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Results for “Early disease detection”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The mobile hospital--an experimental telemedicine system for the early detection of disease.

To detect early disease, especially lung disease, we created a new telemedicine system, called the Mobile Hospital. It consists of a satellite or ground communication system using a large vehicle in which is installed a whole-body spiral computerized tomography scanner and a multimedia telecommunications system. The Mobile Hospital goes to small villages and carries out mass screening for early lung disease, especially lung cancer. It travelled over 8000 km from May 1996 to March 1997. In this period 6358 persons aged 50-85 years and younger heavy smokers were screened in the Matsumoto area. As a result, 37.7% of the subjects were suspected of having various latent lung diseases. The cost of medical treatment for the lung cancers detected by the Mobile Hospital was 44% of that for a conventional medical care group, and the length of hospital treatment with surgical operation was 30% of that of the conventional group.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Health promotion and early disease detection among medical school faculty.

BACKGROUND: Medical school faculty members influence students' health promotion beliefs by their patient care activities and personal health habits. We characterized the medical school environment by defining faculty's health promotion and early disease detection attitudes and practices. The data disclose faculty needs and suggest a new paradigm to alter medical students' health promotion beliefs and care patterns. METHODS: An observational study of all academic faculty was conducted at a medical school using self-report survey data collected with a confidential questionnaire. The survey instrument assessed faculty demographics, 27 behaviors, and 23 beliefs concerning health promotion. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent of faculty (575 of 683) responded. Although agreement was moderate to good between lifestyle beliefs and personal behaviors, the concordance between personal adherence to and beliefs concerning the recommended physical examinations and laboratory tests was only fair (kappa 0.21 to 0.40). CONCLUSION: Faculty's health promotion and disease detection beliefs and behaviors were inconsistent. Observing this discrepancy may relate to students' establishment of attitudes and practices. Modifying faculty's personal behaviors and altering the medical school environment might enhance students' commitment toward preventive care.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Phenotypic marker for early disease detection in dominant late-onset retinal degeneration.

PURPOSE: To define early disease expression in autosomal dominant late-onset retinal degeneration (L-ORD), a retinopathy that becomes symptomatic after age 50 and is characterized histopathologically by sub-RPE deposits. METHODS: Three families with L-ORD were included; two families had postmortem eye donors with retina-wide sub-RPE deposits. Six patients with severe visual loss (ages 62-93) were examined clinically, and 17 available individuals (ages 35-60) at a 50:50 risk to inherit L-ORD were also studied with dark adaptometry. A short-term trial of vitamin A at 50,000 IU/day was conducted in three members. Three-year follow-up examinations were performed in a subset of members. RESULTS: Family 1 had 12 available members at risk. On initial examination, only one member had fundus abnormalities: yellow-white punctate lesions in the midperipheral fundus. Dark-adaptation kinetics were abnormal in 6 of 12. The youngest age with an abnormality was 35. Family 2 had two available members at risk, both of whom had punctate fundus lesions and abnormal dark adaptation. Family 3 had three available members at risk. One had fundus lesions and abnormal dark adaptation, whereas the others had normal fundi and normal adaptometry. Vitamin A accelerated adaptation kinetics but not to normal rates. Three-year follow-up examinations demonstrated further slowing of adaptation kinetics, whereas rod and cone thresholds remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Dark-adaptation abnormalities can precede symptoms and funduscopic signs of L-ORD by at least a decade. Short-term, high-dose vitamin A accelerates the kinetics of dark adaptation to a limited degree. The results contribute clues about early pathophysiology of this retinal degeneration and provide additional power for genetic mapping of the L-ORD locus.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Acute splenic sequestration crisis in sickle cell disease: early detection and treatment.

Acute splenic sequestration crisis (ASSC) in children with various forms of sickle cell disease can result in life-threatening circulatory collapse due to the loss of circulating blood volume. Over a 6-year period we have treated 12 patients ranging in age from 5 1/2 months to 7 years presenting with acute sequestration crisis. Eleven had homozygous sickle cell disease and the other had sickle-thalassemia. One patient died of acute circulatory collapse. Eight patients underwent splenectomy after a major episode of sequestration with no serious infectious complications up to 5 years following splenectomy. Three patients with minor episodes have been followed with no recurrences. To foster early detection of this potentially lethal complication of sickle cell disease, an educational program in our Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center instructs the parents to examine the spleen and bring their child in for evaluation if the spleen enlarges. A newly developed videotape describes the common symptoms of ASSC and illustrates the technique of palpating the spleen. With early detection of sickle cell disease by neonatal screening and the educational program, the morbidity and mortality from this complication of sickle cell disease can be reduced.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Otospongiosis as a genetic disease. Early detection, medical management, and prevention.

Extensive research into the inmost mechanism of otospongiotic disease and an extended study of otosclerotic patients' ancestry have led the authors to a plan for prevention of this disease, which appears to be a genetic deafness with autosomal dominant inheritance and about 40 percent penetrance of genes. Progress in impedance audiometry has permitted early detection of stapedial fixation by means of systematic audiometric investigations, particularly the elicitation of stapedius reflex showing a very special pattern called the "on-off effect." The evidence supporting an enzymatic origin of the sensoringeural component of hearing loss in otosclerotic families has led us to treat otospongiotic children with very low doses of sodium fluoride, with no risk of stunting growt. We have been applying this procedure for four years to the families of stapedectomized otosclerotic patients. We believe it would be advisable to extend this type of prevention to schoolchildren by means of systematic audiometric investigations, including the elicitation of stapedius reflex to detect a possible on-off effect. We also studied sodium fluoride therapy, which derives from the enzymatic origin of the otospongiotic disease. This treatment, based on enzymogenesis inhibitors, should be given to young otospongiotic/otosclerotic patients detected by systematic audiometric investigations. Sodium fluoride could even be prescribed for otospongiotic mothers to prevent disease in their newborn children, exactly as in dental prevention. Otospongiotic/otosclerotic disease can be easily controlled by medical treatment, combined with surgery if needed. This treatment is effective thanks to early detection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Crohn's disease: early detection by gingival biopsy.

A definitive diagnosis of Crohn's disease was made in a 31-year-old female patient who presented with a chief complaint of red, burning gingiva and an itchy palate. The microscopic identification of multinucleated giant cells in the gingival biopsy was suggestive of Crohn's disease. This led to a complete medical work-up including an upper and lower bowel series, which confirmed the diagnosis of Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Coats' disease: early detection and early treatment (author's transl)].

With regard to visual prognosis Coats disease can grossly be divided in 3 different stages: If the disease is confined to the periphery of the fundus, complete recovery can be achieved by appropriate treatment. If there is already a severe macular involvement central visual acuity hardly improves, but blindness can be prevented. In case of a widespread, exsudative retinal detachment, the prognosis is unfavourable. Early diagnosis and early treatment of Coats' disease are therefore very important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Hailey-Hailey disease. Early detection of heterozygotes by an ultraviolet provocation tests--clinical relevance of the method].

An UV provocative test to identify genotypical carriers of Hailey-Hailey disease was developed, and performed on 30 non-affected family members of 8 families. The test revealed that 10 individuals were genotypical carriers without clinical signs. We checked the reliability of the UV provocative test during a 3-year follow-up period (family register method). In 50% of the carriers identified by the UV provocative test the first clinical manifestations of Hailey-Hailey disease developed in this period. All individuals with negative UV provocative test results remained clinically healthy. Up to now our results with the UV provocative test have been verified by the clinical development in 80% of cases. The UV provocative test is a practicable and reliable method of determining genotypical carriers of Hailey-Hailey disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Dementia and Alzheimer disease. Early detection and treatment].

Early diagnosis and treatment of dementia are intimately connected following recent progress in these topics and limitation of actual treatments to the initial cause of this ailment. Precise diagnosis alone can lead to adequate treatment and a logical procedure is mandatory to define, as precisely as possible, the exact aetiology. The first step will be to establish if the patient is demented, then if it is a curable dementia and finally if the dementia is treatable. If necessary, work up can be completed by a precise typing of the disease. Beside support which is a basic option for these diseases but out of the scope of this paper, the clinician will aim, if possible, to prescribe an aetiological treatment or at least a symptomatic one. This last can be not only non-specific, based on antidepressants, sedatives and neuroleptics, but also specific. This last therapeutic option has tremendously evolved recently with the coming of acetylcholine aimed treatment, particularly cholinesterase inhibitors which are the first medications to be demonstrated as effective for Alzheimer's disease. Even if these drugs have still significant limitations, therapeutic nihilism which was often the rule has to be abandoned and must be an incentive to keep on with research for better diagnostic tests and therapeutic options.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding Parkinson's disease: detection and early disease management.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, debilitating, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss within the basal ganglia and insufficient levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Symptoms include resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of voluntary movement), and postural disturbances. Exact cause is unknown, but theories surrounding environmental or endogenous toxicities have been suggested. Differential diagnoses include genetic and other neurologic disorders that may share symptoms similar to those seen in PD. Clinical progression has been categorized into three phases of the disease: early, nonfluctuating, and fluctuating. Medications generally offer good symptom relief during the early and nonfluctuating phases of the disease. Classifications of anti-PD medications include anticholinergics, dopamine agonists, amantadine, MAO-B inhibitors, levodopa-carbidopa, and Catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors. Surgical intervention may be an option for select patients whose conditions are not well controlled though medical management strategies. Primary care providers often can manage patients in the early stage of PD, but later stages require expert neurologic management. Patient/family education and anticipatory guidance is imperative.

Antiparkinson Agents↗
PubMed2005

A space-time permutation scan statistic for disease outbreak detection.

BACKGROUND: The ability to detect disease outbreaks early is important in order to minimize morbidity and mortality through timely implementation of disease prevention and control measures. Many national, state, and local health departments are launching disease surveillance systems with daily analyses of hospital emergency department visits, ambulance dispatch calls, or pharmacy sales for which population-at-risk information is unavailable or irrelevant. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We propose a prospective space-time permutation scan statistic for the early detection of disease outbreaks that uses only case numbers, with no need for population-at-risk data. It makes minimal assumptions about the time, geographical location, or size of the outbreak, and it adjusts for natural purely spatial and purely temporal variation. The new method was evaluated using daily analyses of hospital emergency department visits in New York City. Four of the five strongest signals were likely local precursors to citywide outbreaks due to rotavirus, norovirus, and influenza. The number of false signals was at most modest. CONCLUSION: If such results hold up over longer study times and in other locations, the space-time permutation scan statistic will be an important tool for local and national health departments that are setting up early disease detection surveillance systems.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical proteomics: from biomarker discovery and cell signaling profiles to individualized personal therapy.

The discovery of new highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for early disease detection and risk stratification coupled with the development of personalized "designer" therapies holds the key to future treatment of complex diseases such as cancer. Mounting evidence confirms that the low molecular weight (LMW) range of the circulatory proteome contains a rich source of information that may be able to detect early stage disease and stratify risk. Current mass spectrometry (MS) platforms can generate a rapid and high resolution portrait of the LMW proteome. Emerging novel nanotechnology strategies to amplify and harvest these LMW biomarkers in vivo or ex vivo will greatly enhance our ability to discover and characterize molecules for early disease detection, subclassification and prognostic capability of current proteomics modalities. Ultimately genetic mutations giving rise to disease are played out and manifested on a protein level, involving derangements in protein function and information flow within diseased cells and the interconnected tissue microenvironment. Newly developed highly sensitive, specific and linearly dynamic reverse phase protein microarray systems are now able to generate circuit maps of information flow through phosphoprotein networks of pure populations of microdissected tumor cells obtained from patient biopsies. We postulate that this type of enabling technology will provide the foundation for the development of individualized combinatorial therapies of molecular inhibitors to target tumor-specific deranged pathways regulating key biologic processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity and metastasis. Hence future therapies will be tailored to the specific deranged molecular circuitry of an individual patient's disease. The successful transition of these groundbreaking proteomic technologies from research tools to integrated clinical diagnostic platforms will require ongoing continued development, and optimization with rigorous standardization development and quality control procedures.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2002

Screening for the early detection of disease, the need for evidence.

BACKGROUND: Screening for the early detection of disease has had a spotted history. Structured approaches to the process of gathering and evaluating evidence, with the emphasis on well-controlled randomized studies, have greatly improved the beneficial potential of appropriate and effective screening. Good quality evidence will contribute to quality health care. ISSUES: The volunteer participants in screening programs must give fully informed consent. This means that they must be presented with clear and accurate statements of the advantages and disadvantages of the screening program. Among the screening programs that have been conducted include hyperhomocysteinemia and coronary artery disease, Down's syndrome, Neonatal Group B streptococcal disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and endometrial cancer. The evidence in these studies has strengths and weaknesses as to how they support or oppose a particular intervention. The laboratory has a major role to play in establishing and validating standards of accuracy for diagnostic tests. Agreement on standards and their application does not mean the end of different interpretation and controversy. CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory physicians and scientists will be very effective consultants if they have the best available, high quality evidence for the appropriate use of laboratory tests.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

Development of a protein microarray library and a system for rheumatoid-arthritis disease marker screening.

Early detection and intervention can delay the onset of symptoms of RA (rheumatoid arthritis), but current diagnostic tests suffer from low sensitivity and specificity, making such early disease detection difficult. Analysis of body fluids for the identification of multiple molecular markers and the subsequent determination of modifications in their associated protein structures emerges as a possibility for early detection. The structural modifications of these markers are thought to play a pivotal role in defining the pathological state of diseased joints. Therefore a proteome library and system for RA disease screening has been developed and investigated in the present study. The large (39 S) mammalian ribosomal subunit has been identified as a potential RA marker. This protein is known as L 35, and antibodies to this protein have been found to be expressed in patients suffering from RA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗