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PubMed1979

A proposal concerning the origin of life on the planet earth.

The widely accepted Oparin thesis for the origin and early evolution of life seems sufficiently far from the true state of affairs as to be considered incorrect. It is proposed that life on earth actually arose in the planet's atmosphere, however an atmosphere very different from the present one. Because of an extremely warm surface, the early earth may have possessed no liquid surface water, its water being partitioned between a motten crust and a fairly dense atmosphere. Early preliving systems are taken to arise in the droplet phase in such an atmosphere. The early earth, which resembled Venus then and to some extent now, underwent a transition to its present condition largely as a result of the evolution of methanogenic metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

microntology: a lightweight, data-driven controlled vocabulary to describe earth's microbial habitats.

MOTIVATION: Data-enabled studies of microbial ecology and evolution depend on high-quality descriptions of microbial habitats, based on curated and consolidated vocabularies. RESULTS: We introduce microntology v1.0, a pragmatic controlled vocabulary of 148 terms to describe microbial habitats and lifestyles, and provide manually curated microntology annotations for >300k metagenomic samples from public repositories. AVAILABILITY: microntology controlled vocabulary terms and term hierarchies (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19730167), and curated annotations for 305 626 metagenomic samples (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18164252) are available via Zenodo and spire.embl.de/downloads. Underlying code is available via github.com/grp-schmidt/microntology and Zenodo (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20323497). User feedback, suggestions and bug reports are welcome at github.com/grp-schmidt/microntology/issues.

Ecosystem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Weltanschauung aspects of the problem of man, the biosphere and space].

The paper discusses philosophic approaches to the problem of man-environment interplay. Many important problems humanity faces today are associated with biology. Biomedical and astrophysical studies are being carried out to gain a better insight into the laws governing evolution and further development of the Universe. The emergence of a human society started a qualitatively new stage in the evolution of organic matter. A rapid progress of science and engineering is accompanied by a significant rearrangement of the natural environment and, particularly, of living beings. The biosphere is transforming into the sphere of intelligence, i.e. noosphere. However, natural phenomena are still more powerful than man-made productive forces. Man's excursion into outer space allowed him to look at himself as if from the outside and to evaluate critically his actual role, position and responsibility in the infinite Universe as compared with other forms of life and intelligence. The Universe may be boundlessly great but for human beings there is nothing better than the Earth. Our planet will long remain the base for the existence and development of humanity. Today man ought to take the streering-wheel of evolution and fate of the biosphere into his hands, in order to preserve, through the efforts of many generations, our planet as the gem of the Universe.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed2026

Replicating lipid micelles: a feasible precursor to the origin of life and the earliest appearance of genomes.

The most commonly accepted scenario of early Earth includes: creation of the universe around 13.8 Ga (Giga-annus; or 109 years ago); establishment of our solar system ~ 4.60 Ga; and formation of Earth ~ 4.54 Ga. The earliest life forms on our planet so far observed to have existed, are microbes that left signals of their presence in rocks ~ 3.6 Ga - suggesting that Life forms existed within the first 940 million years after Earth's formation. However, an intriguing recent publication [1] infers that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) likely existed by 4.2 Ga, and that the inferred LUCA had a genome of at least 2.5 Mb of DNA, encoding around 2,600 proteins; this suggests that sophisticated Life might have existed within the first 340 million years after Earth was formed. The commonly accepted geological history of early Earth suggests that the turbulent Hadean Eon lasted until 4.0 Ga, with the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) period occurring around 4.1 to 3.8 Ga. If Earth during the Hadean exhibited a molten surface, intense volcanic activity, and constant bombardment by asteroids and comets - how were sensitive molecules (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins) able to survive? Considering the "Lipid First" hypothesis [2], we propose that replicating lipid micelles are feasible candidates for having populated much of Earth's deep hydrothermal vents and turbulent surface within the first 340 million years of Earth's existence. These lipid micelles could therefore have provided a plausible form of "protective capsules" inside which early Life's sensitive molecules were able to evolve.

Origin of Life↗
PubMed2026

Microbial diversity: the essential foundation for life on our planet.

The biological basis of life on Earth is microbial diversity that ensures human health, agricultural productivity, ecological balance, and ecosystem functioning. Microorganisms enable ecosystem restoration through bioremediation, maintain soil fertility, support plant growth, manage vital biogeochemical cycles, and contribute to climate resilience. Precision probiotics, postbiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, and personalized microbiome medicine are the examples of emerging microbiome-based therapies that offer promising therapeutic opportunities. In humans, the gut microbial community is essential for immune regulation, metabolism, and disease prevention. In terrestrial ecological systems, interactions between plants, fungi, bacteria, and other soil microorganisms improve carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, stress resilience, and sustainable agricultural productivity in the given effects of climate change. Emerging uses in agriculture, environmental restoration, and medicine are made possible by advancements in multi-omic techniques, synthetic microbial genomes, microbiome engineering, and artificial intelligence. Considering these developments, issues with ecological complexity, long-term validation, standardization, and field scale application still exist. Therefore, preserving microbial diversity is important for conserving ecological resilience and strengthening the One Health framework, which highlights the mutual dependance of health of animal, human, plant, and environment. This review summarizes what has been discovered about ecological and biomedical relevance of microbiome, identifies important research gaps, highlighting emerging technologies, and evaluates potential future directions for using microbiome to support planetary sustainability.

Bioremediation↗
PubMed1979

The Viking Mission: implications for life on Mars.

The results of the Viking Biology experiments are best explained by non-biological phenomena: The interaction of the reagents with the materials comprising the regolith. Conditions of water activity, temperature, availability of carbon sources and others in most regions of the planet are too extreme for survival and growth of any known Earth microorganisms. Although the possibility persists that some very unusual form of life is somewhere on that planet the evidence is best interpreted as negative. Even though there is no evidence for current life on Mars, whether or not life ever originated there is not known.

Carbon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modern mankind's influence on the natural cycles of phosphorus.

When the molten surface of the earth solidified over 4 X 10(9) years ago the quantity of phosphorus to be contained in the storehouse of the new planet had already been resolved. The phosphorus was locked in an igneous lithosphere as orthophosphate. With the advent of the first primitive rainstorms the slow endless process of liberating the phosphorus from the igneous rock strata had begun. It required about 3 X 10(9) years for this process to supply enough soluble phosphates for the seas of the earth to become saturated with respect to apatites. Today slightly more than half of the phosphate is contained in sedimentary deposits. The established phosphorus cycles of the earth were almost independent of the activities of mankind for more than 4 X 10(9) years. Only in the past 200 years has the influence been worthy of consideration and as late as the 1960s too few reliable data were available for us to assess the status of our activities on the natural cycles. Today a reasonably clear picture is emerging.

Cyclization↗