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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov., a new species found in clinical specimens, and reassignment of Erwinia dissolvens and Erwinia nimipressuralis to the genus Enterobacter as Enterobacter dissolvens comb. nov. and Enterobacter nimipressuralis comb. nov.

Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. is a new species that was formerly referred to as Enteric Group 17 and that consists of 71 strains, 70 of which were isolated from humans. Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. strains gave positive reactions in tests for methyl red, citrate utilization (Simmons and Christensen's), urea hydrolysis, L-ornithine decarboxylase, growth in KCN, acid and gas production from D-glucose, and acid production from L-arabinose, cellobiose, glycerol (negative in 1 to 2 days, positive in 3 to 7 days), lactose, D-mannitol, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose. They gave negative reactions in the Voges-Proskauer test and in tests for indole, H2S production, phenylalanine, L-lysine decarboxylase, motility, gelatin, utilization of malonate, lipase, DNase, tyrosine clearing, acid production from adonitol, D-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, i(myo)-inositol, melibiose, and L-rhamnose. They gave variable reactions in tests for L-arginine dihydrolase (25% positive after 2 days) and acid production from raffinose (69% positive after 2 days). Thirty-four Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. strains were tested for DNA relatedness by the hydroxyapatite method with 32PO4-labeled DNA from the designated type strain (1497-78, ATCC 35953). The strains were 69 to 100% related in 60 degrees C reactions and 63 to 100% related in 75 degrees C reactions. Divergence within related sequences was 0 to 2.5%. Relatedness of Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. to 84 strains of members of the Enterobacteriaceae was 5 to 63%, with closest relatedness to strains of Enterobacter cloacae, Erwinia dissolvens, Enterobacter taylorae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Erwinia nimipressuralis, and Enterobacter gergoviae. All strains tested were susceptible to gentamicin and sulfdiazine, and most were susceptible to chloramphenicol, colistin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, carbenicillin and streptomycin. All strains were resistant to ampicillan, cephalothin, and penicillin, and most were resistant or moderately resistant to tetracycline. Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov strains were isolated from a variety of human sources, most prevalent of which were urine (16 strains), respiratory sources (15 strains), stools (12 strains), wounds (11 strains), and blood (7 strains). The clinical significance of Enterobacter aburiae is not known. As a result of this and previous studies, proposals are made to transfer Erwinia dissolvens and Erwinia nimipressuralis to the genus Enterobacter as Enterobacter dissolvens comb. nov. and Enterobacter nimipressuralis comb. nov., respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Enterobacter cancerogenus (Urosević, 1966) Dickey and Zumoff 1988, a senior subjective synonym of Enterobacter taylorae Farmer et al. (1985).

Strains labelled Enterobacter cancerogenus (Erwinia cancerogena) and strains labelled Enterobacter taylorae were found to constitute a single DNA-relatedness group (S1 nuclease hybridization method). Furthermore, no phenotypic test among the conventional and nutritional tests performed could differentiate Enterobacter cancerogenus from Enterobacter taylorae. Therefore, Enterobacter cancerogenus (Urosević, 1966) Dickey and Zumoff, 1968, is a senior subjective synonym for Enterobacter taylorae Farmer et al., 1985.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

Bacteremia associated with Enterobacter sakazakii (yellow, pigmented Enterobacter cloacae).

A case report of bacteremia due to Enterobacter sakazakii, listed previously as yellow-pigmented Enterobacter cloacae (R. Sakazaki, in R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons, ed., Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., p. 325, 1974), occurred in a 7-day-old, Caucasian male who responded successfully to ampicillin therapy. The source of the infection was not known; however, because of the time lapse between birth and the onset of symptoms, the infection was thought to have occurred postnatally.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1986

Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of eight Enterobacter species, with special reference to Enterobacter sakazakii.

An agar dilution method was used to measure the MICs of 29 antimicrobial agents against Enterobacter sakazakii, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, E. agglomerans, E. amnigenus, E. gergoviae, E. intermedium, and E. taylorae (formerly Enteric Group 19). E. sakazakii was the most susceptible species. Results showing resistance to ampicillin are likely to exclude E. sakazakii.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1992

Retrospective 6-year study of enterobacter bacteraemia in a Danish university hospital.

In order to study the epidemiology of invasive enterobacter infections, data from 53 consecutive cases of bacteraemia due to this organism were compared with data from 72 randomly selected cases of Escherichia coli bacteraemia. The cases occurred among patients admitted to a Danish University hospital over a 6-year period. Forty-eight cases were due to Enterobacter cloacae and five were due to Ent. aerogenes. Enterobacter bacteraemia was more often of nosocomial origin than E. coli bacteraemia and more often polymicrobial. Patients suffering from enterobacter bacteraemia were younger than E. coli patients, and males tended to predominate. Apart from cancer of the prostate, other malignant diseases tended to be more frequent among patients with enterobacter bacteraemia than among E. coli patients. Enterobacter bacteraemia was more often associated with a focus in central venous catheters and burns, whereas patients with E. coli bacteraemia more often showed a focus of infection in the urinary tract. Patients with enterobacter bacteraemia and a microbiologically documented focus in the respiratory tract or the urinary tract more often had an endotracheal tube or indwelling urinary catheter compared to patients with E. coli bacteraemia with a similar focus of infection. In patients with no microbiologically documented focus enterobacter bacteraemia was more often associated with the presence of central and peripheral venous catheters. During the preceding 12 weeks patients with enterobacter bacteraemia, more often than E. coli patients, had been treated with beta-lactam antibiotics, especially penicillins. The close association with devices may indicate that Enterobacter has a special affinity for foreign body material. Studies are planned to elucidate this aspect in further detail.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Enterobacter bacteremia: clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of previously administered antibiotics on the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Enterobacter, the factors affecting mortality, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy for Enterobacter bacteremia. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study of consecutive patients with Enterobacter bacteremia. SETTING: Three university tertiary care centers, one major university-affiliated hospital, and two university-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical centers. PATIENTS: A total of 129 adult patients were studied. MEASUREMENTS: The two main end points were emergence of resistance during antibiotic therapy and death. MAIN RESULTS: Previous administration of third-generation cephalosporins was more likely to be associated with multiresistant Enterobacter isolates in an initial, positive blood culture (22 of 32, 69%) than was administration of antibiotics that did not include a third-generation cephalosporin (14 of 71, 20%; P less than 0.001). Isolation of multiresistant Enterobacter sp. in the initial blood culture was associated with a higher mortality rate (12 of 37, 32%) than was isolation of a more sensitive Enterobacter sp. (14 of 92, 15%; P = 0.03). Emergence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporin therapy (6 of 31, 19%) occurred more often than did emergence of resistance to aminoglycoside (1 of 89, 0.01%; P = 0.001) or other beta-lactam (0 of 50; P = 0.002) therapy. CONCLUSIONS: More judicious use of third-generation cephalosporins may decrease the incidence of nosocomial multiresistant Enterobacter spp., which in turn may result in a lower mortality for Enterobacter bacteremia. When Enterobacter organisms are isolated from blood, it may be prudent to avoid third-generation cephalosporin therapy regardless of in-vitro susceptibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Patients' endogenous flora as the source of "nosocomial" Enterobacter in cardiac surgery.

We prospectively studied Enterobacter colonization in cardiac surgery patients receiving cefazolin prophylaxis. Fifty-eight (67%) of 87 patients became colonized, 28 by the time of admission to a Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit. Enterobacter cloacae was four times more prevalent than Enterobacter aerogenes. We found increased Enterobacter colonization, after prophylaxis, in 45% of surgery patients. None of 25 control patients, who underwent coronary angioplasty and received no antibiotic prophylaxis, showed increased colonization (P = .001). Both groups had similar baseline rates of Enterobacter carriage. Typing showed 50 distinct strains of E. cloacae and 11 of E. aerogenes; 25% of patients carried greater than or equal to 2 strains simultaneously. In the nine cases of horizontal transmission, source patients were intubated for greater than or equal to 5 days and had heavy throat carriage of Enterobacter. No environmental sources of transmission were found. Clinical Enterobacter infection developed in 12 patients; at least nine of these were infected with a strain that had been isolated by surveillance culture. We conclude that Enterobacter, part of the patients' endogenous flora, becomes an important pathogen when amplified by prophylactic antibiotics and is less often transmitted horizontally.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Biochemical typing of Enterobacter isolated from several clinical materials].

A total of 74 Enterobacter species have been isolated from the patients applying to the department of Microbiology, University of Ankara, Studying several biochemical test systems their strains have been found. 37 of these Enterobacter species have been found to be Enterobacter cloacae, 10 Enterobacter agglomerans, 13 Enterobacter aerogenes, 3 Enterobacter hafniae (Hafnia alvei), 1 Enterobacter sakazakii. 2 of the strains couldn't be classified. In conclusion most of the strains were found to be Enterobacter cloacae.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1986

Enterobacter bacteremia in surgical patients.

The records of 63 surgical patients with one or more positive blood cultures for Enterobacter organisms were reviewed to determine clinical, epidemiologic, and mortality risk factors. Enterobacter bacteremia occurred, on the average, on the twenty-third day of hospitalization, most frequently in male patients (47), after antibiotic therapy (48 patients), placement of central venous catheters (38 patients), gastrointestinal tract operations (36 patients), and respiratory failure (31 patients). Portals of entry were most commonly sputum (25 patients), open skin wounds (16 patients), and central venous lines (12 patients). Mortality risk (22 patients, 35%) was increased with Enterobacter bacteremia occurring after the fifteenth day of hospitalization (18 of 45 patients versus 4 of 28 patients, p less than 0.01), a preceding Enterobacter focus (13 of 22 patients versus 9 of 41 patients, p less than 0.05), preceding non-Enterobacter bacteremia (10 of 15 patients versus 12 of 48 patients, p less than 0.02), preceding total parenteral nutrition (11 of 21 patients versus 11 of 42 patients p less than 0.01), respiratory failure (19 of 36 patients versus 3 of 27 patients p less than 0.01), and renal failure (11 of 12 patients versus 11 of 51 patients p less than 0.01). The mortality risk was not diminished by specific antibiotic therapy. Enterobacter is emerging as an important pathogen in surgical patients. Prolonged antibiotic administration, particularly that of cephalosporins, may promote Enterobacter colonization of the tracheobronchial tree and skin with subsequent invasion enhanced by respiratory failure, open skin wounds, or central venous catheters traversing the skin. Mortality risk is determined primarily by factors associated with critical illness rather than effects of Enterobacter organisms and their specific treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between ceftriaxone use and resistance of Enterobacter species.

We investigated the relationship between the amount of ceftriaxone used in our hospital and the evolution of the rate of resistance among Enterobacter species isolates. We reviewed all positive microbiological reports for Enterobacter species and the pharmacy records for the ceftriaxone consumption during four semesters over 4 consecutive years. The resistance to ceftriaxone among Enterobacter species rose from 10 to 27% while the amount of ceftriaxone used almost trebled during the study period. In order to investigate the relationship between the use of an antibiotic and the emergence of resistance to it, we studied the development of ceftriaxone resistance in Enterobacter species and the use of this drug at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) each year between 1983 and 1986. The consumption of ceftriaxone more than doubled between 1983 and 1984, and since then has increased only slowly. Within 2 years the rate of Enterobacter species resistance to ceftriaxone has jumped from about 10% between 1983 and 1985 to 27% in 1986. As no particular modification in the preventive methods of hospital hygiene and no epidemics occurred during the period of our study, we conclude that the increase in the prescribing of ceftriaxone probably played a central role in the increased number of resistant strains of Enterobacter species.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed2023

Capsular Polysaccharide Is Essential for the Virulence of the Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogen Enterobacter hormaechei.

Nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) pathogens are on the rise. However, the virulence strategies employed by these pathogens remain elusive. Here, we study the interaction of ECC clinical isolates with human serum to define how this pathogen evades the antimicrobial action of complement, one of the first lines of host-mediated immune defense. We identified a small number of serum-sensitive strains, including Enterobacter hormaechei strain NR3055, which we exploited for the in vitro selection of serum-resistant clones. Comparative genomics between the serum-sensitive NR3055 strain and the isolated serum-resistant clones revealed a premature stop codon in the wzy gene of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis locus of NR3055. The complementation of wzy conferred serum resistance to NR3055, prevented the deposition of complement proteins on the bacterial surface, inhibited phagocytosis by human neutrophils, and rendered the bacteria virulent in a mouse model of peritonitis. Mice exposed to a nonlethal dose of encapsulated NR3055 were protected from subsequent lethal infections by encapsulated NR3055, whereas mice that were previously exposed to unencapsulated NR3055 succumbed to infection. Thus, capsule is a key immune evasion determinant for E. hormaechei, and it is a potential target for prophylactics and therapeutics to combat these increasingly MDR human pathogens. IMPORTANCE Infections caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria are of increasing concern, especially those due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. Included in this group are species of the Enterobacter cloacae complex, regarding which there is a paucity of knowledge on the infection biology of the pathogens, despite their clinical relevance. In this study, we combine techniques in comparative genomics, bacterial genetics, and diverse models of infection to establish capsule as an important mechanism of Enterobacter pathogens to resist the antibacterial activity of serum, a first line of host defense against bacterial infections. We also show that immune memory targeting the Enterobacter capsule protects against lethal infection. The further characterization of Enterobacter infection biology and the immune response to infection are needed for the development of therapies and preventative interventions targeting these highly antibiotic resistant pathogens.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

[Multiple drug resistance of Enterobacter-Serratia group isolated from clinical materials (author's transl)].

We determined the drug susceptibility of Serratia-Enterobacter group isolated from clinical materials between October 1973 and May 1974 by disk method and agar plate dilution method, and compared the drug susceptibility and multiple resistance among pigment-producing Serratia, pigment non-producing Serratia and Enterobacter. We used following drugs for susceptibility tests; ampicillin, carbenicillin, sulbenicillin, cephaloridine, streptomycin, kanamycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, colistin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and erythromycin. Above one half of strains of Serratia and Enterobacter was isolated from sputa and pharyngeal swabs. Almost all strains of Serratia and Enterobacter wer resistant to ampicillin, cephaloridine and erythromycin, but sensitive to gentamicin and dibekacin. Resistant strains were more found in Serratia than in Enterobacter. Pigment non-producing strains of Serratia were more sesistant to chemotherapeutics than pigment producing strains. There were many multiple resistant strains in Serratia and Enterobacter, especially in pigment non-producing strains of Serratia, and the strains isolated from urine were resistant to more drugs compared with the strains from other materials.

Ampicillin↗