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Results for “Embryo Disposition”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Determining access to assisted reproductive technology: reactions of clinic directors to ethically complex case scenarios.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to increase understanding of how patient selection is handled by assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinicians. METHODS: Ethically complex case scenarios were evaluated by the directors of USA ART clinics. Scenarios included using a son as sperm donor for his father, sex selection without associated disease, treatment of morally irresponsible couples, and a dispute over embryo disposition. Respondents reviewed eight scenarios and gave their opinions on whether to offer treatment. Reasons given for these decisions were placed into one of 13 categories. RESULTS: Survey response rate was 57%. Between 3 and 50% of respondents would treat in each case. Of reasons given, 'conditional' responses (requiring counselling, blood tests or agreement to other 'conditions') were common (31.4%). Non-maleficence (risk) accounted for 29.4% of responses, philosophy of medicine 18.9%, respect for patient autonomy 5.9% and legal concerns 4.6%. Discrimination and threats were each significant in one case. Reasons evoking absolutist beliefs, personal discomfort, commitment to justice, religion and ethical relativism were rare. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians felt conflict between a desire to respect patient autonomy and their discomfort over the risk associated with the procedure. They raised concerns about misuse of medical technology. Attempts to resolve complex issues through negotiation and compromise were common.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

Precommitment stategies [sic] for disposition of frozen embryos.

The question of whether to enforce agreements to implant frozen embryos after divorce has become a major concern for the 300 clinics and thousands of couples who use infertility services every year. Although courts in New York and Tennessee support enforcement, recent decisions by appellate courts in Massachusetts and New Jersey have refused to enforce such agreements on the ground that courts should not force people to reproduce. This article analyzes conflicts over enforcement of agreements for disposition of frozen embryos in terms of the precommitment strategies that persons use to plan their lives. It shows that refusal to enforce contracts for frozen embryos is unfair to the parties who relied on them in undertaking invasive infertility treatments, and possibly unconstitutional. It also addresses the extent to which precommitments for rearing rights and duties in resulting children should be enforced, if agreements to implant embryos are recognized.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed2001

Gender bias in the disposition of frozen embryos.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the gender differences found among couples when choosing the disposition of their frozen embryos. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: University affiliated in vitro fertilization (IVF) center. PATIENTS: Couples undergoing their first cycle of assisted reproductive technology (ART). INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Choice of disposition of gametes and embryos. RESULT(S): Gender bias is found when couples choose the disposition of their frozen embryos, but not when they choose the disposition of their gametes. CONCLUSION(S): Gender bias was found in couples who made decisions regarding the disposition of their frozen embryos.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Microscopic assessment of pronuclear embryos is not definitive.

The microscopic classification of embryos, especially unipronuclear embryos, is not very precise. A number of undocumented and unipronuclear embryos were determined to be diploid following karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Accelerated and asynchronous pronuclear dismantling at the time of checking for embryo fertilization accounts for this disparity. Diploid embryos were also observed among tripronuclear embryos. However, not all embryos ascertained as diploid by FISH were karyotypically normal following full karyotype analysis. By taking into account the "background" abnormality rate, the rate of diploid embryo wastage was estimated to be about 40% among undocumented embryos and about 58% in total. A high percentage of misclassification infers an unintended loss of otherwise transferable embryos. Such a discrepancy is particularly important to older women who have fewer embryos. If these are a woman's only embryos, preimplantation genetic diagnosis might be applicable in determining those that are diploid and suitable for transfer. This could potentially reduce the number of wasted embryos and cycles. The present study has also shown that mosaicism is common but it is still unclear whether mosaicism is indicative of embryonic abnormality or is a fairly common phenomenon among healthy embryos. Bipronuclear embryos that present with abnormal or delayed cleavage are often chaotic in their chromosomal constitution. Such embryos should not be transferred.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Use of in-vitro fertilisation embryos cryopreserved for 5 years or more.

Human embryos cryopreserved after in-vitro fertilisation can be stored initially for 5 years, and the storage period may be extended to a maximum of 10 years. Of 1344 embryos cryopreserved between 1988 and 1994 at two centres in Manchester, 67% (904 embryos) have had to be destroyed at the end of the first 5-year interval, even if the couples involved remain childless.

Cryopreservation↗