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Results for “Ear Protective Devices”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Effectiveness of ear protective devices].

Efficiency of 9 types of hearing protectors was investigated. A subjective method of an absolute hearing threshold shift in free sound field in 20 well-hearing-persons was applied. The results obtained are presented in figures. It was found that the maximum efficiency of most hearing protectors usually fell toon the frequency of 4000 Hz and amounted to 20--41 dB. The minimum efficiency usually fell to the frequency of 125 Hz and amounted to 8--21 dB. Attenuation efficiency of broad-band noise was 18-40 dB and approximated the maximum efficiency of pure sounds, sometimes even surpassing it. The results of determinations differed from the values given by manufacturers, which accounts for the need of undertaking such investigations.

Ear Protective Devices↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pressure prevention device for burned ears.

Full-thickness burns to the external ear can produce loss of skin and cartilage and can result in severe cosmetic deformity. Even partial-thickness burns render the ear vulnerable to tissue loss if the helix is subjected to pressure from pillows, dressings, or straps that are used to secure endotracheal tubes. Because of the incidence of burned ear deformities and the difficulty in reconstructing the external ear, an ear protection device has been designed. The bilateral ear protection device, referred to as "headgear", is fitted to all patients in the burn center who require intubation for an inhalation injury; it is worn continuously until extubation. During a 15-month period 39 consecutive critically burned patients were fitted with the headgear because of the need for ventilator support and/or for protection of the burned ear(s). Pressure necrosis of ear tissue was prevented in all 33 survivors.

Burns↗
PubMed1989

The need for a participatory conservation programme for the reduction of noise exposure to Thai female workers.

Hearing loss induced in thirty female workers because of exposure to continuous noise was studied in a plastic bag plant in Samutprakarn Province, the largest industrial zone in Thailand. The sound level in this plant was 98.5 dBA., 94.0 dBA. and 93.0 dBA. in the weaving, winding and warping sections, respectively. Results of an audiometric test showed a significant relationship between high noise level and hearing loss at frequency 4,000 Hz. A questionnaire survey found that a relatively high number of workers had various symptoms such as: 76.7% general fatigue, 70% headache, 63.3% ear distension and 56.7% vertigo. Concerning the usage of ear protective devices, it was found that 80% of the workers have never used such devices, 16.7% occasionally used them, and 3.3% have always used cotton wool to reduce the high noise level. Their reasons for non-use of ear protective devices were 1) not provided by the employer (86.7%), 2) not necessary (83.3%), 3) accustomed to the noise (63.3%), 4) nobody uses (56.7%), and 5) no loud noise (16.7%). These results point to the need for improving the work conditions and welfare services of the workers at this plant. Also, hearing conservation programmes can be instituted in developing countries through cooperation among the safety inspectorate, the employer and the workers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Foam ear protectors for burnt ears.

Foam ear protectors were developed at the Royal Brisbane Hospital for use with selected patients with burns to the ears. The protectors assist in preventing pressure necrosis of the ear and damage to skin grafts. They permit visualization of the ears after grafting and allow the patient to sleep in a side-lying position if desired.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Tympanostomy tube protection with ear plugs.

Protection by ear plugs from water-borne infection was evaluated in 35 patients with "tympanostomy" tubes, tympanic membrane perforations, or mastoid bowls. Stock and custom-made ear plugs were found to be equally effective up to four months during a period of frequent swimming and bathing activities. Infections were only noted to occur in those patients who did not follow instructions on appropriate use of the plugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Neurogenic concept of bell's palsy. Medical decompression of facial nerve.

According to the author it is the 'transmyringal' portion of the chorda tympani nerve which in practice remains exposed to the cold atmospheric air and triggers the pathologic process involved in Bell's palsy, affecting the facial nerve secondarily, rather than a primary condition of the facial nerve. This theory was proved by creating a Bell's palsy (paralysis a frigore) with cold-air-stimuli to the tympanic membrane in experimental animals (two monkeys). On the basis of this observation the author recommend's 'medical decompression' of the facial nerve by means of infra-red fomentation of the drum, and eustachian insufflation of hydrocortisone, in cases of Bell's palsy before retrograde extension of oedema from the chorda tympani to the facial nerve can cause irreversible damage. Subsequently, the author has successfully managed fourteen cases (93-4 per cent) of Bell's palsy with a definite history of exposure to cold (paralysis a frigore). It is suggested that the ear canal be plugged with cotton as a preventive measure; and that chorda tympani neurectomy be performed to eliminate the chances of recurrence of the disease in cases of recurrent Bell's palsy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Blast criteria for open spaces and enclosures.

A review of the history of blast research is presented from before World War II to the present time. The mechanisms of blast injury and the nature of the injuries are described. Casualty criteria applicable to man's exposure to single blasts in open terrain as a function of overpressure duration and orientation are given. Damage-risk criteria for man exposed to repeated blasts of low and high intensity are described. The hazards from blast waves entering open structures are described with criteria for personnel located in a standard two-man open foxhole. Methods of establishing the air blast dose in a variety of exposure conditions are illustrated. The present state-of-the-art on personnel protection afforded by rigid and soft protective garments is given. Information on animal response to blast waves generated inside enclosures from the firing of recoilless weapons and the detonation of high-explosive charges is discussed along with the problem of defining the extent of performance decrement in relation to the air blast dose.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

Traumatic thermal injuries of the middle ear.

Eleven cases of thermal otic injury are reviewed. The final outcome of therapy, whether medical or surgical is poor--only two of 11 patients were restored to normal. The possible pathogenesis of failure is discussed. Most cases could have been prevented by wearing ear plugs.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

Pritt Tak: another hazard of grommets and swimming.

There is argument about whether, whilst swimming, water should be excluded from ears which have middle ear ventilation tubes in place in the tympanic membrane. The adhesive putty substance BLU-TACK (registered Trade Mark, Bostik Ltd, Leicester, England, LE4 6BW) has been suggested as an effective ear plug for this purpose. A case is described in which an alternative adhesive putty substance was used as a waterproof plug. The result was that the plug became semi-solid and impossible to remove without the use of micro instruments and removal would have required general anaesthetic in a less co-operative patient. Patients should be warned of this risk.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1986

Methods of measuring the attenuation of hearing protection devices.

The published literature describing three real-ear-attenuation-at-threshold (REAT), nine above-threshold, and four objective methods of measuring hearing protector attenuation is reviewed and analyzed with regard to the accuracy, practicality, and applicability of the various techniques. The analysis indicates that the REAT method is one of the most accurate available techniques since it assesses all of the sound paths to the occluded ear and, depending upon the experimenter's intention, can reflect actual in-use attenuation as well. An artifact in the REAT paradigm is that masking in the occluded ear due to physiological noise can spuriously increase low-frequency (less than or equal to 500 Hz) attenuation, although the error never exceeds approximately 5 dB, regardless of the device, except below 125 Hz. Since the preponderance of available data indicates that attenuation is independent of sound level for intentionally linear protectors, the use of above-threshold procedures to evaluate attenuation is not a necessity. An exception exists in the case of impulsive noises, for which the existing data are not unequivocal with regard to hearing protector response characteristics. Two of the objective methods (acoustical test fixture and microphone in real ear) are considerable time savers. All objective procedures are lacking in their ability to accurately determine the importance of the flanking bone-conduction paths, although some authors have incorporated this feature as a post-measurement correction. The microphone in real-ear approach is suggested to be one of the most promising for future standardization efforts and research purposes, and the acoustical test fixture technique is recommended (with certain reservations) for quality control and buyer acceptance testing.

Acoustic Stimulation↗