Annual survey of dental educational institutions. Division of Educational Measurements, Council on Dental Education.
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The paper reports comparative data from a Nigerian undergraduate medical school and a Nepalese health professions institution in order to explore the value of the previously reported Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) in 'diagnosing' the environment and climate of particular institutions and making comparative analyses in two culturally diverse situations. The Nigerian undergraduate medical school scored 118 out of a possible 200 on the DREEM global score. There were significant differences on five of the items between the male and female students and several significant differences on individual items between the students in Years 4 and 5, Years 5 and 6, and Years 4 and 6. The Nepalese global score was 130/200 and there were significantly different scores for six items between the male and female students. The scores for Years 1-3 also showed several significantly different items. These scores permitted two distinct 'diagnoses' of the two medical schools.
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OBJECTIVES: Prognosis and course of severe left ventricular dysfunction have been shown to be influenced positively by exercise training. Yet, physicians have been reluctant to include exercise into therapeutic concepts due to widespread uncertainty about the acceptable intensity of cardiac stress. Standardized exercise programs with proven safety may promote acceptance of this approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 25 patients with severe heart failure were enrolled in a PC-controlled interval exercise training on cycle ergometer, lasting 21 minutes five times a week for a 4-week inpatient period. After discharge patients performed incremental daily walking for 3 months. Associated educational measures concerned life-style changing and self-controls. RESULTS: None of the patients had to interrupt the training because of side effects. 3 weeks and 3 months after starting exercise training there was an increase of peak VO2 from 13.4 +/- 2.8 to 14.5 +/- 3.8 (p < 0.05) and 15.3 +/- 3.2 ml/kg/min (p < 0.01), respectively, and an increase of ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) from 9.3 +/- 1.9 to 10.0 +/- 2.3 (p < 0.05) and 11.3 +/- 2.2 ml/kg/min (p < 0.001), respectively. The improved aerobic capacity corresponded to a 9.3% increase in the results of the 6-minute walk test in the 4th week (n.s.). During out-patient period, the walking could be increased from 37 to 58 minutes daily. The physical quality of life was significantly improved after 3 months. There was no hospital admission due to heart failure. CONCLUSION: Exercise training in the therapy of severe heart failure is safe and increases the aerobic capacity. Associated educational measures may be able to minimize the danger of wrong exercise techniques and to reduce the rate of hospital readmissions.
The effectiveness of health educational measures increases with the time spent for them. A health education which motivates the patients towards personal activity is unequivocally superior to passive forms of health education such as information, instruction and demonstration.
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The article reports on planning, organisation and realisation of measures for the continuing education of female and male nurses of the Westphalian Provincial (Psychiatric) Hospitals as laid down by the Continuing Education Commission of the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-LIppe (a semi-governmental organisation embracing many activities, including the care of psychiatric patients.) The article discusses in detail the teaching aim and the contents of the continuing education programme, the composition of the group of participants, and the mode of working practised in the training course which must be most closely related to actual practice.
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