[Metastases of eye neoplasms].
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Quantitative DNA pathologic examination is an important content of quantitative pathology, which is to use cytochemistry quantitative analytical technique for quantitative analysis of patho-histological structure and intra-cellular DNA level. Quantitative determination of DNA in tumor cells as an objective quantitative index reflecting biological behavior of tumor cells and has an important significance for distinguishing precancerous lesions, borderline tumors, benign and malignant tumors; and for estimating the malignant degree and prognosis. This review introduces the study about DNA quantitative analysis used in clinical pathology of eye neoplasms.
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Eye tumors (choroidal melanomas, iris melanomas, and choroidal hemangiomas) are being treated with 68 MeV protons since 1998 at the Ion Beam Laboratory of the Hahn-Meitner Institute of Berlin (Germany's first proton therapy center), in cooperation with the Charité University Hospital in Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin. The proton beam, generated via a combination of Van de Graaff accelerator and cyclotron, is prepared by passive shaping for conformal tumor irradiation. A digital X-ray verification of the tumor location with the patient in sitting position limits the position uncertainties to a maximum of 0.3 mm. The treatment planning is performed using the program EYEPLAN. OCTOPUS, a CT-based planning program developed in cooperation with the German Cancer Research Center of Heidelberg, is under pre-clinical testing. Thus far, more than 400 patients have been irradiated. The first results are comparable to those obtained in other proton therapy centers. At the end of 2002, the University Hospital of Essen has also become a cooperation partner of the Hahn-Meitner Institute.
Malignant disease metastatic to the eye is a common entity afflicting hundred patients each year. Breast carcinoma is the most common carcinoma responsible for ocular metastases with an estimated range probably closer to 30% and prevalence of 11.000 women by year in United-States. Breast carcinoma is followed by lung cancer and adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary. The diagnosis should be suspected in patient with history of carcinoma and a decreased visual acuity or any other visual symptom. The most useful diagnostic techniques include direct ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The cornerstone of treatment of ocular metastases remains radiation therapy. The overall response rates of earlier diagnosis, according to measurement of visual acuity, may be ranged from 72 to 94%. Early diagnosis and treatment of those lesions are a primary concern to maximize the quality of life until death of patients with metastatic disease. We report four cases of women with breast cancer metastatic to the eye.
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