Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Encyclopedias as Topic”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

["De morbis qui in superficie corporis videntur" (St. Isidore of Seville, 621 A.D.) the first dermatology text in Europe].

San Isidoro of Sevilla (562-636) was a learned Spaniard of the early Middle Ages. His principal work, the Etymologies, is an encyclopedic treatise which analyzes the origin and meaning of about 5,500 terms corresponding to the different knowledge of his era. Liber IV of the Etymologies is dedicated to Medicine, and one of his chapters, titled De morbis qui in superficie corporis videntur (The diseases that are seen on the skin surface), studies 32 terms corresponding to skin diseases, so that this chapter represents the first text dedicated specifically to Dermatology in Europe. At the same time, according to the general plan of the work that includes each term with its origin and its definition, Liber IV (De Medicina) would be the oldest medical terminology dictionary known.

Dermatology↗
PubMed2005

Note regarding the word 'behavior' in glossaries of introductory textbooks, dictionaries, and encyclopedias devoted to psychology.

Glossaries of introductory textbooks in psychology, biology, and animal behavior were surveyed to find whether they induded the word 'behavior'. In addition to texts, encyclopedias and dictionaries devoted to the study of behavior were also surveyed. Of the 138 tests sampled across all three fields, only 38 (27%) included the term 'behavior' in their glossaries. Of the 15 encyclopedias and dictionaries surveyed, only 5 defined 'behavior'. To assess whether the term 'behavior' has disappeared from textbook glossaries or whether it has usually been absent, we sampled 23 introductory psychology texts written from 1886 to 1958. Only two texts contained glossaries, and the word 'behavior' was defined in both. An informal survey was conducted of students enrolled in introductory classes in psychology, biology, and animal behavior to provide data on the consistency of definitions. Students were asked to "define the word 'behavior'." Analysis indicated the definition was dependent upon the course. We suggest that future introductory textbook authors and editors of psychology-based dictionaries and encyclopedias include 'behavior' in their glossaries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Palimpsest of an early autobiography of Freud].

The authors present an article on Freud contained in a Russian "Jewish Encyclopedia" (St. Petersburg 1906-13) and discuss to what extent it goes back to Freud who had provided a sketch for it.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

The role of French-language contributors to the development of medical geography (1782-1933).

In the literature it is L. L. Finke's three volume work Versuch einer aligemeinen medicinisch-praktischen Geographie, 1792-1795, that is commonly cited as the first to use the term "medical geography". However, Rofort's investigations on the 18th and 19th century development of medical topography in France (1987, 1988) has revealed that a French physician, Dehorne, used the term a decade earlier, and in 1784 Dehorne suggested that a project be undertaken by the Royal Medical Society of Paris on a "Medical Geography of France". The proposal was debated in the Journal de Médecine Militaire in 1786. This correspondence probably is the earliest critique of the concept of medical geography. It was also the French who were the first to have entries on medical geography in dictionaries and encyclopedias. Dr. Jean-Noël Hallé wrote a lengthy piece conceptually placing medical geography as a foundation for medical hygienics in Encyclopédie Méthodique (1787, 1792). In 1817 Julien Virey wrote a 66 page entry on medical geography in the Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales. Throughout the nineteenth century authors writing in the French language continued to make advances and in 1933 the French geographer Max Sorre suggested new directions for the field in the light of bacteriological discoveries and the re-orientation of medicine.

Dictionaries, Medical as Topic↗
PubMed1997

The heterogeneity of clinical ethics: the state of the field as reflected in the Encyclopedia of Bioethics.

The 1995 Encyclopedia of Bioethics is an almost complete reworking of the original 1978 edition, due to the expanding nature of the field. The following article focuses on how the second edition of the Encyclopedia deals with the topic of "clinical ethics" and three related topics: "nursing ethics", "trust", and "conflict of interest". We assess their relevance to the current developments in these fields and the Encyclopedia's usefulness as a resource to ethics consultants, researchers and clinicians. We emphasize the heterogeneity of clinical ethics as a still new and evolving field.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2006

Preferential attachment in the growth of social networks: the internet encyclopedia Wikipedia.

We present an analysis of the statistical properties and growth of the free on-line encyclopedia Wikipedia. By describing topics by vertices and hyperlinks between them as edges, we can represent this encyclopedia as a directed graph. The topological properties of this graph are in close analogy with those of the World Wide Web, despite the very different growth mechanism. In particular, we measure a scale-invariant distribution of the in and out degree and we are able to reproduce these features by means of a simple statistical model. As a major consequence, Wikipedia growth can be described by local rules such as the preferential attachment mechanism, though users, who are responsible of its evolution, can act globally on the network.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Xanthusbase: adapting wikipedia principles to a model organism database.

xanthusBase (http://www.xanthusbase.org) is the official model organism database (MOD) for the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. In many respects, M.xanthus represents the pioneer model organism (MO) for studying the genetic, biochemical, and mechanistic basis of prokaryotic multicellularity, a topic that has garnered considerable attention due to the significance of biofilms in both basic and applied microbiology research. To facilitate its utility, the design of xanthusBase incorporates open-source software, leveraging the cumulative experience made available through the Generic Model Organism Database (GMOD) project, MediaWiki (http://www.mediawiki.org), and dictyBase (http://www.dictybase.org), to create a MOD that is both highly useful and easily navigable. In addition, we have incorporated a unique Wikipedia-style curation model which exploits the internet's inherent interactivity, thus enabling M.xanthus and other myxobacterial researchers to contribute directly toward the ongoing genome annotation.

Databases, Nucleic Acid↗
PubMed1994

[Not Available].

The primary goal of Ulisse Aldrovandi was to surpass his immediate predecessor Conrad Gesner, despite the fact that he never mentioned it expressis verbis. In a Plinian manner he attempted to complete Aristotle's comprehensive description of the animals. Since he always made a great effort to evaluate all existing works, and to determine their degree of truth by conducting his own studies of nature, his descriptions turn out to be more comprehensive and critical than those of his predecessors. Furthermore he based his studies on a system and also incorporated anatomy again. With his studies of nature and anatomical dissections he has expanded the knowledge of scientific facts within the domain of zoology. Especially in the realm of entomology, Aldrovandi has accomplished pioneer work, and can hence be regarded as the founding father of this special field. Besides Gesner's significant work about the animal kingdom, Aldrovandi's even more comprehensive encyclopedia can be considered an important step towards the modern natural sciences.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of a Diagnostic Encyclopedia Workstation for ovarian pathology.

The Diagnostic Encyclopedia Workstation (DEW) is a computer system that provides completely integrated pictorial and textual information as reference knowledge in the field of ovarian pathology. The textual component comprises information per diagnosis such as descriptions of macroscopic and microscopic images, clinical signs, and prognosis. In addition, the system offers lists of differential diagnoses and criteria to differentiate among lists of differential diagnoses and criteria to differentiate among them. The present study evaluates to what extent the system influences the diagnostic process in efficiency and outcome. Therefore, two groups of six pathologists each, covering a wide spectrum of experience in ovarian pathology, participated in the evaluation of the DEW. The quality of the resulting diagnoses was statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon rank sum test with respect to five different viewpoints: classification, morphology, clinical consequences, duration of diagnostic process, and consensus among the participants. The results are discussed and it is concluded that classification and morphology showed better results when books were used. The evaluation experiment was, however, very rigid and negatively biased with respect to the DEW system. Positive aspects of the encyclopedia are the easy access to diagnostic and differential diagnostic information and the large set of illustrations. Insight is acquired with respect to existing bottlenecks and how they may be overcome.

Computer Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design of a diagnostic encyclopaedia using AIDA.

Diagnostic Encyclopaedia Workstation (DEW) is the name of a digital encyclopaedia constructed to contain reference knowledge with respect to the pathology of the ovary. Comparing DEW with the common sources of reference knowledge (i.e. books) leads to the following advantages of DEW: it contains more verbal knowledge, pictures and case histories, and it offers information adjusted to the needs of the user. Based on an analysis of the structure of this reference knowledge we have chosen AIDA to develop a relational database and we use a video-disc player to contain the pictorial part of the database. The system consists of a database input version and a read-only run version. The design of the database input version is discussed. Reference knowledge for ovary pathology requires 1-3 Mbytes of memory. At present 15% of this amount is available. The design of the run version is based on an analysis of which information must necessarily be specified to the system by the user to access a desired item of information. Finally, the use of AIDA in constructing DEW is evaluated.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2005

Transitions.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Encyclopedias as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Computer network home care demonstration: a randomized trial in persons living with AIDS.

PURPOSE: As Internet-based health care applications grow, it is important to determine their acceptability to ill persons and the likely outcomes resulting from their use. This randomized field investigation demonstrated the use and effects of a specialized computer network, the ComputerLink, among persons living with AIDS (PLWA). HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to determine whether a home-based computer network designed for people with AIDS (PLWA) would be used and whether it would reduce social isolation and improve confidence and skill in decision making without causing differential decline in health status among PLWA. INTERVENTION: Wyse 30 terminals were placed in private homes, linked via a 1200 baud modem to a public access computer network. Services available to PLWA included an on-line electronic encyclopedia, public and private communication and a decision support system; all services were coordinated by a registered nurse. DESIGN: A six-month randomized trial involved 57 community-dwelling PLWA; 31 were in the experimental group. Mean age was 33, 93% were male, 61% white, 34% working, 13.5 mean years education. Six participants were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: 8449 accesses to the system were made during the study period. Mean number of access per participant was 192, the median, 129. Duration of access averaged 12 min. PLWA used two services during each session. First order hypotheses testing revealed no significant difference between experimental and control group participants. Post hoc exploration indicated that use of the system did reduce social isolation once participants levels of depression were controlled and that decision making confidence improved as a function of number of accesses. CONCLUSION: Computer networks provide feasible alternatives for the delivery of health services to home-bound individuals. Communication services were used more extensively than other services, suggesting that the primary mechanism of intervention is peer contact. Similar to other experiments, system use improves confidence, though not skill, in decision making. The Internet represents a promising pathway to reaching home-bound patients and providing them with information, communication and decision assistance.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

RIKEN mouse genome encyclopedia.

We have been working to establish the comprehensive mouse full-length cDNA collection and sequence database to cover as many genes as we can, named Riken mouse genome encyclopedia. Recently we are constructing higher-level annotation (Functional ANnoTation Of Mouse cDNA; FANTOM) not only with homology search based annotation but also with expression data profile, mapping information and protein-protein database. More than 1,000,000 clones prepared from 163 tissues were end-sequenced to classify into 159,789 clusters and 60,770 representative clones were fully sequenced. As a conclusion, the 60,770 sequences contained 33,409 unique. The next generation of life science is clearly based on all of the genome information and resources. Based on our cDNA clones we developed the additional system to explore gene function. We developed cDNA microarray system to print all of these cDNA clones, protein-protein interaction screening system, protein-DNA interaction screening system and so on. The integrated database of all the information is very useful not only for analysis of gene transcriptional network and for the connection of gene to phenotype to facilitate positional candidate approach. In this talk, the prospect of the application of these genome resourced should be discussed. More information is available at the web page: http://genome.gsc.riken.go.jp/.

Animals↗