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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Ectoparasitic infestations.

Ectoparasitic infestations are highly prevalent in resource-poor populations throughout the world and are associated with considerable morbidity. Reliable data on the epidemiology, immunology, and therapy of ectoparasitic infestations and on the biology of the parasites remain scarce. The control of parasitic skin diseases, such as scabies, pediculosis, tungiasis, myiasis, and cutaneous larva migrans in endemic areas remains a challenge. Using appropriate study designs, it is imperative to increase further the knowledge on the various aspects of the parasites and the infestations they cause.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Ectoparasitic infestations in homeless children.

Most human ectoparasites live on the surface of their host and depend on that host to complete their life cycle. The most common ectoparasitic infestations of medical importance in humans include pediculosis, scabies, myiasis, and tungiasis. Different host factors are related, with increased risk of acquiring ectoparasitic infestation occurring among the homeless. Although these ectoparasitic infections can be found worldwide, their prevalence is affected significantly by environmental conditions in different geographical areas. This review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common ectoparasitic infestations among homeless children and their families. The most frequent bacterial infections associated with these infestations also are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ectoparasitic infestation of dogs in Bendel State, Nigeria.

An investigation into ectoparasitic infestation of different breeds of dogs presented to four veterinary clinics in Benin, Sapele and Auchi in Bendel State of Nigeria during the period January 1983 to December 1983 is presented. Of a total of 820 dogs examined for ectoparasites 246 (30.00%) were infected by ticks, 226 (27.56%) by lice, 212 (25.85%) by fleas and 109 (13.29%) by mites. The species of ectoparasites identified and their prevalence rates were Rhipicephalus sanguineus (19.5%), Otobius megnini (10.48%), Ctenocephalides canis (25.85%), Demodex canis (13.29%). Common clinical symptoms evinced in this species include scratching, licking, irritation, restlessness, alopecia, otitis externa and dermatitis. Some aspects of epidemiology of canine ectoparasitic infestation are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Ectoparasite infestations of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Hungary.

A survey was carried out to investigate the ectoparasite infestations of 100 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Hungary. The overall prevalence of flea and tick infestation was high (62 and 86% with the dominance of the anthropophil Pulex irritans and Ixodes ricinus), but the number of parasites was low to moderate. Felicola vulpis was not found in the present study, and the prevalence of Otodectes cynotis was only 2%. Based on prevalence (21%), mange lesion scores, and the negative correlation between lesion scores and condition of foxes, Sarcoptes infestation should be considered as the most important parasitosis of foxes in Hungary. Besides the ecological significance of these parasites, the high overall prevalence of mange and anthropophil flea and tick infestations of foxes and the appearance of these animals in the synanthropic environment as a result of the increasing population size, may result in the increasing incidence of flea, tick and accidental mite infestation of man and domestic animals, and may enhance the transmission rate of some vector-borne diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunomodulation of host responses to ectoparasite infestation--an overview.

Immune reactivity stimulated by ectoparasites and other arthropods has received increased attention in recent years. It is clear that a broad range of host responses are elicited, and immune effector mechanisms appear to be active in limiting infestation with blood-feeding arthropods. Host immune responsiveness appears to be altered as a consequence of infestation by certain arthropods, and the impact of these alterations on vector-borne pathogen transmission remains to be determined. Successful techniques have been developed by a number of investigators for the artificial induction of resistance to blood-feeding arthropods. These areas are examined in this paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A potpourri of parasitic infestations.

Ectoparasitic infestations are common cutaneous problems. The vast majority of these are attributable to scabies and pediculosis. While these are usually readily recognizable, infestations caused by other ectoparasites, such as nonscabetic mites, may pose difficulty in diagnosis. In this article, we present a variety of ectoparasitic infestations that initially eluded diagnosis and review the gamut of ectoparasites that can cause eruptions in the skin.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Ectoparasitic Infestation.

The author considers the two primary ectoparasitic infections of the genital region in young men: scabies and pediculosis pubis. In view of the widely held perception that poor hygiene is associated with these parasites, the need for attention to the patient's emotional state is stressed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

[Psychopathology of patients with delusions of ectoparasitic infestation].

This paper presents a literature review as well as a study in 13 patients suffering from delusion of infestation. Symptoms found in MMPI are related to clinical experience. Our results suggest the distinction of three different groups of these patients: 1. Patients with predominantly hypochondric traits, with a distinct conviction to suffer from a severe, physical illness that is often looked at as incurable (hypochondriacal delusion of parasitosis). 2. Patients with paranoid symptoms and without hypochondric apprehensions. These patients usually hopelessly fight against their parasites, that impair their sphere of existence. Physical illness is denied. ("delusion of infestation"). 3. Patients with signs of both, hypochondrical as well as paranoid delusions ("hypochondriacal delusion of infestation").

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ectoparasitic infestation of the lashes.

Phthirus pubis, commonly known as the crab louse, has as its habitat the pubic and inguinal regions of the body. Transfer between hosts is most commonly a result of sexual contact. On occasion, Phthirus pubis will leave its usual seat of predilection and infest other hair-bearing body parts. When infestation of the eyelashes occurs, it is known as phthiriasis palpebrarum. The case presented is an example of phthiriasis palpebrarum in a young female, apparently contracted as a result of transfer from the genital region of an affected male by hand contact.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Ectoparasite infestation and sex-biased local recruitment of hosts.

Dispersal patterns of organisms are a fundamental aspect of their ecology, modifying the genetic and social structure of local populations. Parasites reduce the reproductive success and survival of hosts and thereby exert selection pressure on host life-history traits, possibly affecting host dispersal. Here we test experimentally whether infestation by hen fleas, Ceratophyllus gallinae, affects sex-related recruitment of great tit, Parus major, fledglings. Using sex-specific DNA markers, we show that flea infestation led to a higher proportion of male fledglings recruiting in the local population in one year. In infested broods, the proportion of male recruits increased with brood size over a three year period, whereas the proportion of male recruits from uninfested broods decreased with brood size. Natal dispersal distances of recruits from infested nests were shorter than those from uninfested nests. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence for parasite-mediated host natal dispersal and local recruitment in relation to sex. Current theory needs to consider parasites as potentially important factors shaping life-history traits associated with host dispersal.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Delusional ectoparasitic infestation in multiple system atrophy].

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease of unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Clinically, there are combinations of extrapyramidal, cerebellar, pyramidal and autonomic dysfunctions. Diagnosis is sorted into different categories according to criteria. The appearance of hallucinations unrelated to medication is considered to be a criterion of exclusion for the diagnosis of MSA. A case is described in which delusional parasitosis occurred as a possible initial syndrome of MSA. The simultaneous appearance of MSA and a psychotic disease is possible and has been described repeatedly. Therefore, this criterion of exclusion is discussed. Delusional parasitosis is an unspecific syndrome of multifactorial genesis. Partial remission of the monothematic symptomatology of delusion shows that a continuous and consequent therapy with neuroleptics seems to be promising. In the case presented, the good efficacy of olanzapine in low dosage over an extended period of time is described.

Basal Ganglia↗