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Results for “Endocrine Glands”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Histochemical observations on the neuroendocrine complex of Heteroptera, II--The endocrine glands.

A histochemical analysis of the retrocerebral endocrine glands of four heteropteran bugs, viz. Sphderodema rusticum Fabr., Ranatra filiformis Fabr., Enithares indica Fabr. and Spilostethus pandurus has been made. Histochemical tests for various types of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, etc. have been made. The reaction of different types of cells of the endocrine glands viz. chromophil, chromophobe and CA cells have been studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Morphological changes in the internal organs and endocrine glands of rats subjected to deficient nutrition and fasting].

Pathological studies on the internal organs, endocrine glands inclusive, are carried out in white rats under conditions of deficient alimentation and fasting. The results of the study show that complete starvation with preceding full value or restricted (2 hours daily) feeding brings about a variety of morphological reactions in the internal organs and endocrine glands. The liver proves to be the most sensitive to reduced food supply it shows a marked response with fatty dystrophy and subsequent atrophy. Next ranks the kidney. Myocardium, spleen, thyroid gland, adrenals and testes fall in the third group--with a weaker and rather delayed response. Small intestine, lung and hypophysis do not show changes worth noting. The investigations performed are related to the effect exerted by starvation and deficient nutrition, assumed as a stress factor for the organism.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

[Problems in the genetics of stress. II. Genetic analysis of endocrine gland weight in mice under normal conditions and during exposure to stress].

Relative weight of adrenals, thymus, hypophysis and gonads was studied in female mice after 21 days after parturition and in intact males. One group of females was stressed during pregnancy, and another group was intact. All these animals were a progeny of the full diallele cross of 4 inbred mice strains (BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6, AKR/J). On the basis of analysis of general and specific combining ability the conclusion is drawn that the relative weight of the endocrine glands is inherited additively in females of both experimental groups. However, it was found that the size of additive genetic variation for these characters in the population of females, which had been stressed during their pregnancy was larger, than in the control population. A significant role of non-additive genes in the determination of these characters was observed in males. The degree of hypertrophy of adrenals and lysis of thymus in stressed females corresponded to their emotional reactivity. Significant genotypic correlations between the weight of some endocrine glands, on one hand, and the emotional reactivity and the rate of sexual maturation, on the other hand, were found in both experimental groups of females. In the stressed group these correlations were higher.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental studies of the effect of the restoration of a balanced diet on the endocrine glands injured by food deficits].

The problem of the extent to which changes in endocrine glands in case of protein or fatty deficiency are reversible has a great theoretical and practical bearing. Its elucidation appears to be particularly relevant in the management of the various forms of deficient feeding where restored whole-food diets exert a pronounced therapeutical effect. However, literature data on the issue are very scanty and rather dissenting. The structural changes in adenohypophysis, thyroidea, adrenals and sex glands were studied in 72 albino rats of the Wistar line which, following treatment with a diet poor in proteins and fats, were subjected to a recovery regimen by feeding them whole-food diets. For the purpose, histomorphological and histochemical tests were used. It was established that while in the animals deprived of fats, realimentation estrored the mophological profile of all the glands under study, among the rats fed protein poor diets, irreversible tissue changes were found in the adrenals and gonads. The results obtained are related to the direct action of the nutrient deficit, or to its deleterious effect on the tropic secretion of the hypophysis.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

Histological response of various endocrine glands after administration of certain neurohumors in chicks.

Histological response of various endocrine glands like pituitary, adrenal, testes and pancreas after administration of certain neurohumors like acetylcholine, adrenaline and histamine in a particular dose and sequence, has been carried out in white leghorn chicks. Result of this study revealed that administration of these neurohumors produced definite changes in various endocrines. Histological changes are more prominent in pituitary and adrenal glands, whereas, pancreas and testes did not reveal much influence of these neurohumors.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1979

[Hormonal regulation and hormone therapy in childhood and adolescence. Part 1: development of endocrine glands, hormone production, menarche and secondary sex characteristics].

The growth curves of the endocrine glands in female puberty are described. Adrenarche with an elevated production of adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone marks the beginning of prepuberty. By decrease of hypothalamic sensitivity to sexual steroids begins the deviation of FSH and LH levels. Significant increases of gonadotrophins and prolactin occur during sleep. There is a good correlation between bone age, Tanner-stages of breast and pubic hair development and steroid hormone levels. Criteria of maturity for young girls including menarche and ovulation are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of thymectomy on the endocrine glands of the rat.

The effects of thymectomy on the thyroid gland, the adrenal cortex, the testes and the lymph nodes of the rat follow the same pattern as those observed in guinea pigs but in a very attenuated form. Thymectomized rats do not show the wasting observed in thymectomized guinea pigs. The effects on the adenohypophysis are approximately the same in rats and guinea pigs, but the sequence of the changes is different. Injections of thymic extract or of presumably pure thymic hormone suppressed all the effects of thymectomy on the endocrine glands of the rat. In rats, thymic hormone was found in the thymus, the lymph nodes and the spleen. It disappeared from the lymph nodes and the spleen within three days of thymectomy and did not reappear, although most of the changes in the endocrine glands were transitory. The implications of the observations for understanding the consequences of thymectomy are discussed.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1978

Histological observations on some of the endocrine glands in the ironfish, with special regard to the hypophysis.

Endocrine glands of the ironfish were studied light microscopically to elucidate the relationship between the races of the genus Carassius. The rostral pars distalis of the adenohypophysis consists mainly of acidophils corresponding to prolactin cells and lead-hematoxylin positive cells corresponding to corticotrophs (ACTH cells). The prolactin cells are obviously arranged in the form of follicles. The proximal pars distalis contains orangenophils (STH cells) and two types of basophils (TSH and GTH cells). In the pars intermedia, three types of cells are identified: periodic acid Schiff positive cells, lead-hematoxylin stainable cells and orangenophils containing PAS positive coarse granules. In addition, small agranular cells are seldom demonstrated in the entire adenohypophysis. A considerable amount of aldehyde fuchsin positive neurosecretory material is laden in the cells of the nucleus preopticus and in the pars nervosa. The nucleus lateralis tuberis is composed of three portions: pars anterior, pars posterior, and pars lateralis. The thyroid follicles found in the pharyngeal region and head kidney show a mild state of activity. The interrenal cells intermingled with the chromaffin cells have a considerable amount of eosinophil cytoplasm. Judging from the gonadal condition, the breeding season of the ironfish may extend to the end of July.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Endocrine glands of Chironomus thummi Kief. during larval development and metamorphosis].

The general morphology of the complex of endocrine glands in Chironomus thummi is described (corpora allata, peritracheal glands, cardial bodies). Each of these glands is characterized during the 3rd, 4th larval instars and metamorphosis by specific developmental features. Enlargement of corpora allata is due, mainly, to more than 10-fold increase in cell number. The process of growth in the peritracheal gland is realized mainly at the expense of increase in cell size and formation of polytene nuclei; the latter is witnessed both by nuclear morphology and increase of DNA content per nucleus. It was shown by cytophotometric measurements that DNA content per nucleus in the peritracheal gland of a just moulted larva of the 4th instar amounts to 0.202 +/- 0.02 relative units, in prepupa to 2.98+/-0.01, whereas the corresponding values for nuclei of corpora allata equal 0.107+/-0.01 and 0.212+/-0.1. The number of cells and the morphology of nuclei suffer no significant changes in cardial bodies but 2 giant cells intimately connected with cardial bodies increase in volume from 18 to 200,000 mu3 and typical polytene chromosomes form in them.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The state of the peripheral endocrine glands 14 months following hypophysectomy and their sensitivity to the tropic hormones of the hypophysis].

Rats hypophysectomized at the age of four weeks continued to grow at a delayed rate during the whole fourteen month's observation period. A spontaneous development of the sexual apparatus was noted in some of the hypophysectomized animals: an increase in the weight of the testes, of the ventral prostate and of the seminal vesicles. In fourteen months the peripheral endocrine glands retained their sensitivity to the tropic hormones of the hypophysis; a ten-day adminstration of a corresponding tropic hormone led to a double increase in weight of the dependent endocrine gland and a sharp elevation of its functional activity.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

The syndrome of multiple endocrine gland insufficiency.

Addison's disease, when caused by idiopathic atrophy of the adrenal cortex, is frequently associated with other endocrine abnormalities. Primary hypothyroidism and hypogonadism have been reported in association with adrenal insufficiency; understandably, such cases may lead to diagnostic confusion with respect to possible pituitary disease. This case study concerns a woman who exhibited, in sequence and over a period of 17 years, hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, diabetes mellitus and, finally, hypothyroidism. Originally misdiagnosed as having Sheehan's syndrome, she eventually became hyperpigmented. The true nature of her illness was then revealed to be primary insufficiency of multiple endocrine glands, with the demonstration of elevated levels of several pituitary hormones. Because multiple endocrine insufficiencies may coexist or develop with time, we suggest that a patient with a single documented endocrine deficiency be investigated initially and serially for additional glandular deficiencies.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1979

Histological observation of some of the endocrine glands in the sterile carp-funa hybrid (F1), with special reference to the hypophysis.

Some endocrine glands of the carp-funa hybrids were studied with a light microscope to elucidate their detailed structure and the possible causal factor of sterility in the males. Adult specimens of carp (Cyprinus carpio), gengoroh-buna (Carassius auratus cuvieri), and their hybrid (F1) were examined. The hybrid males are sterile as manifested by the failure of meiosis and seminomatous neoplasm in their testes. The hybrid females revealed well-developed ovaries, but their fertility was not tested. The hybrid hypophysis shows an intermediate condition between the parent species in the grade of ramification of the pars nervosa into the pars intermedia. Among seven types of granular cells demonstrated in the adenohypophysis, certain degenerative and anomalous changes are recognized only in the gonadotrophs of the hybrid hypophysis, especially in the female. These changes are discussed as a possible cause of sterility. A considerable amount of aldehyde fuchsin stainable neurosecretory material occurs in the cells of the nucleus preopticus and in the pars nervosa. The nucleus lateralis tuberis exhibits a histologically healthy condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A unicellular endocrine gland in cestodes.

Unicellular glands are reported from the scolex and anterior neck region of Hymenolepis diminuta and H. nana. Despite positive staining reactions with the presumptive neurosecretory stains, paraldehyde-fuchsin and chrome-alum-hematoxylin, ultrastructurally these glands exhibit many non-neural characteristics. Glandular cell processes are frequently found in close proximity to muscular tissue, particularly in the suckers, suggesting a regulatory role in muscle modulation as a possible function. Two types of putative, neurosecretory cells are reported from the cephalic ganglia and the lateral nerve cords. Neurosecretory regulation of the unicellular endocrine glands is postulated based on the lack of direct innervation of the glands and the frequent close proximity of axons containing putative, neurosecretory granules.

Animals↗