized neonates at risk for development of systemic infections. Very low birth weight (<1,000 g) and prolonged exposure to antimicrobial agents were the only two independent risk factors associated with ANE infection.

Age Factors↗