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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A study of embolizing materials for chemo-embolization therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: embolic effect of cisplatin albumin microspheres using chitin and chitosan in dogs, and changes of cisplatin content in blood and tissue.

Hepatic artery of dogs was embolized with cisplatin (CDDP) albumin microspheres containing chitin and chitosan to investigate the in vivo CDDP release kinetics from CDDP albumin microspheres, the CDDP cumulative characteristics in the liver, and the influence of microsphere administration on hepatic tissue. Results showed that changes in blood CDDP content were dependent on CDDP albumin microsphere type and that release kinetics were better sustained when chitin was added to the microspheres or when the microspheres were treated with chitosan. In particular, the administration of CDDP in the chitin-containing CDDP chitosan albumin microspheres showed a blood CDDP content of approximately 0.26 micrograms Pt/ml 14 d after administration. The administration of chitin-containing or chitosan treated CDDP microspheres showed a CDDP content in the hepatic tissue of 0.14 to 0.23 micrograms Pt/g 28 d after administration. They also showed better control of CDDP release than those without chitin or chitosan treatment. No CDDP influence on hepatic tissue was observed. We conclude that, even in vivo, chitin and chitosan are effective embolic materials.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Transcatheter embolization: prevention of embolic reflux using balloon catheters.

Reflux of embolic material during therapeutic transcatheter embolization is a potential complication which can result in occlusion of distal vascular beds. The conditions under which reflux was demonstrated in laboratory animals include (1) low flow states, (2) overvigorous flushing, (3) selective contrast injections, and (4) placement of embolic material too proximally. Balloon occlusion of the orifice of the vessel undergoing embolization protects against reflux and allows more homogenous embolization. Because of experience gained in the laboratory, therapeutic transcatheter embolization is now performed in patients with balloon catheter protection. Preliminary clinical experience is described.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1977

[Efficacy of experimental renal embolization with microspheres. Additionally, a critical report on the complication rate of intra-arterial embolization with particles (author's transl)].

Renal embolization was performed in 12 dogs using the Seldinger technique and microspheres 250 +/- 40 micrometer in diameter. Periodical arteriography, microangiographies and histological analysis was carried out to control the efficacy of embolization. As a result, renal arteries could be embolized wi. th microspheres, however, because of statistical distribution there were histologically anemic and normal parenchyma situated closely together. In more than 50% there was a reflux of microspheres which could only be detected by histological examination, while angiographies showed a totally normal vascular pattern. Microspheres should not be used in clinical embolization. Experimental investigation of embolization materials must almost embrace histological analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Arterial embolism, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism: a suggestive triad].

The aim of this study is to present a relatively rare case of paradoxical arterial embolism, found in a patient who was sent to us for serious pulmonary embolism. Taking into account that the foramen ovale, despite being functionally competent, remains anatomically patent in 30% of the adult population, we cannot neglect the possibility of a paradoxical embolism, in the presence of a sudden embolic limb ischemia unless heart pathology or aortic lesions can be held responsible. Furthermore it must not be forgotten that deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs or in the pelvic plexus may go unobserved on a purely clinical evaluation.

Axillary Artery↗
PubMed1976

[Silicone embolism, fat embolism, and fibrin thrombosis in dogs after extracorporeal circulation using a bubble-oxygenator (author's transl)].

Following extracorporeal circulation with a bubble oxygenator (Rygg-Kyvsgaard) silicone emboli were found in the brain-and-kidney-capillaries of all dogs evaluated. There was no obvious correlation between intensity of silicone embolism and pump time. No cellular reaction was seen around the anti-foam agent. Occasionally single small areas of embolic brain damage were found. During extracorporeal circulation and within a recovery period up to one hour no silicone excretion through the kidneys could be demonstrated. Systemic fat embolism occurred less frequent than previously reported. Use of a filter in the cardiotomy suction line reduced its intensity further. In neither of the various organs examined, disseminated intravascular thrombosis could be found.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Post-traumatic blood lipid changes and fat embolism. Relation of post-traumatic blood lipid changes and fat embolism syndrome.

Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and lipoprotein levels were studied by electrophoresis in 43 trauma patients with multiple fractures of the lower extremities and pelvis. Ten healthy volunteers were used for control studies. The fat embolism syndrome was diagnosed in eight of the 43 patients. The lipid values of all the trauma patients were lower than the control values. A decrease in cholesterol and phospholipids was observed in the fat embolism patients during 4 days; these changes were not observed in the other trauma patients. The triglycerides of all the trauma patients increased slowly over a period of 4 days. Changes in the lipoprotein fractions after the trauma were minor. An early increase in the alpha1 lipbrotein fraction was noted in the fat embolism patients simultaneously with a decrease in the pre-beta lipoprotein fraction; the values of the other trauma patients were at the control levels. Normalization was observed in 6 hours. The lipid concentrations of plasma and serum did not change with filtration with 1.2, 5, and 8mum Millipore filters. No differences were noted between the femoral and cubital vein samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Fat embolism as a cause of idiopathic necrosis of the head of the femur. Review of forty five cases of post traumatic fat embolism.

It has been postulated in recent years that idiopathic necrosis of the head of the femur may possibly be caused by arteriolar obstruction by fat emboli emanating from a fatty liver, which would act as a reservoir, due to various causes such as alcoholism and prolonged steroid therapy. A similar situation has been found in human pathology in post traumatic fat embolism. The writers have reviewed forty five cases of post traumatic fat embolism which had passed the pulmonary filter. All the cases were reviewed after a minimum of two years, since this is considered the minimum time within which necrosis can manifest itself radiologically. In none of these cases was there any evidence of necrosis of the head of the femur. These findings, supported by other critical considerations. do not lend support to the theory of fat embolism as a case of idiopathic bone necrosis.

Embolism, Fat↗
PubMed1992

A study of embolizing materials for chemo-embolization therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: antitumor effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) albumin microspheres, containing chitin and treated with chitosan on rabbits with VX2 hepatic tumors.

As an effective therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic arterial chemo-embolization therapy has been widely used, and many embolizing materials have been extensively investigated. In the present study, we prepared various types of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) albumin microspheres using chitin and chitosan, both of which have attracted considerable attention as new non-toxic biological polymer materials having favorable characteristics such as immune adjuvant activity, biological compatibility, and biodegradation. Hepatic artery of rabbit hepatic cancer models, which had transplanted VX2 tumors, were embolized with various types of microspheres. The anti-tumor effects and tumor-targeting of the microspheres, and the effects of the microspheres administration on the hepatic tissue were investigated. As a result, anti-tumor activity of the microspheres was increased by the addition of chitin-containing or chitosan treated materials; tumor growth rates of chitin addition and chitosan treated groups were approximately 160% and 120%, respectively, and were significantly lower than that of the non-treatment groups with a rate of approximately 580%. However, complete inhibition of tumor growth might have been impossible. Anti-tumor activity was increased by the addition of chitin-containing or chitosan treated materials. Whereas the growth inhibitory effect was insufficient, in order to potentiate anti-tumor activity, higher CDDP contents and sustained release of CDDP at a high level from microsphere and so on should be essentially improved for the near future. The CDDP level in hepatic tissue following the administration of microspheres was increased by adding chitin to the microspheres or by treating the microspheres with chitosan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Albumins↗
PubMed1978

Effects of pulmonary gas embolism on circulation and respiration in the dog. V. Effect of changing breathing gas composition on pulmonary gas embolization.

It was found in previous investigations that during venous gas infusion at low rates (1--5 ml/min-1) circulatory and respiratory variables reached a constant level after about 10--15 min. The present study demonstrates that this steady state can be disturbed by changing the composition of the breathing gas mixture. Alteration from air to 21% O2 in helium rapidly increased the embolic effects up to a maximum within 1.5--2 min; in the next 5--8 min the circulatory and respiratory variables returned to their previous levels during air breathing. Reverse effects occurred when changing from 21% O2 in helium to air. Similar phenomena were seen after switching from air to pure oxygen and from 21% O2 helium to pure oxygen. However, the extent of the circulatory and respiratory changes differed depending on the composition of the respective alternating breathing gas mixtures and on the initial embolic level as determined by infusion rate and kind of infusion gas. Gas movements between intravascular bubbles and alveolar space might be responsible for these changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Massive pulmonary embolism permitting paradoxical systemic arterial embolism: successful surgical management.

The case of a young woman, receiving oral contraceptives, who developed massive pulmonary embolism producing circulatory collapse and paradoxical arterial embolism through a patent foramen ovale is documented.. Limb viability was threatened. Emergency management included removal of arterial and pulmonary emboli, surgical closure of the patent foramen ovale, inferior caval partitioning, ovarian vein ligation, and short-term anticoagulation. Recovery was rapid and complete.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Which embolic material is best suited for which embolization procedure?

Various embolization cases are described, and these require certain embolization materials. In our experience Gelfoam particles are very well suited for gastrointestinal tract lesions. Ivalon shavings gave excellent results in congenital arteriovenous malformations with permanent occlusions. Bristle brushes are a new device for larger artery occlusion. Stainless steel coils in combination with silk tufts proved thrombosis of large AV fistuals or of aneurysms particularly of the splenic artery.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1979

[Basic studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of fat embolism. I. Fracture mechanism and fat embolism].

We examined the amount of fat that can be forced into the circulation by compression of femora and of heads of the tibia in the very moment of injury. By fractures of diaphyses no considerable reduction of the intraosseous space was achieved and no fat was expelled through the foramina nutritia before the hard cortical bone was splintered. However, considerable amounts of fat were expelled into veins, when the epiphyses of the femora or when the head of the tibia was compressed from medially and from laterally. Even by a purely manual compression some fat was forced to leave the spongiosa by the foramina nutritia. This is explained by the higher elasticity of the spongious bone, permitting a marked space reduction by compression even before a fracture sets in. The mechanism resembles the procedure of opacification of veins by contrast media, injected into the bone cavity under pressure. The significance of these findings for the pathogenesis of clinical fat embolism is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Therapeutic embolization with long-term occluding agents and their effects on embolized tissues.

The effects of long-term occlusion of branches of the celiac and renal arteries were studied in 13 pigs, using isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (ibc), the Gianturco-Anderson-Wallace wool coil, and lvalon. IBC permanently occluded 2- to 8-cm lengths of both vessels, including their branches so that collateral circulation was not able to preserve the tissue supplied by the occluded artery. Gastric ulcers, splenic and hepatic infarcts, and large, sterile biliary cysts were observed on postmortem examination. Permanent occlusion was also observed with the wool coil and lvalon, but the pathological results were much less deleterious. The authors conclude that IBC is presently unsafe for use in branches of the celiac artery.

Angiography↗